DOCUMENTATION AND ACCOUNTING OF CAPITALIZATION EXPENSES IN CORPORATE ASSOCIATIONS OF MINING INDUSTRIES

The issues of capitalization of expenses in the mining industries are considered as an important way of strengthening the economy, improving the material support of the mining and processing industries as well as filling the budget of Ukraine. The basic concepts of capitalization and conversion of the enterprise expenses into enterprise assets are clarified, as well as recapitalization (the next stage of capital transformation, when past expenses change their form and place in the structure of assets, but do not affect the final financial results) and decapitalization (part or full write-off of the past capitalized expenses on the financial results of the enterprise). The role of accounting as an important tool in the implementation of capitalization processes is defined. Peculiarities of documentation and capitalization of expenses in mining industries and reflection of such operations in the accounting system at different stages of nature management are mentioned. Methods of capitalization of expenses at separate stages of activity of the corporate associations which are carrying out extraction and processing of minerals are offered. At the preparatory stage of the mining process, it is proposed to capitalize the expenses into intangible assets in the form of acquisition of rights to use natural resources with their valuation by market methods. The expenses of preparation of deposits and quarries are proposed to be recognized as expenses of future periods and written off to current operating expenses in installments over a long period. Using operating costs, it is recommended to create a provision to cover costs at the stage of completion of the investment project for the extraction and processing of minerals. Reserved funds are needed to cover significant expenses in the closure of mining sites, reclamation of disturbed lands, their restoration to the natural state and the performance of other environmental work. Keywords: accounting, documentation, capitalization, decapitalization, expenses, mining industries, corporate associations. JEL Classification Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 16.

Management of small agricultural cooperation and corporatization

The possibility of applying the principles of corporate governance in the practice of small agricultural businesses is considered. The authors believe that cooperative associations of small market participants can transform into corporate associations at a certain stage of development. The scientific novelty is represented by an improved economic mechanism of two-level cooperation of small agricultural enterprises with the financial participation of municipalities, regional and Federal authorities and the formation of their own cooperative Bank. The mechanism recommended by the authors is aimed at motivating small business participants to cooperate by the possibility of subsequent corporatization. The implementation of the cooperation development plan will require temporary exemption of its participants from the tax burden, while the state should practice joint construction of processing, logistics and other necessary facilities in the agricultural sector, with the subsequent transfer of its shares to consumer cooperatives of small businesses.

Production and Economic Complex as an Organizational and Legal (Corporate) Model of Association and Prospects for Its Development in Russia

Introduction: the paper is a comprehensive study of the legal problems of creation and operation of industrial and economic complexes. It notes the need to take into account the experience of functioning such associations of economic entities to ensure the social orientation of corporate associations. The purpose of the work is to determine the legal nature of a production and economic complex, a kind of which is the financial and industrial group in modern conditions and to identify the features of its legal capacity in the context of the civil law theory and practice. To achieve the goal, such methods of scientific knowledge as the historical and legal, comparative and formal legal ones were used. Results: the stages of formation and development of production and economic complexes in Russia are considered, their corporate structure is defined, and their features which are general and distinguished from modern types of business associations are revealed. The paper reveals the economic and legal nature of such complexes, their role in the process of cooperation of the national economy. Conclusions: modern corporate enterprises are a kind of production and economic complexes.

On improvement of corporate relations in the mining and metallurgical complex of Russia

The article emphasizes the need to improve the mechanisms of corporate interaction of companies of the domestic mining and metallurgical complex (MMC). A brief description of the modern iron ore base of Russia is given, rational industrial operation of which implies further innovative development of iron ore raw materials processing industries, strengthening of the position of Russian metallurgical and mining companies in domestic and world markets. The main typological forms of integration interaction between metallurgical and mining segments of MMC are considered. A brief analysis of the content of the corporate governance codes used by MMC companies has been provided. Key principles of improvement of integration interaction of mining-enrichment and metallurgical in the framework of industry corporate associations are proposed. Among them — factors (conditions) of strategic planning of development of MMC business groups. Recommendations are given to improve the practice of strategic planning of supply and investment activities of mining and processing mills.

Congruence Effects of Corporate Associations and Crisis Issue on Crisis Communication Strategies

We investigated how consumers' perception of fit between corporate associations (i.e., corporate ability) and the crisis issue (i.e., ethical violation or product failure) moderated the effects of type of crisis communication strategy (i.e., apology or excuse). Undergraduates (N = 133) at a university in the United States took part in a 2 (perceived fit: congruence vs. incongruence) × 2 (type of strategy: excuse vs. apology) web-based experiment. The results showed a significant moderating role of perceived fit in determining the effectiveness of the strategies. We found that it was more effective for the company to apologize than it was to make an excuse when the crisis involved an issue that was a violation of the company's key corporate associations, whereas making an excuse was the more effective strategy when the crisis involved an issue that was not relevant to the company's corporate associations. The results further suggested that consumers' feelings of betrayal mediated the interaction effect of their perception of fit and type of crisis communication strategy on their attitudes toward the company.