scholarly journals Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Carmen Luz Barrios ◽  
Carlos Bustos-López ◽  
Carlos Pavletic ◽  
Alonso Parra ◽  
Macarena Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Psychological Injuries ◽  
Animal Bites

Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.

Pattern and Outcome of Dog Bite Injuries among Children-a Study in 200 Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Md Waliur Rahman ◽  
◽  
Md Habibullah Sarkar ◽  
Samir Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md Joynal Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Bite Injuries

Introduction: Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem. Globally, millions of people are bitten by dogs but most of the fatal cases occur in children. Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. As rabies is not a notifiable disease in Bangladesh and most deaths occur in rural areas where surveillance is poor. Objectives: To determine the pattern of dog bite injuries and associated health problems among children. Methods: The study was an observational retrospective study carried out at the Dept. of General Surgery, Chuadanga Sadar Hospital, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. The study reviewed the clinical data of patients managed for dog bite related injuries and rabies over a four and half year period between January 2016 and June 2020. A proforma was designed to extract relevant clinical data from the case records. Information extracted included the age, sex of the victims, site of the bite, time of presentation in the hospital, pre-hospital treatment, hospital treatment including post-exposure prophylaxis and complication. Results: In all, 200 cases of dog bite injuries were managed constituting 0.89% of the total consultations; 5 (2.5%) had rabies. Most of the victims were aged 6-12 years (55.0%) and majority (67.0%) was boys. Eighty two percent of the victims presented within 24hrs of the injury. 92 (46.0%) had WHO grade 3 dog bite injury at presentation and the lower limb was the commonest (56.0%) bite site. Use of herbal preparation was the most common pre-hospital treatment 60%. Although 95.0% received anti-rabies vaccine, only 55.5% of them completed the vaccination schedule. The case fatality rate for dog bite was 5.0%. The 5 that died all presented late, had no post exposure prophylaxis and died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: There is need for public enlightenment on dangers associated with dog bites and also for the government to ensure vaccination for cost of post exposure prophylaxis treatment for children free of cost

scholarly journals Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Dog-bite Wounds: A 5-year Retrospective Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310
Author(s):  
Christine Lee ◽  
Ekaterina Tiourin ◽  
Sawyer Schuljak ◽  
Jonathan Phan ◽  
Theodore Heyming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction: Dog bites are a significant health concern in the pediatric population. Few studies published to date have stratified the injuries caused by dog bites based on surgical severity to elucidate the contributing risk factors. Methods: We used an electronic hospital database to identify all patients ≤17 years of age treated for dog bites from 2013–2018. Data related to patient demographics, injury type, intervention, dog breed, and payer source were collected. We extracted socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey. Data related to dog breed was obtained from public records on dog licenses. We calculated descriptive statistics as well as relative risk of dog bite by breed. Results: Of 1,252 injuries identified in 967 pediatric patients, 17.1% required consultation with a surgical specialist for repair. Bites affecting the head/neck region were most common (61.7%) and most likely to require operating room intervention (P = 0.002). The relative risk of a patient being bitten in a low-income area was 2.24, compared with 0.46 in a high-income area. Among cases where the breed of dog responsible for the bite was known, the dog breed most commonly associated with severe bites was the pit bull (relative risk vs German shepherd 8.53, relative risk vs unknown, 3.28). Conclusion: The majority of injuries did not require repair and were sufficiently handled by an emergency physician. Repair by a surgical specialist was required <20% of the time, usually for bites affecting the head/neck region. Disparities in the frequency and characteristics of dog bites across socioeconomic levels and dog breeds suggest that public education efforts may decrease the incidence of pediatric dog bites.

scholarly journals One-year descriptive analysis of patients treated at an anti-rabies clinic – a retrospective study from Kashmir

