Optimization of Energy Consumption in the Pumping Station Supplying Two Zones of the Water Supply System

Water supply pumping stations are among the main energy-consuming elements in the water supply system. The energy optimization of a pumping station can significantly affect the energy consumption of a water utility. This article deals with the energy optimization of water pumping stations. The work assumes several variants of optimization of water supply pumping stations through changes in the water supply system, pressure changes in the pumping station, and modification of the number of pumps. After analyzing the network, conducting field tests, and creating a model of the water supply network, the network was calibrated in order to reproduce the existing water network as accurately as possible. Then, a variant analysis was performed, and the best optimization method for the pumping station was selected. In two variants, there was a decrease in electricity consumption; in three there, was an increase; in one, there was no change. By connecting the DMA zones and modifying the pressure in the pumping station, the energy consumption of the pumping stations was reduced. On this basis, it was found that it is possible to optimize the water pumping station by modifying the pumping station and work related to the network layout.

To the problem of the Torey lakes

The socio-ecological problem of the Torey Lakes, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, which arose in connection with the construction of a dam on the Uldza River, which began by Mongolia, which is the main ground feeding artery of the lakes, is considered. An option is proposed to save the lakes on our own, by laying a water supply system with a length of about 40 km. from Onon River, with the preliminary construction of a reservoir here due to the confluence of the channels of the old, middle and new Onon, as well as options for groundwater budding. Examples of the transfer of river waters carried out in different regions are given.

Keterkaitan Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih dan Angka Penyakit Diare di Daerah Pesisir Kelurahan Kangkung

Diare merupakan penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang sering dikaitkan dengan kejadian kematian. Kurang baiknya sistem penyediaan air bersih dapat meningkatkan kejadian diare. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian diare, mengkaji kualitas mikrobiologi sampel air, status sistem yang menyediakan air bersih, dan menganalisis korelasi antara angka penyakit diare dan sistem penyediaan air di daerah pesisir Kangkung, Bandar Lampung. Populasi pada kajian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat di wilayah pesisir Kelurahan Kangkung. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik random sampling. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui kuesioner dan analisis dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, sedangkan total coliform dilakukan dengan metode Most Probable Number. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi terjadinya diare sebanyak 22,2%, kandungan Coliform pada air PAM 0 MPN/ml, air suteng sebanyak 1100 MPN/ml, dan air sumur sebanyak 1100 MPN/ml. Daerah pesisir kelurahan Kangkung, sistem penyediaan air bersihnya cukup baik karena lebih banyak responden yang masuk dalam katagori memenuhi syarat dibandingkan yang tidak. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak ada keterkaitan yang signifikan antara sistem yang menyediakan air bersih dengan kejadian diare di wilayah pesisir Kelurahan Kangkung.ABSTRACTDiarrhea is one of the disease based in environmentally that is often associated with death. Poor system of clean water supply can increase the incidence of diarrhea. The purpose of this research to identify frequency of diarrhea, to examine the microbiological quality of water samples, the status of the system that ptovides clean water, and to analize the correlation between diarrhea disease rate and the water supply system in the coastal areas of Kangkung, Bandar Lampung City. The population in this research were an entire comunity in the coastal area of Kangkung Village. Determination of the sample selection by the random sampling technique. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire and then analyzed was carried out using the chi-square test. Meanwhile, the total coliform test was carried out using the Most Probable Number method. The results showed the proportion of diarrhea was 22.2%, total Coliform in water from drink water company was 0 MPN/ml, Suteng water was 1100 MPN/ml, and well water was 1100 MPN/ml. In the coastal area of the Kangkung, the clean water supply system is quite good because more respondents are included in the eligible category than those who do not. However, the results of the analysis show that there is no significant correlation between the system that provides clean water and the incidence of diarrhea in the coastal area of Kangkung Village.

Influence Mechanism of Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances on the Water Quality in Dynamic Water Supply System

As a kind of high-organic-content contamination source, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by cyanobacteria have become an important factor restricting the safety of supply water. In the dynamic batch mode water supply system, cyanobacterial EPS accelerated the decay rate of residual chlorine, resulting in a 21–26 times increase of the total viable bacteria count within 72 h. The water turbidity exceeded upper limit of the standards for drinking water quality within 4 h, with an increase of 306–332% within 72 h. The biological stability was reduced with BDOC and AOC increased by 41.4–43.8% and 331–396%, respectively. The main cause is that cyanobacterial EPS act as nutrients and metabolic energy for microorganisms, promoting their metabolic activity and secretion of extracellular organic components. This leads to the metabolic accumulation of tryptophan, fulvic acids and humic acids in the pipeline, thus further promoting the regeneration of bacteria. Compared with the influence of biofilm on pipe wall caused by long-term use of water supply network, the contribution of cyanobacterial EPS to the water contamination of pipe network is increased several times. Therefore, even in the presence of residual chlorine, the secondary contamination caused by cyanobacterial EPS in the water supply system could not be neglected.

Historical Water Supply System of the City of Brno—Social-Environmental Consequences

This paper provides a detailed look into the historical development of the water supply system of a big industrial city and its impact on the river environment and needs of the wastewater treatment system. The city of Brno, Czech Republic, was chosen for this study because it has a long history in the field of water supply, and the city has changed rapidly over the last 200 years. The city’s development necessitated an adaptation of drinking water sources, most significantly the use of the Březová nad Svitavou facility, which resulted in a change of condition of the Svitava River. The notable decrease in river flow, aided by industrial development of settlements within the Svitava River catchment between 1850 and 1950, strongly contributed to the spread of river pollution. However, the construction of wastewater treatment plants during recent decades led to a restoration of river quality and, consequently, of the entire environment of the Svitava River catchment. This paper also presents a view on activities connected with the long term surface water quality monitoring and improvement with regard to water quality conditions in spring areas and the river network influenced by the water supply system.

Impacts of storage tanks under the indirect cold water supply system on household water quality: a case of Wakiso District, Uganda

Water supply systems form one of the most fundamental components of building services. In many communities especially in developing countries like Uganda, most households use the indirect cold water supply system, particularly because of the intermittent water supply problems. However, research has linked the main component of this system particularly water storage tanks to contamination of water. There is a paucity of research regarding which features of these tanks contribute to water contamination. This study investigated the effects of storage tank features and cleaning practices on water quality. The results revealed that the treated water received by households became significantly (α= 0.05) contaminated with faecal coliforms (p= 0.001), total coliforms (p < 0.001), and heterotrophic bacteria (p < 0.001) while in storage tanks. Furthermore, Fe, and Mn significantly increased in stored water (with p= 0.001, and p= 0.023, respectively) while residual free chlorine significantly reduced (p < 0.001). The study revealed that tank type, tank connectors, and tank age significantly affect water quality. The study concluded that tank cleaning does not guarantee improvement in quality of stored water. Further research is recommended to determine the best tank cleaning methods and optimal cleaning frequency.