INTERDEPENDENCE OF PERSONALITY HARDINESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL

The purpose of the study was to identify the interdependence of the process of hardiness and psychological capital of the individual. The hardiness of the individual is considered as the main resource for turning life events into new opportunities and experience, despite the external pressure. The concept of psychological capital has relatively recently come into use. It expresses the general resource state of a person and is formulated as a property that makes it possible to evaluate one's achievements in life, and one’s potential. The article analyzes the theories of the personality hardiness and psychological capital in foreign and domestic psychological science and the relationship of a number of similar concepts and phenomena in it; the main components, characteristic features and the main signs of their interdependence. The conclusion drawn is based on the data of theoretical analysis and experimental research of the properties of personality and psychological capital. The experimental study covered individuals aged 19 to 25 (N=35). In the course of the study, two methods were used: "Hardiness test" (S. Maddi) and the test "Psychological capital" (F. Luthans). It was found that the basis of the interdependence between the components of hardiness and psychological capital are the following distinctive features – the relationship between "commitment" and "self-efficacy", the relationship between "commitment" and "optimism", the relationship between" control "and "self-esteem", the relationship between "challenge" and "self-esteem".

Empirical Research of the Hardiness of the Personality in Critical Conditions of Life

Uncertainty and instability haunt us every day in today’s new reality. The purpose is a theoretical justification and empirical study of the hardiness of the personality in critical conditions of life. Psychodiagnostic complex of hardiness is indicated as a factor of personality adaptation. High average and high levels of hardiness are characteristics of an independently developed personality with a high ability to adapt. It has been established that the average level of hardiness contributes to the optimal experience of situations of uncertainty and involves a person’s choice of coping strategies to counteract the new difficulties in professional and personal life. It has been substantiated that respondents who have high rates of hardiness have a higher level of adaptation efficiency. It has been stated that “risk acceptance” as the component of hardiness of participants of the “Work and Travel” program is more pronounced than in the respondents of other samples (t = -1.54). It has been proved that empirical research of semantic psychological parameters of personality hardiness in critical conditions of life allowed to draw significant conclusions. It is noted that the results of the study need to be operationalized in training, educational and developmental and psycho-correctional practices. It is emphasized that the obtained empirical results should be used in the training of applicants for psychological specialties.

Can Physiological and Psychological Factors Predict Dropout from Intense 10-Day Winter Military Survival Training?

Background: In the military context, high levels of physiological and psychological stress together can compromise individual’s ability to complete given duty or mission and increase dropout rates. The purpose of this study was to investigate if baseline physical fitness, body composition, hormonal and psychological factors could predict dropout from a 10-day intense winter military survival training. Methods: 69 conscripts volunteered to participate in the study. Physical fitness (muscle strength and power, muscle endurance, and aerobic fitness), body composition and hormonal variables (BDNF, testosterone, cortisol, SHBG, DHEAS, IGF-1) together with self-reported psychological factors (short five personality, hardiness, sense of coherence, stress, depression) were assessed prior the survival training. Results: During the survival training, 20 conscripts (29%) dropped out. Baseline aerobic fitness (hazard ratio, HR: 0.997, 95% CI: 0.994–0.999, p = 0.006) and serum cortisol (HR: 1.0006, 95% CI: 1.001–1.011, p = 0.017) predicted dropout in Cox regression model. Each 10 m increase in the 12 min running test decreased the risk for dropout by 3%. Conclusion: Although most of the physiological and psychological variables at the baseline did not predict dropout during a short-term winter survival military training, baseline information of aerobic fitness and serum cortisol concentration may be useful to target support for individuals at higher potential risk for dropout.

Meta-resource opportunities reflective mechanisms of life successfulness, hope and hardiness of a modern person

The article contains theoretical and empirical data on the study of metaresource opportunities of the mechanisms of a person’s life successfulness and their relationship with positive attitudes towards life and the achievement of life goals. The relevance of the scientific problem is to find new approaches to the understanding and study of the success of the individual in the modern world. The novelty of the study in testing the concept of life successfulness of a person as a meta-resource in a selfregulation system that performs the function of a reflective comparison of social and individual value bases in order to build its own concept of a successful life and acts as a system of interconnected mechanisms, personality traits and conditions. The methodological foundations in understanding life successfulness are the principles of regulatory, subjective and resource approaches. The purpose of the study: to study the degree of formation of mechanisms of life successfulness, as well as to identify their relationship with a positive motivational attitude and disposition of personality hardiness in a sample of respondents at the beginning of the professionalization process. The correlation analysis allowed to judge whether the relationship mechanisms life successfulness existence of interconnections of positive motivational attitude and personality hardiness. This suggests that respondents with more pronounced reflective mechanisms of life successfulness have a positive motivational attitude towards life, are involved in the situation and are able to manage it, open to receiving life experience, and self-confident. The revealed relationship between the variables indicates the presence of a complex regulatory mechanism of the personality, which allows developing and realizing the meta-resource opportunities of the mechanisms of life successfulness.

