A Pragmatic Analysis of Illocutionary Act in a Selected Presidential Speech on COVID-19

This paper aims at studying the illocutionary speech acts: direct and indirect to show the most dominant ones in a presidential speech delivered by the USA president. The speech is about the most critical health issue in the world, COVID-19 outbreak. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted by observing the first speech delivered by president Trump concerning coronavirus outbreak and surveying the illocutionary acts: directive, declarative, commissive, expressive, and representative. Searle's (1985) classification of illocutionary speech acts is adopted in the analysis. What are the main types of the illocutionary speech acts performed by Trump in his speech?; Why does Trump perform illocutionary acts?; and What is the purpose behind using the most dominant acts? The study is of significant value as it displays how the USA's leader addresses his people linguistically using the illocutionary acts. It helps to understand how language is used to deal with certain actions and how it affects the hearers’ viewpoints. The study concludes that two types of illocutionary acts show a significant frequency of occurrence: representatives and declarative. Such result appears due to the purpose behind the discourse under analysis. The other three types of illocutionary acts are of very low frequency. The purpose of the speech and the identity of the figure who delivers it significantly influence the choice of the illocutionary acts. Since the figure who delivers the speech is the president, he has the authority to declare the issue, give instructions concerning the actions that will be taken in the light of this issue and clarify the situation.

Neph E Club-Successful Social Media Learning Model-Six Years on with 1K Nephrologist as Members

Introduction: Social Media (SoMe) is used for the rapid dissemination of information and learning but has its limiting factors. An integrated learning model labeled “Neph E Club” was initiated in 2015. Various social media platforms were used to achieve the goal of SoMe education and lifelong learning. A retrospective study was done to analyze this education model. Methods: Six years of experience with Neph E Club’s social media education model allowed us to look back on the essential components of the SoMe model from 2015 to 2021. Objectives, member recruitment, social media platform, content development, and sustainability were among the aspects investigated and analyzed. Its benefits and downsides were also investigated. Results: For the past 6 years, WhatsApp has been used as a SoMe platform. Other approaches such as Twitter, YouTube, dedicated server, and email methods failed to meet the target during the 6 years. There are now 1018 active members in the WhatsApp group. Downloading nephrology education resources from numerous social media learning websites and conference content to construct a 3 TB digital library and 800 GB of developed and shared content. Members were kept informed daily by sharing information gleaned from the digital library. Topics are chosen based on data analysis and group requests. Students and practitioners shared their contents which included case discussion and initiating data collections. The success of this model is reflected by having shared 2550 Audiovisual (AV) Lectures, 26700 journal articles, and 182 case discussions. Viewership numbers on average reach from 1200 to 2500 per month which indicated multiple sharing. ISN India in his presidential speech in 2017 recommended this model. Conclusion: Neph E Club - Integrated model of learning using SoMe and offline digital Nephrology Library is a cost-effective, widely accepted model of learning in India.

Moderating Opposition and Shaping Political Settlement in the US Presidential Speech on the Military Action in Syria: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study aims to analyze Barack Obama’s speech on Syria delivered on September 10, 2013 in response to the chemical attacks launched against Damascus on August 23, 2013. The study employs Fairclough’s (2001) framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to bring out the ideological polarization latent in the language of Obama by investigating the linguistic devices used to stir emotions in listeners to adopt certain stands or take certain action. The study posits three questions to investigate how Obama’s language has been used to display the nature of the U.S. political discourse during the Syrian crisis, explore the ideological component enshrined in Obama’s language, and cast light on the typical discourse strategies used by Obama to appeal to the international community to lead a coalition against Syrian regime. The analysis of Obama’s speech reveals the ideological opposition to implicating Americans and their allies solely in toppling Al-Assad’s regime under the pretext of being preoccupied with quelling violence and establishing peace in the world. The analysis also demonstrates that Obama has availed himself of many linguistic devices such as lexical manipulation, metaphorical expressions, personal pronouns, parallelism, and rhetorical questions to rally support for the US military action in Syria.

