THE DIFFERENCE OF WEIGHT GAIN IN 5 CONTRACEPTIVE GROUPS IN PUSKESMAS DUPAK SURABAYA AREA

Background: Weight gain is one of the predominantly problem for women who’s in childbearing age. Weight gain that occurs at women in childbearing age is often associated with contraceptive use. One type of contraception that affects weight gain is the hormonal contraception. Lerning the weight gain from each use of contraception is important as a consideration for the family planning program. Methods: This research method was observational analytic with cross-sectional design. Sample size was 136 respondents and the sampling technique used total sampling. The independent variable is the type of contraception includes 1 month injection contraception, 3 month injection contraception, implant contraception, combined pill contraception, and copper T. IUD contraception. The dependent variable is the weight gain. Data was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The results showed that 120 respondents from 5 contraceptive groups experienced weight gain after using contraception. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test were obtained at value of P <0.0001 (p <0.05). that there are differencea in weight gain in 5 groups of contraception. Conclusion: there are difference in weight gain from each contraceptive groups and the contraception that most influences weight gain is 3 months injection contraception.

Penggemukan sapi menggunakan pakan tanpa hijauan (complete feed) di era pandemi covid-19 (Fattening of beef cattle using green-free feed (complete feed) in the era of the covid-19 pandemic)

ABSTRACT Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah (PPPUD) ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan berat badan berbagai jenis sapi menggunakan pakan tanpa hijauan dan growth promotor di era pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pada UMKM penggemukan sapi potong. Hal ini diperlukan guna mengetahui jenis sapi yang peningkatan berat badannya paling baik. Metode pengumpulan data pada PPPUD ini adalah dengan wawancara/kuesioner, pembuatan pakan tanpa hijauan, growth promotor serta fermentor. Pakan hasil PPPUD diaplikasikan pada 5 jenis sapi potong yaitu sapi lokal, sapi peranakan ongole, sapi madura, sapi peranakan Limousin dan sapi peranakan Simental. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Pebruari – hingga bulan Juni 2021. Hasil dari PPPUD ini adalah meningkatkan SDM peternak sapi potong dalam pengolahan pakan tanpa hijauan, growth promotor dan fermentor, jenis sapi potong yang peningkatan berat badannya bagus. Ditemukan permasalahan di era pandemi COVID-19 terhadap peternak sapi potong yaitu sumber daya manusia dalam pengolahan pakan tanpa hijauan guna menekan biaya produksi dan mengantisipasi kemarau berkepanjangan. Langkah pemerintah dapat mengambil keputusan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut seperti pemberian bantuan modal usaha, penangguhan pembayaran pinjaman, hingga mendampingi peternak sapi potong.. Kesimpulan kegiatan ini adalah pengolahan pakan tanpa hijauan, growth promotor dan feremntor di era pandemi COVID-19 guna menekan biaya produksi.serta pemasaran ternak secara daring dengan pembayaran secara nontunai. Sapi peranakan Limousin dan peranakan Simental mempunyai peningkatan berat badan yang baik dibandingkan sapi lokal, sapi peranakan ongole dan sapi madura. Keywords: complete feed, tape jerami, growth promotor, sapi potong ABSTRACT The Regional Superior Product Development Program (RSPD)) aims to determine the increase in body weight of various types of cattle using feed without forage and growth promoters in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in beef cattle fattening SMEs. This is necessary to determine the type of cow with the best weight gain. Data collection methods at RSPD are by interview/questionnaire, making feed without forage, growth promoter and fermenter. The feed from RSPD was applied to 5 types of beef cattle, namely local cattle, Ongole crossbreeds, Madura cattle, Limousin crossbreeds and Simmental crossbreeds. This activity is carried out from February – until June 2021. The result of this RSPD is to increase the human resources of beef cattle breeders in processing feed without forage, growth promoters and fermenters, types of beef cattle with good weight gain. Problems were found in the COVID-19 pandemic era for beef cattle farmers, namely human resources in processing feed without forage in order to reduce production costs and anticipate prolonged droughts. The government's steps can take decisions to overcome these problems, such as providing business capital assistance, deferring loan payments, to assisting beef cattle farmers. The conclusion of this activity is the processing of feed without forage, growth promoters and fermentors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to reduce production costs. and online marketing of livestock with non-cash payments. Limousin and Simental crossbreeds had good weight gain compared to local cattle, Ongole crossbreeds and Madura cattle. Keywords: complete feed, straw tape, growth promoter, Beef cattle

Increased livestock weight gain from improved water quality in farm dams: A cost-benefit analysis

Access to water is a critical aspect of livestock production, although the relationship between livestock weight gain and water quality remains poorly understood. Previous work has shown that water quality of poorly managed farm dams can be improved by fencing and constructing hardened watering points to limit stock access to the dam, and revegetation to filter contaminant inflow. Here we use cattle weight gain data from three North American studies to develop a cost-benefit analysis for the renovation of farm dams to improve water quality and, in turn, promote cattle weight gain on farms in south-eastern Australia. Our analysis indicated a strong likelihood of positive results and suggested there may be substantial net economic benefit from renovating dams in poor condition to improve water quality. The average per-farm Benefit-Cost Ratios based on deterministic assumptions was 1.5 for New South Wales (NSW) and 3.0 for Victoria in areas where rainfall exceeds 600mm annually. Our analyses suggested that cattle on farms in NSW and Victoria would need to experience additional weight gain from switching to clean water of at least 6.5% and 1.8% per annum respectively, to break even in present value terms. Monte Carlo simulation based on conservative assumptions indicated that the probability of per-farm benefits exceeding costs was greater than 70%. We recommend localised experiments to assess the impact of improved water quality on livestock weight gain in Australian conditions to confirm these expectations empirically.

