The Analysis of Recovery Implementation for Domestic Violence Victims

In Indonesia, the most common forms of domestic violence experienced are physical, sexual, psychological and economic neglect. As a result, it can cause physical and psychological injuries. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the victim's recovery in order to strengthen the victim to be more empowered, both physically and psychologically. This article aims to describe and analyze the recovery implementation for domestic violence victims in Indonesia using the literature review method. The recovery implementation of domestic violence victims is carried out by building communication between relevant stakeholders so that cooperation is established in providing services to victims of domestic violence in accordance with their respective duties and responsibilities. The participation of external parties such as NGOs or women's organizations can assist in providing protection and assistance so that victims can still benefit from the policy even though there are still limitations from the government. The benefits of counseling services can help victims to grow confidence in living life. Empowerment through training can provide provisions for a more independent life. Obstacles faced by the government include: limited budget for handling cases of violence, especially violence against women; the number of assistants and counselors in some areas is still lacking; many room of special service facilities are inadequate and the distribution of safe houses is not evenly distributed in each area.

COVID–19 járvány hatása a pszichiátriai megbetegedések gyakoriságára – PTSD

Összefoglaló. A poszttraumás stressz zavar (PTSD) egy súlyos mentális állapot, amely nehezen gyógyítható, és évtizedeken keresztül fennállhat. Gyakorisága 1–3%-ról világszerte 20% körülire emelkedett a COVID–19 járvány után. Az észlelt gyakoriság nem függött a vizsgált populációk érintettségétől: a gyakoriság közel azonos volt fertőzöttek, karanténba kerültek, pusztán életmódváltozást elszenvedők és egészségügyi szakemberek körében. Ez vetekszik a háborús helyzetekben tapasztaltakkal, azzal a különbséggel, hogy a modern háborúk a világ népességének kis részét, míg a járvány az emberiség tekintélyes részét érintette. A COVID–19 járvány lecsengése után tehát számolnunk kell azokkal a pszichiátriai jellegű károkkal is, amelyeket maga mögött hagy, köztük a PTSD áldozataival. Summary. Almost 20 years ago McNally (2003) wrote a paper on the Vietnam War with the title “Psychiatric Casualties of War”, outlining that people may suffer psychological injuries in war beyond those that harm them physically. Like wars, epidemics also have “psychiatric casualties” e.g., people who avoid the dangers of the epidemic per se but do not survive the situation without harm. One possible form of impairment is psychiatric in nature; this category includes among others post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study addresses the question of how how much concern the COVID-19 epidemic raises in the long run for an increased incidence of PTSD. PTSD is a severe and difficult-to-treat mental disorder caused by traumatic stress i.e., an event that threatens life and/or physical integrity. It is usually attributed to disasters, war, and interpersonal violence, but it can also be caused by serious illness such as AIDS and cancer. The COVID-19 epidemic conforms to the concept of trauma in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, as the disease it causes is potentially life threatening. Thus, even a purely logical approach suggests that the epidemic may increase the incidence of PTSD, an assumption that is confirmed by numerous targeted studies. The pre-epidemic PTSD morbidity rate of 1-3% has risen to around 20% globally over the past year due to the COVID-19 epidemic. PTSD affected not only those who fell victim to the disease, but also those who have “merely” witnessed the development and spread of the disease, those who have been placed in preventive quarantine, and healthcare workers who have had the burden of treating the epidemic. Behind the global 20%, an uneven picture emerges. In certain populations and at certain times, the frequency was reported to be much lower (e.g., 8%) or much higher (e.g., 96%), depending on the specifics of the study participants, as well as the place and time of the investigation. Overall, however, the post-epidemic prevalence of PTSD appears to rival that observed in war situations, such as the Vietnam War. The difference is that modern wars mostly affect a small portion of the world’s population, while the COVID-19 epidemic affects almost the entire humanity. Recent events suggest that the epidemic will soon recede. However, the epidemic leaves behind a large number of people who have sustained long-lasting and severe mental injuries - including those who have developed PTSD. Tackling this problem is the task for the future, but it must be prepared in advance. To this end, the study also briefly maps the factors of inborn and acquired resilience in a new network science approach.