Unmasking of the President Joko Widodo’s Ideolgy Stances Realized in His Political Speech towards the People of Indonesia

This paper aims to unmask President Joko Widodo (Jokowi, henceforth)’ ideology through his presidential speech. Using a combination of CDA and SFL as an analytical tool of appraisal system, particularly the subsystem of attitude to dismantle ideological stances behind the speech text toward the People of Indonesia. The data was obtained from the first state speech of Jokowi in 2015. Further, selecting the first state speech was the parameter of his leadership in ruling the nation. The results show that Jokowi employed all subtypes of attitude to the people of Indonesia. The subtype of Judgment mostly with positively-invoked capacity employed by Jokowi indicates that He has an ideological inclination to judge the people's character as the capable people who can overcome the worst condition. Therefore, Jokowi implicitly shows his ideological inclination toward the people that he inclination to prioritize the Indonesian people.

Suggestive potential of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidential speech ‘Annual Address to the US Congress’

The article deals with suggestive potential in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s speech devoted to the issues of confronting World War II threats and proposing aid to those European countries where it broke out. The speech was addressed to the United States Congress. The rally of congressional representatives opposed the government to propose assistance to the countries in need having faced the consequences of the Great Depression. Thus, the politicians considered the war on another continent was unlikely to have а detrimental effect on the country’s interests. Suggestive influence is based on the inculcation of information to affect an interlocutor’s uncritical perception to alter their attitudes and actions. Implementation of such a phenomenon in Roosevelt’s speech is realized through variative repetitive information about the potential threat from the aggressor to US liberty and confrontation of the New Order Hitler wants to impose on democratic societies. Moreover, Roosevelt appeals to the congressional representatives’ awareness through the system of images that makes it possible to describe actions and regimes of those who put the world order under threat. It goes in contrast with the USA’s system, order, and democracy. Suggestive influence in Roosevelt’s speech presented by linguistic units at different levels to indicate the potential threat to America. Discourse strategies in the analyzed speech are expressed with the help of tactics of opposition and tactics of sacralization. They are implemented by multilevel linguistic units of evaluative semantics, units that bear sacred meaning, as well as epithets, metaphors, comparisons, and truisms.

Making war and peace with emotion: Examining the Iraq and Iran cases via presidential speech and media coverage

This study investigates emotions conveyed in US presidential speeches and media coverage regarding the Iraq War and the Iran nuclear deal during 2003 and 2015. The researchers gathered and examined news stories about the two policies, all official speeches delivered by George W Bush and Barack Obama, and opinion polls conducted during the respective six-month period in those two years. Nine discrete emotions were coded to capture the valence and volume in the speeches and news media content. The study finds that emotions appear more frequently in the Iraq discourse than in the Iran counterpart. President Bush used more negative emotions while President Obama employed more positive emotions. Emotion in the media coverage is constant and stable across the two policy periods; yet negative emotions are more prevalent than positive counterparts in the media despite distinct foreign policies. The study also examines public opinion trends toward the two policies for inferring potential linkage. This article contributes to the conceptual nexus among emotional persuasion, journalism pattern, and foreign policy-making process.

IDEAS AND IDEALS: HONOURING JOYCE MITCHELL COOK

In the twentieth century, most PhD-trained academic philosophers in both the United States and United Kingdom were white men. The first black woman to earn a PhD in Philosophy was Joyce E. Mitchell Cook (1933–2014). A preacher's daughter from a small town in western Pennsylvania, Cook earned a BA from Bryn Mawr College. She went on to earn degrees in Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology from St Hilda's College at Oxford University before earning a PhD in Philosophy from Yale University in 1965. At Yale she served as Managing Editor of the Review of Metaphysics and was the first woman appointed as a teaching assistant in Philosophy. She taught at Howard University for nearly a decade and held positions in national government service in Washington, DC, before retiring to a life of independent study of the black experience. Although she did not publish much in her lifetime, Cook deserves to be remembered as: first, an academic trailblazer who proved that race and gender are not barriers to excellence in philosophy; second, a public philosopher who broke barriers as a foreign and economic affairs analyst and presidential speech writer; third, among the first philosophical bioethicists of informed consent and experimentation on humans; and, fourth, an analytic philosopher of race, opposing claims that blacks suffer from inherited intellectual inferiority. Cook's achievements can inspire women of all backgrounds who love philosophy to pursue graduate studies and academic careers.