The Optimal Valine to Lysine Ratio for Performance Parameters in Weaned Piglets

The optimal digestible (d) Valine (Val) to d Lysine (Lys) ratio (dVal:dLys) in weaned piglets was determined using two different regression models. A total of 200 piglets were allotted to five feeding groups and fed a corn-soybean meal based basal diet supplemented with consecutive increasing amounts of crystalline L-valine in order to reach dVal:dLys of 0.59, 0.63, 0.67, 0.71, 0.75 in the pre-starter (0–13 days) and 0.57, 0.62, 0.66, 0.70, 0.75 in the starter phase (13–43 days). In the starter phase and during the whole period, supplementing the basal diet with L-valine resulted in an improvement in body weight gain and feed intake. An exponential asymptotic (EA) and a curvilinear-plateau (CLP) regression model were fit to feed intake and body weight gain data. The estimated dVal:dLys for body weight gain was found to be 0.68 (EA, 95% of maximum response) and 0.67 (CLP) in the starter phase and 0.65 (EA, 95% of maximum response and CLP) in the total trial period. It is concluded that the supplementation of a valine-deficient basal diet for weaned piglets with L-valine improves the piglet’s weight gain and feed intake and that a dVal:dLys of 0.68 is recommended to optimize body weight gain.

Cardiometabolic Morbidity and Mortality with Smoking Cessation, Review of Recommendations for People with Diabetes and Obesity

Purpose of Review Obesity is closely linked with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and whilst smoking cessation is associated with weight gain, there are concerns that this weight gain may offset the benefit of CVD risk reduction especially in those with considerable post-cessation weight gain. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate recent evidence on smoking cessation and cardiometabolic outcomes and discuss limitations of current knowledge and studies. Recent Findings Nicotine is a key player in modulating energy balance by influencing lipid storage in adipose tissue by affecting lipolysis, energy input by modulating appetite and energy output by increasing sympathetic drive and thermogenesis. It also increases insulin resistance and promotes abdominal obesity. The CVD risk and mortality associated with cigarette smoking potentiate the CVD risks in patients with diabetes. Evidence supports the benefit of quitting cigarette smoking regardless of any subsequent weight gain. Data suggests that the cardiometabolic risk is limited to the first few years and that cardiovascular health and mortality benefit of smoking cessation outweighs the harm related to weight gain. This weight gain can be limited by nicotine replacement of which e-cigarettes (vaping) are increasingly popular if it is not an alternative to cigarette smoking. However, long-term health data on e-cigarettes is needed prior to formal recommendation for its use in smoking cessation. Summary The recommendation for cessation of cigarette smoking is justified for those at high risk of weight gain and diabetes. However, for most benefit, consideration should be given for personalized weight management to limit weight gain. Awareness of a ‘lean paradox’ by which lower weight is associated with increased CVD risk may help to improve motivation and insight into the bias of smoking, health and body composition otherwise known to epidemiologists as the ‘obesity paradox’.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH RATE AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFECTION IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS ON WEST PAPUA

Malnutrition is still a significant problem in the world and in Indonesia. Among the factors underlying it, the role of growth faltering is often underestimated. Considering infection as a factor that affects growth and that Indonesia is endemic to various different infectious diseases, to understand its role, a study on infants is conducted using using longitudinal study design in the Sumuri District, Bintuni Bay Regency, West Papua Province. A total of 138 children aged 6 months to 5 years is followed for 6 months in February to August 2014. Weight gain data and frequency of infection is collected, with the infections divided into four category of disease: upper respiratory tract infection, skin infection, gastroenteritis, and malaria. These data are gathered by Puskesmas daily and monthly records followed by home visit. This study found that the prevalence of malnutrition for the area covered by Puskesmas Tanah Merah is 15.9% for moderate malnutrition and 2.9% for severe malnutrition, with the mean SD value in the beginning of the study -1.15 and at the end of study -1.12, with the difference of SD value calculated as weight gain. Total incidence of infections and mean duration of each infection is then compiled and calculated with weight gain data using linear regression method statistical test to understand the difference of role of each infection to weight gain. The result of the study shows that gastroenteritis has a significant negative effect to weight gain and upper respiratory tract infection has a negative effect to weight gain on children in the villages handled by Puskesmas Tanah Merah West Papua.

Growth, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed Bt corn or non-transgenic corn

Two experiments (exp. 1 and exp. 2, respectively) were conducted to compare performance, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed diets containing Bt 11 (Bt) or control corn (C: non-transgenic inbred lines for exp. 1, and a non-transgenic isoline for exp. 2). Experiment 1 involved barrows and gilts (total n = 64; initial BW = 64 kg and 60 kg), while in exp. 2, 120 barrows were used (initial BW = 17 kg). Pigs were allocated to pens, blocked by sex and BW. Isocaloric, isolysinic diets contained an indigestible marker in exp. 1. Feed disappearance and weight gain data, and excreta samples were collected weekly in exp. 1. Feed disappearance and weight gain data were collected weekly in exp. 2. No difference in ADG was observed, however, feed efficiency was greater for pigs fed the C diet. No corn effects were observed for hot carcass weight, loin eye area, or backfat depth. Hunter color ‘b’ values and values for chroma were significantly greater for pigs fed C diets (P = 0.02, < 0.01, respectively) in exp. 1. In contrast, Hunter color ‘b’ values were significantly lower for pigs fed C diets (P = 0.05) in exp. 2. No corn effects were observed for proximate analyses of meat samples, N or P content of fecal and urine samples, nor N digestibility. Pigs fed C diets had greater apparent P digestibility (57.8% vs. 40.2%; P < 0.0001). Key words: Bt corn, animal performance, excretion