A Comparative Study of Biocompatibility in Rat Connective Tissue of a New Mineral Trioxide Compound (Theracal) versus MTA and a Bioactive G3 Glass

The aim of this paper was to assess the differences in tissue response to implantation during 15, 30 and 45 days in the subcutaneous connective tissue of Wistar rats from three biomaterials: Angelus MTA®, Theracal LC®, and Angelus MTA® to which 25% bioglass G3 was added. Twenty-four Wistar rats were used, the materials were inserted into the rat’s dorsal area in silicone tubes 5 mm long by 1.5 mm diameter. Histological reaction was assessed at 15, 30, and 45 days after implantation. They were then stained with hematoxylin eosin and evaluated by two observers. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney’s U test was used to determine the association between variables. Angelus MTA induced the formation of dystrophic calcifications twice as much as Theracal LC (p < 0.05). The addition of G3 did not affect the greater or lesser occurrence of calcifications (p > 0.05). Theracal LC and MTA plus G3 caused an inflammatory reaction, which was chronic at 15 days and decreased in intensity, almost disappearing after 45 days. Theracal LC, as well as Angelus MTA plus G3, were well tolerated when implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rat. Histologically, no inconvenience was found for the use by direct contact of Theracal LC, and the mixture of MTA with 25% bioactive glass G3, in the tissue of Wistar rats.

Skin fibroblasts' alteration after Acupuncture on LI11 in Rabbits with bacteria endotoxin induced fever

Objectives: To study the mechanism of acupuncture manipulation (AM) based on the secretion function and morphological variation of fibroblasts in acupoint region.<br/> Methods: 40 rabbits were randomly divided to normal group (N), model group (M), needle retaining group (A), and acupuncture manipulation group (AM), each group consist of 10 rabbits. The animal model of Rabbits with Bacterium Endotoxin Induced Fever (BEIF) was established by intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin. Groups A and AM were treated with 'Qu Chi'(LI11) acupuncture after modeling, and acupuncture manipulations were conducted in group AM. The serum heat factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α content were assayed conducted in group AM. The serum heat factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α content were assayed by Elisa after acupuncturet; the morphological changes of fibroblasts in acupoint area were observed by Vimentin staining; the fibroblasts of subcutaneous connective tissue in acupoint area were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the contents of PEG2, NO and ATP in supernatant were assayed.<br/> Results: There was no significant difference in fibroblasts cytomorphology among groups M, A, and N. Fibroblasts in group AM were stretched and aligned in almost one direction. Comparing with group N, the content of serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly higher in group M, along with higher NO and ATP content in the cell culture supernant; Comparing with group M, content of IL-6 and TNF-α was lower in group A, content of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was higher in group AM, along with higher PEG2, NO and ATP content in both groups, while group AM demonstrated more significant changes in the above indicators than group A.<br/> Conclusion: Acupuncture had therapeutic effects on BEIF rabbits, the application of acupuncture manipulation can further improve its therapeutic effects. The mechanism may be related to the influence on fibroblasts cytomorphology in acupoint region and facilitation of fibroblasts-derived PEG2, NO, and ATP, which together promote the acupoint vitality.

Reactions of Subcutaneous Connective Tissue to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine®, and a Newly Developed BioACTIVE Base/Liner

Aim. There is an increasing interest in the application of BioACTIVE materials to achieve hard tissue formation and maintain pulp vitality. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine® are BioACTIVE materials used for pulp capping. Recently, dental researchers have produced BioACTIVE glass-incorporated light-curable pulp capping material. The study is aimed at evaluating the subcutaneous connective tissue reactions to MTA, Biodentine®, ACTIVA BioACTIVE Base/Liner. These materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. The presence of inflammation, predominant cell type, calcification, and thickness of fibrous connective tissue was recorded by histological examination 7, 30, and 60 days after the implantation procedure. Scores were defined as follows: 0 = none or few inflammatory cells, no reaction; 1 = <25 cells, mild reaction; 2 = 25 to 125 cells, moderate reaction; and 3 = ≥125 cells, severe reaction. Fibrous capsule thickness, necrosis, and formation of calcification were recorded. ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s tests were used for statistically analyses (p<0.05). Results. In terms of oedema, inflammation, fibrous capsule, and necrosis, no significant differences were found in any time period for any material. MTA and Biodentine® showed higher calcification than in the ACTIVA BioACTIVE on day 30, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). After 60 days, while calcification was not seen in the control group, it was observed in the test groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the control and the others. Conclusion. All materials were well tolerated by the tissues in the 60-day evaluation period. One notable finding is the presence of dystrophic calcification in the connective tissue adjacent to the newly developed BioACTIVE Base/Liner material. Therefore, this new BioACTIVE Base/Liner material may be safely recommended to clinicians as a pulp capping material.

