The Role of Education of Islamic Education Institutions on Religious Moderation in The Community of Perbutulan Village, Sub-District, Sumber, Cirebon District

Islamic educational institutions are places that can help people instill and develop Islamic teachings and values. In Islamic teachings, there is a teaching of moderatism that teaches a middle position or can be said to be not fanatical or excessive in thinking and acting. The education of Islamic education institutions in the village of Perbutulan plays a role in moderate religious education, influencing changes in social and religious behavior in community life as well as on priority fiqh problems that exist in the kelurahan of perutulan. As well as the role of Islamic education institutions in the attitudes of the people of the kelurahanperutulan towards differences in views between fellow Islamic educational institutions. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through interviews with those involved in Islamic education institutions and filling out online questionnaires to the community per month. The role of Islamic education institutions in the kelurahan towards religious moderation is as an introduction that in religion one has to respect one another, practice religion according to the guidance of the Al-Qur'an and the Sunnah. The Forestry Society does not argue over the differences between fiqh that exist in the community perutulan. with the existence of Islamic education institutions in perutulan can help people in carrying out daily life with religious knowledge that has been taught.

The host of the region: Johann Cornies and the colonization processes in the Southern West of the Russian Empire (the first half of the 19th century)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of Johann Cornies who was an informal leader of the Mennonite colonies at the first half of the 19th century. Research methods. The author uses general historical research methods, analysis of sources and contemporary historiography to recreate the image of this article hero. Results. A skillful owner and a successful entrepreneur, Cornies ran a number of business associations (“Forestry Society”, “Society for the Improvement of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Union”) founded by the Mennonites at the request of the Guardianship Committee. In 1820–1848 Cornies focused his activities on a comprehensive and interrelated process of the settlements’ and the region’s development. Those included the tasks of economic development and the search for this region specialization, as well as market relations introduction, administrative integration, colonization, social assimilation and ethnic consolidation. Cornies was motivated by his conviction of the importance of the market way of the Mennonite and surrounding settlements’ development. His innovative projects impacted the economic promotion of the settlements (their ways of agriculture, fine-fleeced sheep farming, cultivation of industrial crops, irrigation, and forestry) and contributed into the development of the region as a whole. Cornies also implemented social projects, reformed education, was interested in the development of scientific knowledge. Johann Cornies was not a part of the bureaucratic system of the administrative vertical in the Empire, but he was a kind of link that connected the vertical with economic structures at the local level. The Cornies’ phenomenon was a manifestation of the closed Protestant congregations’ under the conditions of colonization development, when they needed for economic adaptation and the preservation of their ideological identity. Mennonite society, which had traditions of religious isolation, could not perceive the leader imposed by the authorities. However, the congregations also needed the kind of personalities as Cornies was. He was a leader from their own environment, with “broad optics” of view, ideological breakthrough ability and analytical skills. In a general retrospective of the analysis of the economic development of settlements, the phenomenon of Cornies’ activity confirms that Mennonite society had the ability to self-reform, which provided them with a high position in the modernization processes of the Russian Empire. Practical value: can be used for synthesis works on the problems of colonization and Protestantism in the Southern West of the Russian Empire. Novelty. The image of the leader of the Protestant type in the Mennonite colonies was created. Type of article: theoretical and analytical.

Gutachtliche Beurteilung des Wildeinflusses auf die Waldverjüngung (Essay)

Expert assessments of the ungulate influence on tree regeneration (essay) Roe deer, red deer and chamois browse on shoots of tree saplings or fray and peel their bark. This ungulate influence can be so strong that it changes the composition of the tree species mixture and the number of stems. Repeated expert assessments of tree saplings allow a comprehensive statement about the strength and development of this ungulate influence and provide a basis for discussions about possible actions to be taken. However, this only applies if the expert assessment describes the influence of ungulates objectively, transparently and neutrally. In the text, the authors – members of the working group Forest and Wildlife of the Swiss Forestry Society – propose a concrete procedure for the expert assessment. The core of which is the assessment of the impact of ungulates in four classes. The use of these ungulate influence classes makes it possible to evaluate objectively the vertical growth of main and admixed tree species as well as the vertical growth of ungulate-sensitive and non-sensitive tree species. These classes enable a calculation of the proportion of forest area where browsing does prevent silvicultural objectives from being met with respect to i) the composition of ungulate-sensitive main and admixed tree species and ii) the number of stems (target values for regeneration). A harmonization of ungulate influence classes facilitates the assessment of canton-wide wildlife management units and gener ally simplifies the dialogue between cantons.

