Oxidative Stress in Muscle Growth and Adaptation to Physical Exercise

In a few last decades oxidative stress detected in a variety of physiological processeswhere reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a central role. Theyare directly involved in oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In certain concentrationsthey are necessary for cell division, proliferation and apoptosis. Contractile muscle tissue at aerobicconditions form high ROS flow that may modulate a variety of cell functions, for exampleproliferation. However, slight increase in ROS level provide hormetic effect which may participatein adaptation to heavy weight training resulted in hypertrophy and proliferation of skeletal musclefibers. This review will discuss ROS types, sites of generation, strategies to increase forceproduction and achieve skeletal muscle hypertrophy