scholarly journals Growth, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed Bt corn or non-transgenic corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Custodio ◽  
W. J. Powers ◽  
E. Huff-Lonergan ◽  
M. A. Faust ◽  
Jeff Stein
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bt Corn ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Total N ◽  
B Values ◽  
P Content ◽  
Weight Gain Data ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Two experiments (exp. 1 and exp. 2, respectively) were conducted to compare performance, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed diets containing Bt 11 (Bt) or control corn (C: non-transgenic inbred lines for exp. 1, and a non-transgenic isoline for exp. 2). Experiment 1 involved barrows and gilts (total n = 64; initial BW = 64 kg and 60 kg), while in exp. 2, 120 barrows were used (initial BW = 17 kg). Pigs were allocated to pens, blocked by sex and BW. Isocaloric, isolysinic diets contained an indigestible marker in exp. 1. Feed disappearance and weight gain data, and excreta samples were collected weekly in exp. 1. Feed disappearance and weight gain data were collected weekly in exp. 2. No difference in ADG was observed, however, feed efficiency was greater for pigs fed the C diet. No corn effects were observed for hot carcass weight, loin eye area, or backfat depth. Hunter color ‘b’ values and values for chroma were significantly greater for pigs fed C diets (P = 0.02, < 0.01, respectively) in exp. 1. In contrast, Hunter color ‘b’ values were significantly lower for pigs fed C diets (P = 0.05) in exp. 2. No corn effects were observed for proximate analyses of meat samples, N or P content of fecal and urine samples, nor N digestibility. Pigs fed C diets had greater apparent P digestibility (57.8% vs. 40.2%; P < 0.0001). Key words: Bt corn, animal performance, excretion

The effects of sodium gluconate and microbial phytase on performance and mineral utilisation in broiler chicks

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Günal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sodium Gluconate ◽  
P Content ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Tibia Ash

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium gluconate and microbial phytase (MP) (Natuphos 1000G) supplementation of diets on performance, mineral retention and bone mineralisation in male broiler chicks from a day old to 21 days of age. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomised design with a 3 by 2 factorial arrangement (0, 2 and 4% sodium gluconate and 0 and 750 U MP/kg diet). Diets were formulated with deficient contents of available phosphorus (aP) (2.4 g/kg). Ten replicate cages of four chicks per replicate cage were fed experimental diets. MP supplementation of diets with deficient contents of aP significantly improved weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency (P < 0.01). The performance results were similar in birds fed the diets without sodium gluconate and the diets with 2% sodium gluconate. However, the dietary inclusion of sodium gluconate at 4% depressed (P < 0.05) the growth of broiler chickens compared with the diet without sodium gluconate. Compared with the diets supplemented with 2% sodium gluconate, the diets supplemented with 4% sodium gluconate decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain and increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. MP supplementation increased (P < 0.01) Ca, P, Mg, Zn retention, and tibia ash, Ca and P contents in tibia ash. Diets with sodium gluconate increased (P < 0.05) P and Zn retention. Diets containing sodium gluconate without phytase increased (P < 0.05) Mg retention and P content in tibia ash. The diet with 2% sodium gluconate without phytase also increased (P < 0.05) Ca retention. The dietary inclusion of sodium gluconate at 2% improved (P < 0.05) tibia ash and Ca content in tibia ash. Sodium gluconate and MP had significant interactions in Ca and Mg retention (P < 0.01), and P content (P < 0.05) in tibia ash. In conclusion, the results indicated that phytase and sodium gluconate supplementation of corn–soybean meal low AP diets increased Ca, P, Mg and Zn mineral retention and bone mineralisation in chicks. The addition of MP improved the performance. However, the supplementation of diets with 4% sodium gluconate depressed the performance.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TREATING FABA BEANS WITH FORMALDEHYDE OR VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CALVES AND FISTULATED SHEEP

