A case study on water price calculation of key projects at Fenglinwan irrigation areas in JiangXi Province, China

Reasonable water price plays an important role in the healthy operation of an irrigation area. This study evaluates the current operation and management of Fenglinwan irrigation area in JiangXi Province, including implementation of agricultural water price, employee salary, current comprehensive agricultural water price and investment of engineering facilities. The cost of agricultural water supply of key project in irrigation area and the total cost of irrigation area were calculated to measure the agricultural water price. The result shows that the cost which has been spent for operation and maintenance of irrigation area was about 3.76 million yuan per year and the total cost for irrigation area was about 5.33 million yuan per year. The excessive number of employees and low wage level have greatly affected the work enthusiasm of employees. The cost of engineering maintenance was too small to guarantee the good operation of irrigation and water conservancy projects. The current implementation of agricultural water price which is about 20 yuan per mu is lower than the evaluated operation and maintenance cost for agricultural water supply which is 71.13 yuan per mu. A part of that, the current comprehensive agricultural water price which is 49.20 yuan per mu is also lower than the whole cost for agricultural water supply which is about 100.87 yuan per mu. Neither the current implementation of agricultural water price nor the current comprehensive agricultural water price can meet the basic requirements of operation and management.

Anomaly Detection in Reservoir Water Level Data Using the LSTM Model Based on Deep Learning

Weather and hydrological phenomena have been changing due to climate change as evidenced by localized torrential rainfall and precipitation falling by more than 30% compared to the annual average. From 2013 to 2017 the ninety-nine reservoirs reached a water storage rate of 0%, making a secure stable water supply for agriculture uncertain. There is an increased need for information regarding agricultural water management to respond to the changes in the agricultural environment and climate. Therefore, automatic water level measurement facilities have been introduced to determine the real-time reservoir storage capacity and agricultural water supply. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs' guidelines for the installation and operation of water level measurement instruments, automatic water level facilities are currently installed at 1,734 reservoirs and 1,880 irrigation canals, with water level data generated at 10-minute intervals. The official recognition of hydrological water level data for agricultural reservoirs increased from six in 2016 to forty-nine in 2019. Anomaly detection algorithm methods for data regarding the agricultural reservoir level as well as quality control measures based on agricultural reservoir characteristics are required to minimize data quality degradation and generate reliable hydrological data over time. Though it was practically impossible to analyze the correlation between the water level or run-off and influential factors such as weather and terrain, recently a non-linear hydrological analysis has been possible using models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This study aims to present an anomaly detection algorithm for reservoir level data using deep learning based LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) models, in combination with other neural networks for managing quantitative information of agricultural water supply.

LAND RECLAMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The current state of agricultural land reclamation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), its role in agricultural production of the republic, taking into account the impact of climate change on irrigation facilities, is considered. It has been established that at present in the sphere of public administration in the field of land reclamation in the republic there are estuary irrigation systems, drainage systems and agricultural water supply facilities, as well as group water pipelines for water supply of rural settlements and irrigation of agricultural land.

ENSURING WATER INTAKES ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF AGRICULTURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Purpose: substantiation of the relevance of ensuring environmental safety of water purification facilities in agricultural water supply systems by creating a complex of specialized protective equipment. Materials and Methods. The methodological approaches of this work in studying and improving water projects are based on the work of domestic and foreign scientists. Results and Discussion. An analysis of the agricultural water supply systems operation in Rostov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions, Stavropol, Krasnodar and Altai regions and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District was carried out, as a result, the lack of environmental safety of water intakes of water supply systems was revealed. To solve this problem, a scientific substantiation of the environmentally sustainable operation of a specialized type of natural-technical system “natural water environment – water industry complex – agricultural water supply system” was carried out. Conclusions. The proposed systematic approach to solving vital problems of ensuring the environmental safety of water intakes of water industry systems will ensure uninterrupted supply of the required estimated high-quality water supply to consumers under any operating modes of agricultural water supply systems (slush, suspension, plankton, dreisen, etc.). At the same time, the complex of water purification facilities will improve the river ecosystem.

