Animals in Saami Shamanism: Power Animals, Symbols of Art, and Offerings

In this paper, we study the role of power animals in contemporary Saami shamanism and how past and present are entwined in the presentation of power animals. In the old Saami worldviews, in addition to animals, spirits and sacred rocks (sieidi, SaaN) were also considered to be able to interact with people. Animals were an important part of offering rituals because livelihood and rituals were intertwined. Past “religions” are used as an inspiration for contemporary shamanistic practices, in line with one of late modernity’s core concepts, namely creativity. Present-day shamanistic practices can be described as ritual creativity, and they combine traces of old and new ritual activities. At the shamanistic festival Isogaisa, organized in northern Norway, these different roles of animals and ritual creativity become evident. Here, animals appear as spirit animals, as well as decorative elements on drums and clothes and as performance. In this paper, we combine material culture studies, interview data, and participatory observations in order to reflect the meanings and use of power animals in contemporary spiritual practices. How are traces of the past used in creating contemporary spirituality? How are animals and their artistic presentations entangled in contemporary shamanism?

Shedding Light on the Matter: Evaluating Changing Patterns of Object Dedication in Ionian Sanctuaries (7th/6th – 5th/4th centuries BC) with Lexicometrical Analysis

Reconstructing moments in ancient history is done most effectively when we draw together different types of evidence. Particularly given the fragmentary and random shape of our datasets, many scholars would agree that it is important to combine material – and sometimes patterns only become visible when we do so in new and experimental ways. As scholarship on ancient Greek religion has become increasingly interdisciplinary in recent years, many scholars have brought together datasets long studied separately – the material evidence by archaeologists and anthropologists, and the texts by philologists and philosophers – now is a prime-time to crosspollenate different types of evidence on a much broader scale. This paper proposes that by bringing together types of evidence that might usually be kept apart and by applying new methodologies, we can shed further light on certain ancient socio-cultural phenomena.

The Novelties of the Law of Ukraine “On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies”

One of the most common types of legal entities are companies, in particular, Limited Liability Companies, that allow to combine material and other resources of several participants and at the same time reduce the risk of entrepreneurial activity for each of them. The article deals with the issue of the novelties in the legal regulation of the creation and activity of limited liability companies after the Law of Ukraine "On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies" act came into force. The adoption of this legislative act provides necessitates the analysis at the doctrinal level of a number of its rules, which regulate the activity of LLC in a new way. It is noted that for a long time the legal regulation of the activity of this type of companies remained limited and outdated, which led to the emergence of corporate conflicts. It is concluded that the process of streamlining corporate legislation is steadily ongoing, and the contradictions in the legislative regulation of corporate relations are gradually being eliminated. Regarding the novelties of regulation of the activity of limited liability companies, the author emphasizes the following positive aspects of the Law of Ukraine “On Limited Liability and Additional Liability Companies”: the number of participants in the LLC was lifted; the concept of "corporate agreement" is fixed; the only reason for the establishment of the LLC is the decision of its founders; minimize the list of information that must be displayed in the charter of LLC; included in the Law of the provisions of Chapter V “Substantial and Interest-Related party transactions”; a special chapter was introduced, which regulates the issues of creation and termination of the LLC (Chapter VI “Separation and Termination of the Company”); provides for the appearance of a local act on the regulation of corporate relations in the LLC - the agreement on the termination of the company; the procedure for setting up one or more new partnerships by transferring to it (them) a part of the assets, liabilities and liabilities of an existing limited liability company is regulated in detail.

How to Describe Students Whose First Language Isn’t English. Speaking and Listening Skills as an example

This survey is a part of a project to determine what the language needs of students whose first language isn't English. We ask that students fill out this form to know what can be done better for the students and English department. The participants are undergraduate students from (American University in Iraq - Sulimani) - AUIS. The course is general English. The students are prepared for their faculties. The students are not good at English, they face problems in English such as communication problems, and they don't understand teacher's speech sometimes. The course book is English File Elementary, third edition (A1-A2 level) as combine material, Oxford Practice Grammar Basic is used. Duration of the course is 9 weeks; the survey is carried out in week 7.

Lectonautas. Una propuesta de la didäctica de la lectura desde la web. [Lectonauts A proposal of the Didactics of reading from the web]