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Total N ◽  
Faba Beans

Twenty-four Holstein calves were allotted to three pelleted diets containing 8.4% soybean meal (SBM) or 18% faba beans treated with water or formaldehyde (FA) to determine the influence on animal performance of reducing the solubility of the faba bean protein. A 1:5 dilution of commercial formalin (37% FA) was applied to the ground faba beans to supply 1.5 g FA/100 g protein. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in dry matter (DM) intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency among calves fed the three diets for 84 days; but FA treatment of the faba beans tended to improve the daily weight gain and feed efficiency of calves compared with diets containing SBM or water (W)-treated faba beans. FA treatment depressed (P > 0.05) the blood urea N and rumen fluid ammonia N of the calves. Apparent digestibilities of DM, crude protein (CP) and energy, as measured with mature sheep, were not statistically different (P > 0.05) among the three diets. Three sheep fitted with cannulas in the abomasum and ileum were fed diets containing faba beans treated with W, FA or volatile fatty acids (VFA) (57% acetic acid and 39% propionic acid). A slight depression (P > 0.05) in apparent digestibility of CP was observed when FA or VFA-treated faba beans were fed compared to W-faba beans. VFA treatment tended to increase the N retention by sheep compared with W-faba or FA-faba. A significant reduction (P < 0.05) in blood urea and rumen fluid ammonia 1 h after feeding was observed in sheep receiving the FA-faba diet compared with other diets. FA and VFA treatments increased the flow of DM, total N and protein N through the abomasum of sheep compared with W-faba bean diet.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHIONINE AND LYSINE ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HICKLING ◽  
W. GUENTER ◽  
M. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

An experiment was conducted with 3840 male Ross × Arbor Acres broiler chicks to test the effects of increasing dietary methionine and lysine on performance and breast meat yield. Supplemental methionine and lysine were fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in both starter (0–3 wk) and finisher (3–6 wk) diets. Methionine was fed at levels of NRC and 112% NRC. Lysine was fed at levels of NRC and 106% NRC, 112% NRC and 118% NRC. Increasing dietary methionine increased weight gain (P < 0.01), feed efficiency (P < 0.01) from 3 to 6 wk, and breast meat yield (P < 0.01) at 6 wk. Increasing dietary lysine caused a curvilinear response in breast meat yield (P < 0.05). Key words: Broiler, lysine, methionine, breast meat

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls that had previously been given 0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 or 4·8 kg/head/day rice bran plus ad libitum elephant grass were slaughtered after 161 days feeding. Abdominal depot fat, full and empty reticulo-rumen and cold carcass weights were recorded. Various carcass variables were measured and the 9–10–11 rib joints were dissected into bone, muscle and fat. Carcass gross energy was calculated from rib-fat content using previously determined regression equations. Feed efficiency was expressed in terms of the ratios of live-weight gain or carcass-energy accretion to metabolizable energy available for growth.Increasing supplementation with rice bran resulted in larger abdominal fat depots, higher dressing percentages, increased carcass fatness (and hence carcass gross energy) and improved rib muscle to bone ratios. Carcass conformation was unaffected by dietary treatment. When feed efficiency was expressed per unit live-weight gain, there was a decrease with increasing rice-bran feeding. Feed efficiency, expressed per unit of carcass energy accretion, improved with rice-bran supplementation and was generally higher in buffalo than in Ongole bulls. Dietary and species differences in feed efficiency could be primarily explained by the differential energy cost of deposition of, and the availability of energy from, carcass protein and lipid.

scholarly journals PSXII-22 Genomic prediction accuracy for feed efficiency related traits using different pseudo-phenotypes, prediction and validation methods in Nellore cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
Cláudio U Magnabosco ◽  
Fernando Lopes ◽  
Valentina Magnabosco ◽  
Raysildo Lobo ◽  
Leticia Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Validation Population ◽  
Nellore Cattle

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate prediction methods, validation approaches and pseudo-phenotypes for the prediction of the genomic breeding values of feed efficiency related traits in Nellore cattle. It used the phenotypic and genotypic information of 4,329 and 3,594 animals, respectively, which were tested for residual feed intake (RFI), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), residual body weight gain (RG), and residual intake and body weight gain (RIG). Six prediction methods were used: ssGBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesCπ, BLASSO, and BayesR. Three validation approaches were used: 1) random: where the data was randomly divided into ten subsets and the validation was done in each subset at a time; 2) age: the division into the training (2010 to 2016) and validation population (2017) were based on the year of birth; 3) genetic breeding value (EBV) accuracy: the data was split in the training population being animals with accuracy above 0.45; and validation population those below 0.45. We checked the accuracy and bias of genomic value (GEBV). The results showed that the GEBV accuracy was the highest when the prediction is obtained with ssGBLUP (0.05 to 0.31) (Figure 1). The low heritability obtained, mainly for FE (0.07 ± 0.03) and FCR (0.09 ± 0.03), limited the GEBVs accuracy, which ranged from low to moderate. The regression coefficient estimates were close to 1, and similar between the prediction methods, validation approaches, and pseudo-phenotypes. The cross-validation presented the most accurate predictions ranging from 0.07 to 0.037. The prediction accuracy was higher for phenotype adjusted for fixed effects than for EBV and EBV deregressed (30.0 and 34.3%, respectively). Genomic prediction can provide a reliable estimate of genomic breeding values for RFI, DMI, RG and RGI, as to even say that those traits may have higher genetic gain than FE and FCR.