Standard costs for land reclamation systems operation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Purpose: to determine the costs for fulfilling the state task on efficient and safe operation of reclamation systems, agricultural water supply facilities and hydraulic structures of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Materials and methods: the research was carried out at the facilities of the state budgetary institution “Department for Land Reclamation and Agricultural Water Supply of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)”. The calculation of standard costs was made using the method of initial cost standards based on local estimates. Results. This work takes into account the standard costs attributed to the provision of public services (work performance), for general needs and for the maintenance of property. The basic standard costs for service, maintenance of the reclamation systems in good working order in 2021 amounted to 6.5 thousand rubles/ha, for agricultural water supply facilities – 1677.7 thousand rubles/unit, to determine the needs and to participate in water resources distribution (group water pipelines) – 25348.1 thousand rubles/million m³. Conclusion. The given calculation method can be used to calculate the financing for the fulfillment of a state task, it will make it possible to make economically justified calculations of the costs of public services deliveries for the efficient and safe operation of reclamation systems, agricultural water supply facilities and group water pipelines of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and, as a result, to ensure the improvement of the organization labor, improving production performance.

Assessment of Future Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Supply Capacity in Geum River Basin Using SWAT and MODSIM-DSS

This study is to evaluate future agricultural water supply capacity in Geum river basin (9,865 km²) using SWAT and MODSIM-DSS. The MODSIM-DSS was established by dividing the basin into 14 subbasins, and the irrigation facilities of agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations, diversions, culverts and groundwater wells were grouped within each subbasin, and networked between subbasins including municipal and industrial water supplies. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using 11 years (2005-2015) daily streamflow data of two dams (DCD and YDD) and 4 years (August 2012 to December 2015) data of three weirs (SJW, GJW, and BJW) considering water withdrawals and return flows from agricultural, municipal, and industrial water uses. The Nash−Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of two dam and three weirs inflows were 0.55∼0.70 and 0.57∼0.77 respectively. Through MODSIM-DSS run for 34 years from 1982 to 2015, the agricultural water shortage had occurred during the drought years of 1982, 1988, 1994, 2001 and 2015. The agricultural water shortage could be calculated as 197.8 × 10⁶ m³, 181.9 × 10⁶ m³, 211.5 × 10⁶ m³, 189.2 × 10⁶ m³ and 182.0 × 10⁶ m³ respectively. The big shortages of agricultural water were shown in water resources unit map number of 3004 (Yeongdongcheon) and 3012 (Geumgang Gongju) areas exceeding 25.1 × 10⁶ m³ and 47.4 × 10⁶ m³. From the estimation of future agricultural water requirement using RCP 8.5 INM-CM4 scenario, the 3004 and 3012 areas showed significant water shortages of 26.1 × 10⁶ m³ (104.1%) and 50.9 × 10⁶ m³ (107.4%) in 2080s (2070∼2099) compared to the present shortages. The water shortages decreased to 23.6 × 10⁶ m³ (94.0%) and 43.3 × 10⁶ m³ (91.4%) below of the present shortages by developing irrigation facilities.

To the question of agricultural water supply

Regions in the south of the European territory of Russia and Western Siberia are experiencing water scarcity. The lack of water resources takes place against the background of a decrease in total water use in the country’s economy and in irrigation. It is necessary to reduce unproductive water losses, improve irrigation and drainage systems and irrigation technologies. This will positively affect diffuse pollution and the ecological state of water bodies draining agricultural land. It is possible to expand the use of groundwater in conjunction with surface water for drinking water supply and irrigation. Requires consideration of the problem of territorial redistribution of river flow. It is necessary to review the main provisions of the organization of water management and create a unified water management structure for efficient water use in agriculture.