Can Lufenuron be an alternative treatment option in small animal dermatomycosis?

Lufenuron (Benzoyl-phenyl urea) is a chitin synthesis inhibitor that inhibits chitin production. It has an ectoparasitic effect by causing impairment in chitin biosynthesis and larval development of various parasite species. Lufenuron is an agent that is effectively used as a pesticide against agricultural pests in the ecosystem and veterinary medicine. It is used to control various ectoparasites such as fleas and scabies of cats and dogs. The high prevalence of mycotic diseases in pet animals, especially in cats and dogs, and the increasing drug resistance in veterinary medicine reveal the importance of different treatment options. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lufenuron as a new antimycotic agent in veterinary medicine.

MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE IN COWS MASTITIS

Despite the subdivision of livestock farms in the process of agricultural reform, obstetric and gynecological diseases in farm animals, including mastitis, remain key problem for veterinary medicine specialists. Studies on the bacterial etiology of mastitis in cows were conducted in 12 farms in the Moscow region with a population of 12254 cattle, including 4445 cows. When studying microbiocenoses during mastitis in cows on farms in the Moscow region, it was found that the microbial landscape of cow udder secretions in mastitis is very diverse and heterogeneous. Thus, 486 pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 103 cows with mastitis, which were referred to 11 species. More often, during mastitis in cows, representatives of Streptococcus SP. p., Staphylococcus sp. p., Lactobacillus sp. p. and Escherichia sp. p. were isolated from udder secretions. – 25,7 %; 20,8 %; 18,3 % and 9.6 %, respectively. It was established that mastitis in cows is caused not by a single pathogen, but by microbial associations, which include from 2 to 7 isolates. When serotyping E. coli cultures, it was established that from the milk of cows with mastitis, O8 and O18 were most often isolated by 7 (15.2 %), O78 – 6 (13.1 %), and O101 and O126 by 5 (10.9 %) cases out of the total number of isolated serotypes. Of the udder secretions of cows with mastitis, 37 (80.4 %) isolates from the total number of Escherichia coli also had hemolysin-producing properties. In the milk of cows with mastitis, the highest concentration contains representatives of the species Staphylococcus sp. p.; Escherichia sp. p.; Pseudomonas sp. p. and Streptococcus sp. p., respectively, 5.67±0.08 lg; 4.37±0.32 lg; 4.24±0.20 lg and 4.13±0.15 lg. Fungi of Candida species varied at the level of 102 CFU. More often, pathogenic properties were found in cultures of S. aureus 48 (27.7 %), E. coli 22 (12.7 %), S. uberis 18 (10.3 %) and S. dysgalactiae 17 (9.8 %) of the total number of pathogenic isolates for white mice. Of the 11 isolated cultures of Candida fungi, 5 (2.9 %) isolates were pathogenic. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in enrofloxacin, cephalexin, norfloxacin, cobactan and ofloxacin. The number of microbial isolates sensitive to these antimicrobial agents was 466 (98,1 %); 455 (95,8 %); 440 (92,6 %); 438 (92,2 %) and 432 (90.9 %). The most effective antimycotic agent was intraconazole, which showed activity to all 11 (100.0 %) isolated fungi.

Intravitreal Therapy of Endogenous Endophthalmitis due to Urosepsis – A Case Report

This case report describes a case of endogenous endophthalmitis in a 58 year old man upon a background of urosepsis and bronchitis. The patient was hospitalised at a department of internal medicine in another hospital. The day after admittance he was sent to our clinic for a consultation examination due to worsening of vision and pain in the left eye. The condition was diagnosed as endogenous endophthalmitis. Visual acuity at the first examination was hand movement in front of the eye. Intravitreal therapy was commenced with a combination of two antibiotics (ceftazidime 2 mg/ 0.1 ml and vancomycin 1 mg/0.1 ml) and an antimycotic agent (amphotericin B 10 μg/0.1 ml). Over the course of two weeks the patient received this antibiotic treatment intravitreally 3x in total. During the first application of antibiotics, material was sampled from the anterior chamber of the eye for a microbiological examination – the result was negative. The blood culture tested positive for staphylococcus aureus. Intravenous application of antibiotics (gentamicin 240 mg i.v. every 24 hours and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 1.2 g i.v. every 8 hours) was set for two weeks, and then antibiotic treatment continued (ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours) and antimycotic therapy (itraconazole 100 mg every 12 hours) orally for 2 months. Four weeks after the beginning of therapy, visual acuity in the left eye was 20/100 and after two months 20/40. The study emphasises the advantage of multi-disciplinary co-operation.

Synthesis and establishment of physico-chemical constants 2-(5-( chinoline -2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-іл)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-ілтіо) acetate acids and their esther

The large interest in the plan of search biologically of active agents is caused by the heterocyclic system of 1,2,4-triazole, due to high biological activity, and by the low indexes of toxicness, that inherent it to the structural analogues. Today in medical practice the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are used as high-efficiency antioxidants, cytostatic antimycotic agent , antidepressants and others. Literary information testify that among connections, representatives derivative of 3-tio-1,2,4-triazole range condensed with heteryl carboxylic acid, and their derivatives, find matters with the wide spectrum of biological action. The primary purpose of this work is continuation of synthetic researches 5-(chinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-tion, namely synthesis of new 2-(5-(chinolin-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) acetate acids, their esteriv and establishment for the new structural derivatives of physical and chemical constants, confirmation of structure and individuality. On the basis of purposeful synthesis was received 10 new, connections derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole not described in literature, that contain the kernels of triazole`s cycle of chinole in a 5 position, or 2- hydroxyquinoline deputies, namely 2-(5-(chinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-2,4-dihydro-3Н-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) acetate acids and their esteras. For the synthesized connections by the modern physical and chemical methods of analysis their structure is well-proven, and physical and chemical constants are set. Structure of synthesized esteriv 2-(5-(quinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) of acetate acids is confirmed the complex use of element analysis and ICh-spectrophotometry.

Bullous Tinea Incognito in a Bulgarian Child: First Description in the Medical Literature!

For the first time in the world medical literature, we describe a rare form of cutaneous dermatophytosis – a bullous form of Tinea incognito, classified by clinical picture, histopathological findings and an isolated infectious agent from the microbiological culture. After a thorough review of Medline/PubMed's relevant literature, we could not find similar cases of patients with Tinea incognito who are clinically presented with bullous lesions at the same time. Local application of corticosteroids in infants with unknown lesions may lead to progression of the underlying disease and may cause some serious problems in differential diagnosis aspect, while the clinical expression remains completely masked. Exactly for this reason, right at the beginning of the clinical complaints, a skin biopsy should be obligatorily performed in parallel with microbiological swabs. If there is no improvement after the local corticosteroid application, then diagnosis revision and change of the strategy of clinical behaviour would be appropriate to be done. The systemic treatment that we performed with Fluconazole 50 mg in combination with the local antimycotic agent for a 2-week period led to complete remission.