Relationship between meat colour and feed efficiency in pigs

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Osińska ◽  
J. Kielanowski
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
The Relationship

Data from Danish Progeny Testing Stations were used to investigate the relationship between the colour of meat and feed efficiency in pigs. For groups slaughtered during the summer there was a highly significant correlation. As the amount of feed consumed per unit live-weight gain declined so the meat became paler. For groups slaughtered in winter and for data pooled over the whole year, there was no significant correlation. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Precipitation effects on soil characteristics in tropical rain forests of the Chocó biogeographical region

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 7813-7823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harley Quinto Mosquera ◽  
Flavio Moreno Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Total N ◽  
P Content ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Average annual precipitation (AAP) is one of the principal environmental factors that regulates processes in terrestrial ecosystems. The effect of AAP on the availability of edaphic nutrients is poorly understood, especially in tropical zones with high rainfall. In order to evaluate the effects of high AAP on the availability of soil N, P, and K, physicochemical parameters were measured in soils of three tropical rainforests in the Chocó biogeographical region with different AAPs (7,500, 8,000, and 10,000 mm yr-1). Furthermore, a bibliographical review was carried out that including studies for distinct tropical Ultisols and AAP ranging from 1,800 to 10,000 mm yr-1. The evaluated soils presented extreme acidity with high contents of Al, organic matter (OM) and total N, and low quantities of P, Mg, and Ca. The K concentrations were intermediate and the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was low. On the other hand, in the evaluation of the influence of the AAP on the availability of N, P, and K in the soil, contrasting tendencies were observed. On one side, a positive curvilinear relationship was found between the availability of N and the increase in the AAP. On the other side, the available P content significantly decreased with increasing AAP. In conclusion, the excessive AAP resulted in increases in total N and low availability of P, thereby altering the dynamics of the nutrients and the carbon balance of the tropical forest

scholarly journals PERFORMANS BURUNG PUYUH (Coturnix-Coturnix Japonica) FASE GROWER YANG DIBERIKAN TEPUNG MANURE HASIL DEGRADASI LARVA LALAT HITAM (H. illucensL.) MENGGANTIKAN TEPUNG IKAN DALAM RANSUM

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Yasmira Wenda ◽  
H.J. Manangkot ◽  
J.L.P. Saerang ◽  
Cherlie L. K. Sarajar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Fly Larvae

QUAIL (Coturnix-Coturnix Japonica) GROWER PERFORMANCE SUPPLIED WITH MANURE FLOUR DEGRADED BY BLACK FLY LARVAE (H.ILLUCENS L.) TO REPLACE FISH MEAL. This study aims to determine the manure yield of black fly larvae replacing fish meal in the quail feed of the grower phase. The materials used in this study were 100 unsexed quails, 3 weeks old; the dimension of cage was 40 x 40 x 20 cm. The quails were arranged randomly in each unit. The study was realized by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were R0 = 0% degraded manure flour (MHD); R1 = 4% MHD flour; R2 = 8% MHD flour; R3 = 12% MHD flour. The research variables consisted of ration consumption, body weight gain and feed efficiency. The results obtained showed that treatments provide a very significant influence (P <0.01) on ration consumption. Body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significant different (P> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that MHD flour up to the 12% level can be used in quail rations replacing fish meal. Keywords: Quail, MHD, Fish meal.

Selection for feed efficiency traits and correlated genetic responses in feed intake and weight gain of Nellore cattle1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Grion ◽  
M. E. Z. Mercadante ◽  
J. N. S. G. Cyrillo ◽  
S. F. M. Bonilha ◽  
E. Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genetic Responses
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