POWER IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHES: AN ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC MODALITY

This paper discusses the relationship between the language and power in the presidential speech text, which is projected through linguistic features, especially modalities. The data was obtained from a speech delivered by President Joko Widodo during the plenary session of the Indonesian People's Consultative Assembly (MPR RI) for the inauguration of the elected president for the 2019-2024 period and the delivery of the president's vision for Indonesia better. Analysis of this paper from linguistic modalities uses a three-dimensional model of Fairclough's critical discourse (CDA) analysis to answer its research questions. The results show that Jokowi used several linguistic modal verbs in projecting his strength. Based on the modality's context, it can be understood that the president conveyed his strategic desire to be himself when he tried to connect with the audience and build his image, audience, and relationship. The President produces a discourse that embodies assumptions about his leadership and audience's social relationship and affirms his legal authority as president and his power. Through the language used, Jokowi creates, maintains, and explains power he holds in these forums.

Perspektif dan Frame Ekspresi Permintaan Maaf dalam Diskusi Indonesian Lawyers Club “50 Tahun G30S/PKI, Perlukah Negara Minta Maaf?”: Kajian Linguistik Kognitif

Abstrak: Pidato kepresidenan pada HUT RI ke-70 menuai kontroversi. Sebagian masyarakat berasumsi bahwa negara akan meminta maaf kepada para “korban” pelanggaran HAM yang merujuk kepada pihak Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Pada 29 September 2015, Indonesian Lawyers Club (ILC) menggelar diskusi dengan tema “50 Tahun G30S/PKI: Perlukah Negara Minta Maaf?” untuk menanggapi isu tersebut. Saat diskusi berlangsung, para tamu undangan saling tunjuk pihak yang seharusnya meminta maaf. Akibatnya, banyak sudut pandang yang membiaskan subjek yang seharusnya meminta maaf. Peneliti menelusuri fenomena ini lewat kajian Linguistik Kognitif untuk membongkar perspektif dan latar belakang pengetahuan (frame) permintaan maaf. Peneliti mentranskripsikan data dengan menggunakan metode simak teknik sadap dan catat. Setelah itu, peneliti mengklasifikasi dan menganalisisnya dengan metode padan. Hasilnya, perspektif mengenai wacana permintaan maaf terwujud dengan adanya pengutamaan (subjek) dari setiap ekspresi kebahasaan, yaitu perspektif dengan subjek pihak keluarga dan terduga PKI, perspektif dengan subjek pihak TNI AD, dan perspektif dengan subjek pihak NU dan Muhammadiyah. Peneliti mengklasifikasikan frame, pengetahuan yang melatari terbentuknya sebuah konsep, menjadi tiga frame yang berbeda berdasarkan waktunya, yaitu waktu sebelum peristiwa G30S (pihak NU dan Muhammadiyah), saat terjadi peristiwa G30S (pihak TNI AD), dan setelah peristiwa G30S (pihak keluarga dan terduga PKI). Abstract: The Presidential Speech at the 70th Indonesian Independence Day caused a controversy. Some people assumed that the state would apologize to the victims of the human rights violations mentioning the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). On 29 September 2015, the Indonesian Lawyers Club (ILC) held a discussion bringing up the theme “50 Tahun G30S/PKI: Perlukah Negara Minta Maaf?” to respond to the issue. During the discussion, the invited guests pointed to each others who should apologize. The researchers investigate this phenomenon with Cognitive Linguistic studies to reveal perspectives and beckground knowledge (frames) of apologies. The researchers transcribed the data using the observation method of tapping and note-taking techniques. After that, the researchers classified and analysed using the matching method. Based on the analysis carried out, perspective on apologies are manifested by the prioritisation (subject) of each linguistic expression, i.e., perspectives with the subject of the family and suspected PKI, perspective with the subject of the Army (TNI), and perspective with the subjects of the NU and Muhammadiyah. In this study, the researchers classified three different frames, the knowledge behind the formation of a concept, based on the time, namely the time before the G30S incident (the NU and Muhammadiyah parties), the time of G30S event (TNI), and after the G30S (PKI family and suspected PKI).