Relasi Kuasa Dalam Tataniaga Pertanian Komoditas Cabai di Desa Giri Mulyo, Kabupaten Kerinci, Jambi

Giri Mulyo village of West Kayu Ayo district was known as the biggest the biggest chilli-producing village in Kerinci Regency. In addition, this village also produce the commodity of potatoes and other agricultural products such as shallots, cabbage, mustard greens, tomatoes, and other types of vegetables which are marketed to various regions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the commerce and authority relations formed between chilli farmers and chilli merchants. This reseach conducted qualitatively through observation, deep interview and document study to collect desired data. The result of study showed that in terms of commodity price, the farmers were dependant to merchant decision, and in fact they sometimes suffered losses. Moreover, the chilli farmers especially the sharecroppers sold their product to merchants because they had been their old clients. This relation was maintained because the farmers and the sharecroppers usually depended on them in running their farming business. Furthermore, the authority relation formed between the parties was also influenced by factors of culture, farmer’s helplessness, and market situation.

The Power of Emak-Emak: Perempuan dalam Pusaran Kampanye Politik Pemilihan Presiden 2019

This research describe the militancy shown by women in the presidential election at 2019 in Indonesia. This paper aimed to explore women's political participation in presidential elections at 2019. The research approach used Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in the construction of the power of emak-emak (motherhood). The author explored a series of political actions by a group of mothers who were skilled at producing unique song texts and interesting political campaigns as an expression of support for one of the candidates. These findings indicated that the role of women in current general election was increasingly apparent by involved joining creative campaigns, controling government policies, and giving voice of women`s independence. One side of the political activities is a form of democratic maturity phase, but on the other hand cannot be separated from the power and authority relation of the opposition groups.

Authority and International Courts

This chapter considers efforts to assess the authority of international courts. The framework proposed in this book suggests that court authority can be inferred from the behavior of governments and it imagines an ideal-type authority relation by which subjects acquiesce to courts out of respect for their authority. These two constitute a research program that aims to identify changes in behavior that follow from court authority rather than from the interests of the actors. There is a mismatch between the concept of authority and the methodology of content-independent behavioralism. The behavioral approach severs courts from the political motivations of those who create and use them, and directs research away from questions about the political goals that animate international legalization. A more dialogic approach may be useful, that considers the internal perspective of the actor and explores the purposes of these agents to understand why they do the things they do.

THE MEANING OF AUTHORITY RELATION OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE LAND SECTOR ACCORDING TO THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

<p><em>In this study, there are two (2) issues that were examined. First, how the Central Government and Local Government gained authority in the land sector. Second, how the meaning of the relationship of authority of the Central Government and Local Government in the area of land according to the 1945 Constitution, This study uses normative legal research. The results of research are: First, the authority of the Central Government in the land sector is the inherent nature of authority, because as the sole power in a unitary state. In the development of central government authority derived from attributive authority and Local Government authorities in the land sector sourced from attributive authority and discretionary. Second, the meaning of the relationship of authority between the central government and the regional government in the land sector as: (a) the relationship of subordination; (B) the relationship of supervision; and (c) the relationship of responsibility in achieving the objectives of the State.</em></p>

‘Subordination, authority, psychotherapy’

This article explores the history of ‘subordination-authority-relation’ (SAR) psychotherapy, a brand of psychotherapy largely forgotten today that was introduced and practised in inter-war Vienna by the psychiatrist Erwin Stransky (1877–1962). I situate ‘SAR’ psychotherapy in the medical, cultural and political context of the inter-war period and argue that – although Stransky’s approach had little impact on historical and present-day debates and reached only a very limited number of patients – it provides a particularly clear example for the political dimensions of psychotherapy. In the early 20th century, the emerging field of psychotherapy was largely dominated by Freudian psychoanalysis and its Adlerian and Jungian offshoots. Psychotherapists’ relations with academic psychiatry were often uneasy, but the psychodynamic schools succeeded in establishing independent institutions for training and treatment. However, as this article shows, the gulf between mainstream psychiatry and psychotherapy was not as wide as many histories of the psy-disciplines in the early 20th century suggest. In inter-war Vienna, where these conflicts raged most fiercely, Stransky’s ‘SAR’ psychotherapy was intended as an academic psychiatrist’s response to the challenge posed by the emerging competitors. Moreover, Stransky also proposed a political alternative to the existing psychotherapeutic schools. Whereas psychoanalysis was a liberal project, and Adlerian individual psychology was closely affiliated with the socialist movement, ‘SAR’ psychotherapy with its focus on authority, subordination and social hierarchy tried to translate a right-wing, authoritarian understanding of society into a treatment for nervous disorders.