La investigación tuvo como objetivo crear una estrategia didáctica para potenciar la lectura en los estudiantes de cuarto y quinto grado de educación de Básica primaria utilizando las Tic como herramienta, aplicada a una muestra de 163 niños de instituciones de educación básica de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Resultados: dimensiones asociadas a la lectura fueron aprendizaje de representaciones y proposiciones; estructura cognitiva con categorías de asimilación, otorgamiento de significados, análisis, interpretación, selección, organización; TIC para combinar material, interactúar, reaprender, generar ideas, ser creativo y comunicar sus ideas; creatividad en producción textual y oral. Conclusión: Lectonautas desde la estrategia utilizando web permitió potenciar la interdependencia, las competencias comunicativas y prosociales, los vínculos afectivos con compañeros y con la familia ______________________________________________________Palabras clave: lenguaje, historia de vida, familia, escuelaAbstractThe objective of the research was to create a didactic strategy to promote reading in the fourth and fifth grade students of primary school education using ICT as a tool, applied to a sample of 163 children from basic education institutions in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia. Results: dimensions associated with reading were learning of representations and propositions; cognitive structure with categories of assimilation, granting meanings, analysis, interpretation, selection, organization; ICT to combine material, interact, relearn, generate ideas, be creative and communicate their ideas; creativity in textual and oral production. Conclusion: Lectonauts from the web using strategy allowed to enhance interdependence, communicative and prosocial skills, affective bonds with colleagues and with the family ______________________________________________________ Keywords: language, history of life, family, schoolResumoO objetivo da pesquisa foi criar uma estratégia didática para promover a leitura nos alunos da quarta e quinta série da educação primária utilizando as TIC como ferramenta, aplicada a uma amostra de 163 crianças de instituições de ensino básico na cidade de Cúcuta, Colômbia Resultados: as dimensões associadas à leitura foram aprender de representações e proposições; estrutura cognitiva com categorias de assimilação, significados, análise, interpretação, seleção, organização; TIC para combinar material, interagir, reaprender, gerar idéias, ser criativo e comunicar suas idéias; criatividade na produção textual e oral. Conclusão: Lectonauts da web usando estratégia permitiram aumentar a interdependência, habilidades comunicativas e prosociais, vínculos afetivos com colegas e com a família ______________________________________________________ Palavras-chave: idioma, história da vida, família, escola

Masculinities, New Forms of Religion, and the Production of Social Order in Kaduna City, Nigeria

From the late 1970s when serious economic woes hit Nigerians in general and the inhabitants of Kaduna in particular, the latter began to seek explanations for the ills that beset their country and support to deal with them. Some found this in new religious movements, both Christian and Muslim, that rejected earlier sects/denominations as religiously and ethically unacceptable and focused on more modern, individualistic lifestyles as well as providing some measure of material support, explanations, and solutions based in the supernatural for the ills the population was suffering. The situation sparked fear of social chaos, partly owing to men’s uneasiness at the threat of losing their dominance over wives and offspring along with their control of economic resources. The new religious movements support male superiority while offering greater space for women, provided they keep to their assigned places. These movements thus combine material and social support with the spiritual.

ENVIRONMENTAL-BALANCED SCORECARD DAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLÂM (Suatu Sintesis Manajemen Strategi dalam Persaingan Global)

Business activity is an integral part of economic discourse. Islamic economy system starts from ethical awareness. For its viability, a company runs an old fashioned-management, it is a material-prosperity attainmnet oriented. However, it results a social contradiction. In Islamic ethic, a business must combine material and moral indicators emphesizing profit and expediency harmonies. Islamic business must be on the basis of natural and human resources that is moved by a motivation of dynamic devotion. Thus, it is significant to have a management strategy that are religious, morality, and humanity oriented. Furthermore, the paradigm change that company goal maintaining the financial aspect change into social and environmental aspects is certain. Key Words: Manajemen srategis, etika, perusahaan, lingkungan, dan Balanced Scorecard

Al-Fārābī on the Method of Astronomy

This article analyzes al-Fārābī's (d. 950) conception of the astronomical method by examining rarely studied texts such as the K. al-mūsīqā and K. al-burhān and by addressing key issues such as the subject matter of astronomy, the techniques used to derive the first principles of this science, the relation between astrology, astronomy, physics, and metaphysics, and the place of al-Fārābī in the Arabic astronomical tradition. The analysis indicates that al-Fārābī's theories combine material from the Greek astronomical tradition, especially Geminus, as well as from the logical works of Aristotle, particularly the Posterior Analytics. Moreover, it enables us to view al-Fārābī as a link between the Greek astronomers on the one hand and Ibn Sīnā and Naşīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī on the other.

English history and Norman legend in the Icelandic saga of Edward the Confessor

In this, my third article on the sources of Saga Játvarðar konungs hins helga, the fourteenth-century Icelandic saga of Edward the Confessor, I hope to cover all the material that I have not dealt with previously. In my first article, on the hagiographical sources, I suggested that the saga writer used two specific texts, a service book containing the lections for St Edward's day and the Speculum Historiale of Vincent of Beauvais. In my second one, on the saga's version of the Anglo-Saxon emigration to Byzantium, I showed that this account was very closely related to the one in the anonymous and unpublished Chronicon Laudunensis. Here I wish to show the full extent of the saga's debt to CL. In doing this I also need to show how the saga writer used Scandinavian sources, a range of material that he acknowledges when he refers us to what is said í æfi Noregskonunga. The specific saga which he has utilized most fully is that of Harald Hardrada, Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar. Since he was compiling JS in the fourteenth century, HS would have been available to him in a number of recensions. Extant ones include the early-thirteenth-century Msk and Fsk, both of which may have been utilized by Snorri Sturluson in Hkr later in that century. Some of the later manuscripts of Hkr, such as Eirspennill, include interpolations and there are compilations, such as the fourteenth-century Hulda, which combine material from Msk and Hkr. The evidence indicates that the compiler of JS knew HS in more than one of these redactions.