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Bashir ◽  
Inaamul Haq ◽  
S Muhammad Salim Khan ◽  
Mariya Amin Qurieshi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem in India in general and Kashmir in particular. Canine rabies is almost non-existent in developed countries and exists mainly in the poorer, low socioeconomic strata of society in the developing world. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics, pattern, and burden of dog bite injuries in the Kashmir valley. Methodology and principal findings Data from Anti-Rabies Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, the summer capital of the state of Jammu & Kashmir, was collated and analyzed. Analysis of records of all the patients who had reported between April 2016 and March 2017 was done. A total of 6172 patients had reported to the Anti-Rabies Clinic for management of animal bites from 1st April 2016 to 31st March 2017. Most of the patients were young males. Almost half (47.7%) of the patients were bitten in the afternoon. Lower limbs were the most common site of bite (71.7%). Most of the bites were of Category III (57.6%) followed by Category II (42.3%); only one case of Category I was recorded. Almost all (98.0%) cases reported being bitten by dogs. Conclusions Category III dog bites on lower limbs are the most common type of animal bites. Children have more chances of a bite on head and neck region. Serious and workable efforts have to be made to reduce the incidence and consequences of animal bites. Author summary In Kashmir, dog bite is an important public health problem. Thousands of people become victims of an animal bite, especially dog bite, and some of them develop rabies. Rabies is an invariably fatal viral disease resulting in approximately 59 000 human deaths per year globally, with 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia. The only way to prevent a rabies death is vaccination of an animal bite victim. In Kashmir, the burden and characteristics of dog bites are not routinely captured by the health system in place. We, therefore, attempted to find out the burden and characteristics of animal bite victims by analyzing one-year data from an Anti-Rabies Clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. We found that 98% of the patients registered at the clinic during the period were victims of a dog bite. The victims were mostly young males but females and children were not shown any mercy either. Lower limbs were the most favorite site of the bite. Our analysis of the data also revealed that children under 15 years were more prone to a bite in the head and neck region. We concluded that the burden of animal bites, especially dog bites, is huge in Kashmir and recommended that serious efforts directed towards immunizing and decreasing the stray dog population need to be put into practice to decrease the number of animal bite victims and prevent any rabies deaths.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Dog Bites and Rabies within Humans in Srinagar, Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namera Thahaby ◽  
Afzal Hoque Akand ◽  
Abdul Hai Bhat ◽  
Shabeer Ahmed Hamdani ◽  
Mudasir Ali Rather
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Srinagar City ◽  
The City

Open garbage dumps and dog bite are public health impasse in the Kashmir region. In Srinagar city, there are more than 91,000 dogs. It’s making one dog for every 12 citizens. Conversely, there are more than 80,000 dog bites, are reported in the valley. The present study was conceded in Srinagar district. It is solidly colonized with stray dog population perhaps due to mismanagement of garbage. The mounting street dog population is leading increasing fright in the city. The information recorded for Dog bite cases was collected from SMHS. The mainstream victims were males. The majority were bitten in the age group of 30–40. The majority had reported at the same day to the hospital. The time of exposure was evening. The bulk had bites on legs. Category 3 bites were seen with the majority people. The majority receive immunoglobins. Open garbage dumps are a public health impediment and they instigate to stray dogs propagation in Srinagar. Individual’s information should be enhanced and their sanguine attitude might be translated into pertinent practices for preclusion of rabies.

scholarly journals Trends in Poisoning and Bites among Patients Referred to the Limbe Regional Hospital, South-West Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Brice Nkontcheu Kenko ◽  
Anna Ewang Mekone ◽  
Jacob Mugri Ekaineck
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
South West ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Animal Bites

Poisoning is a common public health issue as it affects millions of people in all social levels worldwide. This retrospective cohort study assessed trends in poisoning and bites among patients referred to the Limbe Regional Hospital from the 1st January 2009 to the 31st December 2018 (10 years). After clearance from public health authorities, data was collected from April to July 2019 at the Emergency Ward of the Limbe Regional Hospital from records. The Limbe Regional Hospital received 244 patients from 2009 to 2018 because of poisoning and animal bites. Twelve types of poisons and eight types of bites were recorded. Dog bite (33.20%), snake bite (15.16%) and ingestion of bleaching agent (11.48%) were significantly (p<0.001) more frequent. Based on gender, males (55%) significantly (p<0.01) suffered from more than females (45%). The age of the patient significantly (p<0.001) influenced the frequency of poisons and bites as patients under 30 years old were the most affected group. The occupation of the patient significantly (p<0.001) influenced the frequency of poisoning and bites with a high percentage occurring in unemployed patients (67.21%). The number of cases significantly changed according to seasonality. While a few cases (7%) occurred under unknown circumstances, accidental cases (80%) were significantly (p<0.001) higher than suicide attempts (13%). This study raises awareness of poisoning and bites, and stresses on the importance of the safekeeping of toxic compounds, respecting prescribed drugs doses, being careful when dealing with animals and the need to create psychological and poison management centers in Cameroon.

scholarly journals A study on dog bite incidence in Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
V. Khan ◽  
D. B. Zala ◽  
K. M. Joshi ◽  
V.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Union Territory

The injuries caused by dog bites have grown to such epidemic proportions that they are now considered a major public health concern. The epidemiology of dog bites in the UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli has been evaluated, for the year 2012. This assessment included victims age, sex, biting site and season of the year. During the study, a total of 938 dog bites, were reported from aforesaid place. Of all the dog bites reported, 39.6% victim belonged to age group upto 0-15 year (children) and 60.4% were more than 15 years old (adults). The majority of the incidents 40.8% occurred during the pre monsoon period (1-20 weeks). There was no case of rabies. There is a need to educate the public about the magnitude of dog-bite problems, enforce leash laws and impound stray dogs as an integral part of prevention programs.