No Third Parties. The Medical Profession Reclaims Authority in Doctor-Patient Relationships

A key aspect of the classic doctor-patient relationship is the idea that doctors exert a professional authority through medical expertise while also taking care of the patient. Some professional organizations have held that “no third parties” should come between doctor and patient, be it governments or corporations. The sanctity of medical authority has also met resistance, and doctors are often said to face more demanding patients today with their own information about diagnoses. This article concerns how the medical profession reacts faced with challenged authority. Do they seek to reestablish a classic authority position or develop an alternative relationship with citizens? The analysis compares approximately 1.000 editorials in American, British and Danish medical journals from 1950 to the present. The analysis shows that all medical professions see their authority challenged by third parties, but some react defensively while others try to rethink the authority relation between professionals and citizens.

RECONSTRUCTION THE PATTERNS OF AUTHORITY RELATIONS BETWEEN HEAD OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND SECRETARY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON PROMOTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS

The pattern of the authority relation between head of local government and Secretary of local government in the promotion of Civil Servants lead into two pattern which are sub-ordination and coordination. Normatively, the position of Secretary is subordinate from Head of local government. Meanwhile, the pattern of coordination is a tiered pattern that puts Secretary as officials who provide recommendations of official candidate to Head of local government as the Trustees of the Local Employment Officer.Both of these relation creates superior position of Head of local government in the terms of promotion of civil servants. To create a proportional authority relation, it necessary pre-requisite form of commitment, orientation of human resources and the use of technology. On that basis, a mechanism must be created to limit the authority of the Head of local government by strengthening the system of merit-based technology.Keywords : position, authority, promotion of civil servants

ASTHA BRATA DAN PRANATA MANGSA: ALAM DAN RELASI KUASA DALAM KONTEKS AGRARIA DI JAWA

<p>The presence of the ruler and its authority in people’s daily life is an interesting talk especially when it is related to welfare case. The understanding of the meaning of authority relation is manifested into government leadership practice, which at the same time, is connected to concern on maintaining the balance of nature. Based on the phenomena existence, this writing discusses about the problem of people’s authority relation position as exploitation object by the King in pactice. Does people accept their position and authority relation as necessity since they were born as servant. Or, instead, through people’s resignation accepting their destiny, they become more creative emerging local wisdom and knowledge based on environment. At this same time, people apply work management system called season regulation ‘pranatamangsa’. Pranatamangsa is manifestation of harmonious relation among human being – nature – God. Javanese farmer has faith that, like any other traditional ethnic people, the way God does arrange the nature is through the nature’s sign, as part of cosmological balance.</p><p> </p><p>Kehadiran penguasa dan kekuasaannya dalam keseharian kehidupan rakyatnya adalah hal yang menarik untuk dibicarakan terutama bila dihubungkan dengan kesejahteraan. Pemahaman tentang relasi kuasa di sini adalah yang termanifestasi dalam praktek kepemimpinan pemerintahan, yang pada saat yang sama, tersambung dengan kepedulian untuk menjaga keseimbangan alam. Berdasarkan fenomena yang ada, problematika yang ingin dibahas dalam tulisan berikut ini adalah bagaimana relasi kuasa rakyat yang dalam prakteknya diposisikan sebagai obyek eksploitasi oleh Raja. Adakah rakyat menerimanya sebagai sebuah keniscayaan atas kelahiran mereka sebagai kawula. Ataukah justru dalam kepasrahan menerima garis nasib mereka justru menjadi lebih kreatif dengan memunculkan kearifan dan pengetahuan lokal berbasis lingkungan. Pada saat sama, dalam masyarakat berlaku sistem pengaturan kerja yang disebut pranata mangsa. Pranata mangsa merupakan wujud harmonisasi hubungan antara manusia-lingkungan alam-dan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Keyakinan petani Jawa, dan masyarakat tradisional pada etnis lain, adalah bentuk keyakinan atas cara Tuhan bekerja mengatur alam melalui tanda-tanda alam, sebagai bagian dari keseimbangan kosmologis.</p><p> </p>