Self-Attitude and Emotional Experiences as a Factor of Personality Hardiness

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical research of the relationship between self-attitude and emotional experiences, and the hardiness of the individual. Hardiness is seen as an integral characteristic of personality that has a connection with the individual properties of the individual at every level of the individual. The study involved 147 people of all ages. The following diagnostic methods were used: Stolin-Panteleev self-attitude questionnaire, test "Scale of differential emotions" K. Izard, S. Muddy’s hardiness test (adaptation by D. O. Leontiev, O. I. Raskazova). The analysis of the results of the self-attitude survey showed that the indicator "Global self-attitude" in the subjects is at a high positive level. Components of self-attitude such as "Self-interest" and "Self-understanding" also scored the most points. The research of the emotional sphere showed the presence of different types of emotions, both positive and negative in the emotional life of the subjects. Correlation analysis revealed the existence of a link between self-attitude and emotional experiences. The results of the research of hardiness showed the development of this characteristic within the average values. Correlation analysis (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) showed a high level of correlation between the indicators of self-assessment "Global self-attitude" and "Self-esteem" with hardiness, and also inverse correlations between «Acute negative emotions», «Anxious and depressive emotions» and hardiness. The weakest relationship with hardiness was observed in the scale "Attitude of others". Regression analysis allowed us to build a model that explained the high level of dispersion of hardiness. This model includes components of self-attitude and emotional experiences: "Self-esteem", "Self-interest", «Anxious and depressive emotions», "Attitudes of others", "Self-foam". Among these components, the level of hardiness is most affected by "Self-esteem". Research has shown that there is a link between self-attitude, emotional experiences and hardiness. Also was shown that self-attitude and emotional experiences affects the level of hardiness.

TEST QUESTIONNAIRE "PARTIAL POSITIONS OF PERSONALITY HARDINESS": RESULTS OF CREATION AND APPROBATION

The article presents the theoretical construction, stages of creation and results of psychometric verification of the test questionnaire "Partial positions of personality hardiness" (PPH). Hardiness stands for the ability of an individual to assimilate experience and development during life's difficulties. Partial positions of personality hardiness cover a specific manifestation of the characteristics in different types of hardships, which is implemented in a range of emotional reactions and feelings, the nature of psychological difficulties, mechanisms of assimilation of problem experience, coping strategies and transformation of unpleasant circumstances. The developed test questionnaire contains 100 statements, distributed on 5 scales of 20 statements each: "hardiness in a situation of stress", "hardiness in a situation of frustration", "hardiness in a situation of conflict", "hardiness in a crisis", "resilience in situations of uncertainty". The algorithm of the original method construction provided for several stages that meet the requirements of modern psychometrics. At the stage of approbation of the test questionnaire its reliability (method of division in half, parallel test, check of independence of results from the personality of the diagnostician), obvious, constructive, convergent; competitive validity (methods of correlation, factor analysis), discriminativeness has been verified. The presence of correlations between the indicators of the PPH test questionnaire and the S. Muddy Test of hardiness (adapted by D. Leontiev, O. Rasskazova) indicates that the developed method measures the same psychological quality as the reference test, but low (from 0.20 to 0.30) and average (from 0.30 to 0.50) values of correlation coefficients indicate that the new method has different theoretical construction grounds. Comparison of data between the test-questionnaire of PPH and parallel tests ("Test-questionnaire of indicators' diagnostics of psychological crisis experience" (PE) (O. Sannikova, I. Brynza), and a method of "Self-assessment of mental states according to G. Eysenck") showed existence of negative correlations between of the majority of comparative methods' indicators of (p≤0.01; p≤0.05). The results of approbation approved the conformity of the created method in accordance with psychometric requirements, which allows to use it both for scientific and practical purposes.