scholarly journals Animal bite cases in western Maharashtra, India: a retrospective study 2010-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Vishwanath ◽  
S. S. Rajderkar ◽  
T. V. Sangrulkar ◽  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
R. I. Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Animal Bites

Background: India has one of the highest numbers of cases of rabies in world. Animal bites in humans are an important public health problem. Dog bites in humans are a complex problem embracing public health and animal welfare, both in developed and developing nations.Methods: Cross-sectional record based study carried out in anti rabies clinic of Government Medical College, Miraj (1 November – 31 December, 2016).Results: Majority of victims were males and age of patient was 15-65 years, major site of bite was lower limb (58.6%). Numbers of cases were of category III bite (81.3%) and (16.4%) were of category II bite, (2.3%) cases were of category I.Conclusions: The persistence of dog bites as public health problem in Miraj and data entered into the case records of the patients was complete.

scholarly journals Insights about the Epidemiology of Dog Bites in a Canadian City Using a Dog Aggression Scale and Administrative Data

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Melanie Rock ◽  
Olivia Schmidtz ◽  
Doug Anderson ◽  
Melissa Parkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The City ◽  
Bite Injuries

Dog bites are a public health concern that also implicates animal welfare, with negative outcomes such as rehoming or euthanasia for the animals responsible. Previous research has shown that the severity of dog-bite injuries reflects multiple factors, including the degree of inhibition exhibited by dogs and how people behave towards dogs. This study utilizes an objective dog bite injury assessment tool: The Dunbar aggression scale. Trained officers employed by The City of Calgary systematically use the Dunbar scale whenever investigating dog-bite complaints. We analyzed The City of Calgary’s administrative data on confirmed dog-bite injuries in people, 2012–2017, with a multivariable generalized ordered logistic regression model. Severe dog-bite injuries occurred more frequently in the family home than in any other setting. Young children, youths and older adults were at higher risk of more serious bites than adults. There has been a decreasing trend in the probability of a high or medium severity bite, and an increasing trend in the probability of a low severity bite since 2012. These results indicate that greater public awareness regarding dog-bite injuries is needed. Consideration should be given to campaigns targeted towards different demographics, including older adults, to provide an understanding of dog behaviour and to emphasize the need to supervise children closely in the presence of all dogs at all times, including family dogs in the home environment. Given that dog-bite injuries are not just a public health issue, but also an animal welfare issue, we endorse One Health responses in educational campaigns, policy development, and professional practice.

scholarly journals Paediatric emergency department dog bite attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic: an audit at a tertiary children’s hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001040
Author(s):  
John S P Tulloch ◽  
Simon Minford ◽  
Vicky Pimblett ◽  
Matt Rotheram ◽  
Robert M Christley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Child Exposure ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Paediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Paediatric Emergency

BackgroundResponses to the COVID-19 pandemic include strict public health measures, such as national lockdowns. During these measures, paediatric emergency department attendances have declined and the prevalence of presenting complaints has changed. This study sought to identify whether dog bite attendance and victim demographics changed during COVID-19 public health measures.MethodsAn audit was conducted of emergency department attendance data from a UK tertiary paediatric hospital between January 2016 and September 2020. Dog bite attendance and victim demographics were explored using χ2 tests and multivariable Poisson regression. The mean monthly percentage of attendance due to dog bites in 2020 was compared against predicted percentages based on previous years’ data.ResultsDog bite attendance rose in conjunction with the introduction of COVID-19 public health measures and reached a peak in July 2020 (44 dog bites, 1.3% of all attendances were due to dog bites). This was a threefold increase in dog bite attendance. By September 2020, attendance had returned to normal. The demographic profile of child dog bite victims remained the same. Boys had the highest attendance rates in 7–12 year-olds, girls in 4–6 year-olds. Girls showed higher attendance rates in the summer, while boys’ attendance rates were constant throughout the year. COVID-19 public health measures were associated with a 78% increase in attendance for boys and a 66% increase in girls.ConclusionsCOVID-19 national public health measures were associated with an increase in paediatric emergency department dog bite attendance, and may be due to increased child exposure to dogs via ‘stay at home’ orders and school closures. National lockdowns are likely to continue globally throughout the COVID-19 pandemic; this is likely to result in more dog bites. Urgent public health communication and injury prevention strategies are needed to help prevent these avoidable injuries.

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