Un desplazamiento virtual y visual al espacio híbrido a través de la figura del flâneur

Este artículo se propone rescatar la figura del flâneur para adaptarla a los nuevos espacios generados por el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, recuperando la actividad de caminar como experiencia estética, esta vez en un espacio híbrido donde cuerpo, tecnología y ciudad se combinan para obtener nuevos puntos de vista y ofrecer nuevas experiencias en el espacio, planteando un desplazamiento desde el espacio virtual al espacio físico; una mirada vertical que se va distanciando, desde la invención de la perspectiva en el Renacimiento, hasta la actualidad, donde el globo terráqueo se presenta como un espacio abarcable y visualmente transitable a través de una interfaz. Frente a la experiencia vertical y virtual que permite sobrevolar el espacio, se propone un aterrizaje para experimentar la visión horizontal, que es la mirada del flâneur, quien utiliza el cuerpo y esta vez la tecnología, para, a través del movimiento producido por el acto de caminar, establecer un contacto directo con la ciudad y sus habitantes y así re-conocer un entorno que se presenta cada vez más abstracto.Palabras-Clave: FLÂNEUR; CIUDAD; FÍSICO; DIGITAL; HÍBRIDO A virtual and visual shift to the hybrid space through the figure of flâneurAbstractThis article aims to rescue the figure of the flâneur to adapt it to the new spaces generated by the use of new technologies, recovering the activity of walking as an aesthetic practice, this time in a hybrid space where body, technology and city are combined to get new viewpoints and offer new experiences in the space, posing a displacement from the virtual to physical space; a vertical look to be moving away from the invention of perspective in the Renaissance to the present, where the globe is presented as an understandable and visually passable through an interface space. Faced with the vertical and virtual experience that allows flying over space, a landing to experience horizontal view, that is the gaze of the flâneur, who uses the body and this time the technology is proposed to, through movement produced by the act of walking, establish direct contact with the city and its inhabitants and thus recognize an environment that is increasingly abstract.Keywords: FLÂNEUR; CITY; PHYSICAL; DIGITAL; HYBRID

Reflection about Popular Culture in the Context of Visual Communication

Taking popular culture in the context of visual communication as its research objectives, this article mainly analyses the visual hegemony of popular culture and the plight of paper-reading from the perspective of a reflective angle of view under the visual shift of popular culture. It reveals that the visual shift of popular culture causes the plight of paper-reading and has adverse affect on human thinking and traditional cultural heritage. Meanwhile, human are always be "monitored" and the privacy can not be protected. And the willing to be “monitored” and adopt privacy becomes the means for individual or group to get benefit.

Visual-Shift Adaptation Is Composed of Separable Sensory and Task-Dependent Effects

Visuomotor coordination requires both the accurate alignment of spatial information from different sensory streams and the ability to convert these sensory signals into accurate motor commands. Both of these processes are highly plastic, as illustrated by the rapid adaptation of goal-directed movements following exposure to shifted visual feedback. Although visual-shift adaptation is a widely used model of sensorimotor learning, the multifaceted adaptive response is typically poorly quantified. We present an approach to quantitatively characterizing both sensory and task-dependent components of adaptation. Sensory aftereffects are quantified with “alignment tests” that provide a localized, two-dimensional measure of sensory recalibration. These sensory effects obey a precise form of “additivity,” in which the shift in sensory alignment between vision and the right hand is equal to the vector sum of the shifts between vision and the left hand and between the right and left hands. This additivity holds at the exposure location and at a second generalization location. These results support a component transformation model of sensory coordination, in which eye–hand and hand–hand alignment relies on a sequence of shared sensory transformations. We also ask how these sensory effects compare with the aftereffects measured in target reaching and tracking tasks. We find that the aftereffect depends on both the task performed during feedback-shift exposure and on the testing task. The results suggest the presence of both a general sensory recalibration and task-dependent sensorimotor effect. The task-dependent effect is observed in highly stereotyped reaching movements, but not in the more variable tracking task.