«Zurück in die Zukunft» – Rolle und Bedeutung des Schweizerischen Forstvereins

“Back to the future” – role and meaning of the Swiss Forestry Society Associations can be described as public goods and “schools of democracy”. They enable their members to participate in the political sphere and accomplish public tasks. Beyond this, we can view associations as a means for holding society together; they foster common values and norms as well as reduce societal insecurity. The Swiss Forestry Society, founded in 1843, has taken a supporting role in the landscape of associations in the 19th and early 20th century. However, since the 1990s, this association has faced declining membership, which raises questions about its role in today's political landscape, its meaning for its members and how it can adapt to societal change. In the context of the Swiss Forestry Society's 175th birthday, we addressed these questions by analysing historical documents and conducting interviews with members and experts. Responses show that the Swiss Forest Society plays an important role for current members' career as well as at the personal level in terms of solidarity in advocating for the forest. In contrast, former members say that the association is a club of ETH forest engineers which is neither well known publicly nor does enough for the forest itself. In terms of the future, the Swiss Forest Society faces the challenge to become interconnected across sectors. To address this, it will be key for the association to attract young, active members from different forest-related backgrounds who will engage in the association over the long-term and thus enable it to keep up with today's and tomorrow's (ever more digital) world.

Ein schriftlicher Thinktank wird praxisnäher

A think tank on paper comes closer to the practitioner This note informs you about changes which will be put in place in the Swiss Forestry Journal in 2015, as well as the rationale motivating them. The Journal is the most visible product of the Swiss Forestry Society, and has been its flagship for 164 years. The members of the Society accepted in 2013 a new, more streamlined concept for the Journal. From 2015, the Journal will only appear six times a year. It will remain the organ of the Society, and will continue to distribute news on forest related issues. In a survey, many members expressed their wish that the Journal should deal more with practical issues. This request is being followed in three ways: 1) short articles from practitioners and researchers (new section “Notes”), 2) a closer link to practice in every article, and 3) a more flexible interpretation of the rule that contributions must be original work. In this way, the Journal positions itself more clearly at the interface between research and practice. Its role is to promote, like a think tank on paper, high-level professional discussions in the forest sector and thus the sector's evolution, as well as to foster mutual understanding between researchers and practitioners. Also those who are not researchers are invited to take their pen and enhance the Journal's practical relevance by their contributions.

Entre la société et la forêt: voyage sur une interface (essai)

Forest and society: journey along an interface During the train journey to his work, the author looks through the windows on either side of the compartment. On one side, he sees the world of men, increasingly urban and technical, on the other, the forest. He notes that at the interface of these two worlds, the forester's work is becoming more and more complex and sensitive. He makes proposals about the scale of management of the forest, and the level at which the forester should become involved. He believes that today's generation is responsible for putting in place the framework necessary for the conservation of biodiversity, and proposes the creation of a specialised working group of the Swiss Forestry Society and a national centre of competence for this challenge. He notes the challenges for forest management and silviculture arising in connection with climate change and scarcity of energy. Finally, he concludes that because of a favourable politico-institutional context, the community of those responsible for forest institutions is morally obliged to act in an effective and far-sighted way to safeguard what has been achieved, while adapting to the evolution of our world and anticipating changes. The author concludes that the draft modification to the forest law at present being discussed by the federal parliament is a positive development, and calls on the forest community to unite in its support.

Wie Waldfachleute die Nachhaltigkeit der Waldnutzung in der Schweiz einschätzen

How forestry professionals assess the status of sustainable forest management in Switzerland The 170th Annual Assembly of the Swiss Forestry Society took place at Andermatt in August 2013 with the theme “300 years of sustainable management”. About one hundred forestry professionals took part in a seminar to debate the lessons of the last three centuries of sustainability for forest management. This article summarises the seminar results and draws conclusions for forest management in the future. The participants recognised that the greatest shortcomings were in the economic and social spheres. Measures were proposed in the area of knowledge of sustainable management, understanding of the forest ecosystem and in payment for forest services. The greatest challenge is considered to be responding to societal contradictions.

Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen zum Wildtiereinfluss auf die Waldverjüngung in der Schweiz | Results of various studies on the influence of wildlife on forest regeneration in Switzerland

Ten years ago the working group “Forest and Wildlife” of the Swiss Forestry Society described the situation at the time regarding forest and game in Switzerland. Since then data collection and evaluation methods for assessing browsing damage, but also forest and wildlife management concepts have evolved. A selection of the many activities in this field are presented in this article, namely the cantonal overviews of Cantons Glarus, Schwyz and Berne, the surveys on browsing intensity on indicator plots in Cantons St. Gallen, Glarus, Zurich, Schwyz and in the Bernese Oberland, as well as the Forest and Wildlife Reports and the Silver Fir Action Program of Canton Grisons. Furthermore the results of the Effor2 pilot program “forest and wildlife” and of the studies on the development of natural regeneration and the behaviour of wild ungulates in areas damaged by storm Lothar are presented, together with results from the 3rd National Forest Inventory. The results show: the proportion of forest area in the cantons with intolerable browsing damage seldom exceeds 25%. Browsing problems are more frequent in game protection areas. According to the 3rd National Forest Inventory browsing intensity has increased in Switzerland, but decreased in the Plateau. A diminution of the browsing intensity is also shown by the the surveys on indicator plots in Cantons St. Gallen, Glarus, Zurich, Schwyz and in the Bernese Oberland. In some regions one has succeeded in avoiding a loss of stem numbers due to browsing, even concerning the particularly vulnerable silver fir. This however remains the exception rather than the rule. This is the reason why Canton Grisons has launched the Silver Fir Action Program.