Tissue Response after Subcutaneous Implantation of Different Glass Ionomer-Based Cements

The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous connective tissue response of isogenic mice after implantation of different glass ionomer-based cements (EQUIA® Forte Fil, EQUIA® Fil and Ketac™ Universal Aplicap™). Eighty-seven isogenic BALB/c mice were allocated in 12 groups, 9 were considered as experimental groups (Ketac, E. Fil and E. Forte at 7, 21 and 63 days) and 3 controls (empty polyethylene tubes at 7, 21 and 63 days). After the experimental periods, the subcutaneous connective tissue surrounding the implanted material was removed and subjected to histotechnical processing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. A histopathological description of the tissue reaction surrounding each material and a semi-quantitative analysis of collagen fiber formation and inflammatory infiltrate were performed. Additionally, the thickness of the granulomatous tissue in contact with each material was measured. Data were analyzed statistically (α=0.05) by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn post-test. Initially, the collagen fiber formation was not different among all the tested materials (p>0.05) but was different at 21 days with the control group presenting the most advanced stage of collagen fiber formation. At 63 days, EQUIA® Forte Fil group showed the most advanced stage of collagen fiber formation, compared to EQUIA® Fil group (p<0.05). The inflammatory infiltrate was not different among the tested materials in any experimental period (p>0.05). The thickness of the granulomatous tissue was greater in the E. Forte group, compared to control in all periods. All glass ionomer-based cements showed tissue compatibility, according to the evaluated parameters.

CELLULITE TREATMENT USING SUBCISION AND POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE FILLING (GOLDINCISION®): CASE REPORT

Introduction: Cellulite is a multifactorial subcutaneous connective tissue disorder that compromises the structure of adipose tissue and can manifest in varying degrees. It causes both unsightly and health changes; thus, requiring specialist treatment. Objective: This works aims at showing the effectiveness of treatments using subcision and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) filling to treat and correct cellulite irregularities in grades three and four in the gluteal region. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent two different techniques for the treatment of cellulite grades three and four. Four patients were subjected to treatment in the gluteal region to correct irregularities from cellulite in the most advanced grades, being used both the subcision and the PMMA filling techniques. Report: Case report of four patients with follow-up treatment for cellulite grades three and four with subcision and polymethyl methacrylate filling. Conclusion: Results were considered efficient due to satisfactorily correcting all cases of cellulite grades three and four.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE COMBINED ACTION OF MULTICOMPONENT CHEMICAL AEROSOL AND LOW TEMPERATURE

The comparative complex cytomorphological study of the combined action of low temperature and mixed aerosol containing sulfuric compounds has been conducted. The experiments were made on animals adapted and not adapted to cold action. The analysis of the obtained results allows to state that the combined effect of the factors studied has a pronounced effect on the development of disorders in the bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular, and liver systems. The data obtained show unidirectional changes in cytomorphological parameters with changes in the bronchopulmonary system. However, in non-adapted animals, structural and metabolic changes in the lungs, liver, heart and subcutaneous connective tissue were recorded earlier (60 days) than in the adapted ones (120 days).

Experimental study of combined effect of health hazards associated with plasma technology

Complex experimental studies enabled to differentiate character and degree of homoitherm body changes under isolated and combined exposure to hazards associated with plasma technology. Findings are that combined exposure to hazards induces in homoitherm body severe morpho-functional changes: compromised bioenergetic processes in myocardium, microcirculatory disorders in brain and subcutaneous connective tissue, increased morpho-functional activity of spongiocytes in adrenal cortex; higher number of dark mastocytes and their depressed degranulation. When isolated, each of the factors caused not all the complex of disorders, and the changes registered were less marked. Inflammatory and dystrophic changes appeared to occur in stages involving respiratory tract of workers using plasma technologies.

Mast cell distribution around the needle tract following acupuncture in Zusanli (ST36) acupoint in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate mast cell (MCs) distribution in the vicinity of the needle tract formed after acupuncture in Zusanli (ST36) acupoint in rats. MCs were detected by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated quantitatively. It was established that after acupuncture in ST36 acupoint the integrity of the epithelium, dermis, subcutaneous connective tissue, fascia, epimysium and striated muscles was disrupted and folded to the direction of the needle tract. In the thickened connective tissue MCs were observed close to the needle tract, without visible differences in their number along the tract, but most of them were with signs of degranulation, possibly due to acupuncture. It could be presumed that acupuncture in ST36 caused recruitment and activation of MCs followed by degranulation which most probably influenced the local microenvironment.