Visuo-Motor Adaptation to Stepwise and Gradual Changes in the Environment: Relationship between Consciousness and Adaptation

Visuo-motor transformation in the human brain continuously adapts to the external environment, regardless of whether we are aware of the environmental change. This study examines the features of visuo-motor adaptation with stepwise and gradual visual shifts to explore the relationship between consciousness and adaptation. First, we ran psychological experiments, in which the amount of aftereffect was compared between the two kinds of visual shift. For most participants, almost complete aftereffects were observed in the gradual condition, while a slight aftereffect was observed in the stepwise condition. Interestingly, however, the magnitude of the aftereffect depended more on whether the participant noticed the visual shift than on whether the visual shift was stepwise or gradual. This suggests that participant consciousness is an essential factor in visuo-motor adaptation. Next, we built a computational model to simulate the experimental results. Its fundamental concepts were ""reinforcement learning"", giving a basic strategy for r choosing an appropriate motor command; ""modular architecture"", providing different visuo-motor transformations for different environments; and ""reliability of the internal model"", realizing an adaptive command selection according to the progress in learning. The behavior of the proposed model was examined in numerical experiments. Some related problems are discussed in relation to the results of psychological and numerical experiments.

Effects of Gaze Direction in Vision and Audition

We asked to what extent the respective gaze direction influences (i) the spatial congruence of perceived direction of auditory and visual cues, and (ii) the discrimination of the direction of target motion. With fixed head position, subjects directed their gaze in various positions and localised auditory targets (band-pass noise, 2 kHz) presented at one of nine positions (straight ahead, or four symmetric positions to the left or right separated by 2.75 deg, respectively). Forced-choice judgements, whether the sound was perceived to the left or right of a visual reference light, show that the azimuth of the sound was perceived as slightly shifted to the left of a visual reference when the gaze was directed to the left, and vice versa. The maximum of this relative auditory - visual shift was 4.7 deg over a range of 45 deg (left or right) of gaze directions. In (ii), a spot of light started at the centre of a monitor and moved at 2 or 12 deg s−1 leftward or rightward. Subjects reported the direction by pressing a key; their gaze was directed at 0, 8, or 16 deg to the left or right. Mean choice-reaction times increased with increasing gaze eccentricity, but differently depending on stimulus direction and speed: with left fixation they were shorter for leftward than rightward motion; with right fixation they were shorter for rightward motion. This effect was stronger for the slow than for the fast stimulus speed. Thus, facilitation occurs when stimuli move with moderate velocity toward the direction of gaze. While the auditory-visual shift in (i) may reflect an incomplete transformation of spatial (craniocentric and oculocentric) coordinates as suggested by recordings in the primate midbrain, the results in (ii) conform with reports of specialised units in the posterior parietal cortex (areas LIP, 7a, MST) that, in registering oculomotor position, modulate visual sensitivity.

Speculations on a Model of Prism Adaptation

Arguments and evidence are presented that prism adaptation results in a third end state in addition to the ‘traditional’ components of ‘proprioceptive shift’ and ‘visual shift’. That is, under certain conditions (most importantly, ones involving error-corrective feedback), exposure to prism-displaced vision induces a motor-learning component, referred to here as an ‘assimilated corrective response’. Thus the postexposure error in target pointing, the ‘negative aftereffect’, is postulated to be the algebraic sum of proprioceptive shift, visual shift, and an assimilated corrective response—at least in certain situations. Support for the existence of this third component as a form of learning is seen in the fact that it occurs primarily when prism exposure involves target-pointing experience, and that it is apparently subject to the effects of some ‘learning variables’.

Three Processes Which Occur during Adaptation to Transformation of the Visual Field

Changes in visually guided responses, including spatial judgments of object or limb position, which result from optical transformation of visual input are usually referred to as adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to show that the response changes observed in adaptation can be conceptualized as resulting from at least three distinct components—behavioral compensation, sensory adaptation, and visual shift. Data from a series of experiments show the nature of the interaction of behavioral compensation and sensory adaptation. Implications of this latter finding for intermanual transfer are discussed.