The Application of Trauma-Informed Care to Substance Use Disorder

Trauma-informed care (TIC) has been described to apply to several groups of traumatized patient/families in the NICU. Trauma is multidimensional, including physical and psychological injuries with long-term effects on well-being and function. A newborn experiences the best outcomes when the mother also experiences the best outcomes. Thus, the TIC approach is applicable to the care of the infant with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and mother. Organizational adoption of this model is likely to provide a supportive and therapeutic environment for the infant with NAS and family.

Hiring and Employing Wounded and Disabled Veterans

Some members of the military may leave the service with physical and/or psychological injuries or wounds. This chapter offers business leaders and human resource professionals a blueprint for hiring and retaining wounded warriors and veterans with disabilities in civilian organizations by providing an overview of the intersection between disability, veteran status, and employment. It contextualizes the employment picture of this population, addresses misconceptions surrounding their capabilities, and provides employers a road map for how to help them successfully reintegrate into the civilian workforce. The chapter provides guidance on tackling obstacles faced by both employers and veterans throughout the hiring process and addresses and dispels the myths related to job performance. Key issues of disability disclosure and reasonable accommodation are indicated, followed by promising practices for hiring and retaining veterans with disabilities. The chapter concludes by outlining federal laws pertaining to the employment of veterans with disabilities along with additional resources for employers.

The Effectiveness of De-Escalation Techniques as Compared to Physical Restraint/Seclusion on Inpatient Psychiatric Units: A Quantitative Systematic Review

BackgroundRestraint and seclusion were considered a form of treatment but consistently has led to physical and mental injuries to staff and patients. De-escalation has been viewed as a safer option. Understanding which intervention yields decreased injuries, aggression and violence will guide policy and inform practice.ObjectivesTo identify which intervention leads to decreased physical and psychological injury to patients and staff.MethodsThe frequency of physical injuries to patients and staff from aggressive patients; frequency of psychological injuries to patients and staff from violent, aggressive incidents; frequency of violence, agitation and aggression; competence of staff at managing aggression and violence were evaluated.ResultsFourteen studies were included in this review. There are many forms of de-escalation. Studies where techniques were taught to staff, the intervention was effective in decreasing injury in approximately half the studies. De-escalation techniques taught to patients decreased injury in 100% of the studies included in this review.ConclusionConsensus on which intervention works best could not be reached, nor is there overwhelming evidence for a particular type of de-escalation better suited for decreasing aggression and violence. Caution should be exercised when choosing a de-escalation technique for implementation in institutions due to lack of regulating agencies that inform practice and standards. In addition, the literature lacks best practices for de-escalation techniques backed by evidence. Restraint and seclusion should be used as a last resort due to inherent risk associated with the intervention.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF THE NATIONAL TEAM OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE BEFORE THE WORLD CUP

В XXI в. проблема подготовки спортсменов к соревнованиям выходит на новый уровень. Если раньше внимание уделялось только физическому аспекту, то сегодня учитывается и психологическое состояние спортсмена. Тревожность, эмоциональное состояние, мотивация, предстартовый мандраж, «олимпийское спокойствие», состояние потока - это термины, которые используют при работе со спортсменами, и спортивный психолог важен так же, как тренер или врач. Совместная продуктивная работа этих специалистов - залог успешного выступления на соревнованиях. Сбой работы одного ставит под угрозу всю подготовку в целом. Так, психологические барьеры, которые спортсмен не в состоянии преодолеть самостоятельно, ведут к ухудшению результатов, а иногда и к психологическим травмам. Нередко восстановление психического здоровья спортсмена занимает даже больше времени, чем физического. К сожалению, некоторые тренеры и сами атлеты не уделяют должного внимания психологической составляющей тренировочного процесса, особенно в России. В статье сделана попытка рассмотреть уровень психологической подготовки спортсменов сборной команды ФСИН России в период проведения учебно-тренировочных сборов перед чемпионатом мира и доказать, что эмоциональное состояние также важно, как и физическая подготовка. In the twenty-first century, the problem of preparing athletes for competitions is reaching a new level. If earlier attention was paid only to the physical aspect, today, the psychological state of the athlete becomes on a par with the prepared body. Anxiety, emotional state, motivation, pre-start jitters, Olympic calm, state of flow - these are terms that are used when working with athletes, and a sports psychologist is as important as a coach or doctor. All these three components together are the key to successful performance in competitions. The failure of one puts the entire training at risk. Very often this happens because of problems in the head. Psychological barriers that the athlete is not able to overcome on their own lead to poor results, and sometimes to psychological injuries. The recovery of an athlete's mental health may take even longer than the physical one. Unfortunately, some coaches and athletes themselves do not pay enough attention to sports psychology, especially in Russia. The article attempts to examine the level of psychological preparation of athletes of the Russian Federal penitentiary service team during the training camp before the world Cup and prove that emotional state is as important as physical training.

Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship

Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.

Living with Multiple Sclerosis: A Phenomenological Study of Worries, Concern and Psychological Problems in Iranian Patients with MS

Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a progressive and degenerative illness, has an impact on different aspects of individual lives and may lead to difficulties, concerns, and worries in patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate concerns, worries and problems in patients with MS. We used a descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach. Participants were volunteers purposively selected based on their availability. We carried out deep interviews with 15 MS patients and analyzed the detailed information obtained from these interviews by using Colaizzi’s method. We extracted six essential themes and thirty-four sub-themes associated with MS from the content of the interviews. The main themes were labelled “Confronting existential concerns,” “Crisis of facing up with the illness,” “Suffering from the illness,” “Relationship,” “Confrontation with spirituality and religion,” “Searching for tranquility.” Results of the present study also reiterated the following: Patients with MS seem to lose meaning of life and this together with problems in dealing with existential concerns, may lead to the “disintegration of self,” hence resulting in considerable psychological disturbance and distress. It is concluded that the illness evokes psychological injury such as existential anxiety, relationship disturbance and hopelessness, and these psychological injuries can lead to relapsing of MS.

Analysis of Aggressive Behavior in High School Students in The City of Pekanbaru

Aggressive behavior is the fourth leading cause of adolescent death in 2016 (Enopadria, 2018). The effects of aggressive behavior on adolescents include physical injuries, psychological injuries and social injuries. This aggressive behavior is not only in the form of physical aggression but can manifest in other forms such as angry behavior, verbal aggression, and show hostility to others (Hardoni, 2019). The purpose of this study is to analyze the aggressive behavior that occurs in adolescents, especially high school students in the Pekanbaru city. The population in this study were high school students in the city of Pekanbaru. The number of samples of this study were 904 adolescents. The sample technique used is accidental sampling. The research instrument uses the Brief Aggression Questionnaire. The results of a study conducted in 2020 on high school students in Pekanbaru city about aggressive behavior were 42.1% of adolescents showing low aggressive behavior, while another 57.9% showed high aggressive behavior. It is expected that educational sites will activate the PIK-R program at school because this program is expected to be one of the platforms to suppress aggressive behavior that can occur in adolescents or students in Pekanbaru and its surroundings.

Effects of Art Therapy Program on Anxiety and Depression among 6-12-Year-Old Burned Children

INTRODUCTION: There are various ways to relieve physical injuries, but less attention has been dedicated to the treatment of psychological injuries in burned children. AIM: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of art therapy using painting and music on reducing anxiety and depression in burned children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a three-group randomized clinical trial with a pre-test-post-test design that was performed on 60 children aged 6–12 years. The patients were admitted to the Burn Center of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, within 2018 were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups, namely, two intervention (subjected to art and music) and one control group. Ten 45-min-long art therapy sessions were conducted every day. Anxiety was measured with parent-version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, and depression was measured using Maria Kovacs Children’s Depression Inventory Questionnaire. The control group only benefited from the routine services of the center. RESULTS: Before the intervention, the total mean scores of anxiety in the burned children in the painting, music, and control groups were measured at 90.4 ± 5.4, 84.8 ± 6.8, and 77.4 ± 13.8, respectively. However, the total mean scores of anxiety after the intervention in the burned children in the painting, music, and control groups were estimated at 53.3 ± 4.4, 45.9 ± 8.4, and 72.4 ± 12.9, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean of depression total score before the intervention was measured at 38.7 ± 3.4, 32.8 ± 5.4, and 28.9 ± 5.4, for painting, music, and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, the total mean score of depression after the intervention in the painting, music, and control groups was obtained as 29.9 ± 4.0, 19.3 ± 3.8, and 25.2 ± 4.9, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Art therapy using painting and music led to the reduction of anxiety and depression in children with burns; therefore, it is recommended to use the technique for this population.