TEMA DAN NILAI MORAL DALAM EMPAT CERITA PENDEK TERBITAN SURAT KABAR MANUNTUNG DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan struktur cerita dalam empat cerpen terbitan surat kabar harian Manuntung periode 1988 terkait dengan tema dan nilai moral. Masalah dalam penelitian ini meliputi (1) bagaimana bentuk indentifikasi cerita dalam keempat cerpen yang terbit di Manuntung, (2) bagaimanakah tema dalam keempat cerpen yang terbit di Manuntung, dan (3) bagaimana pula nilai-nilai moral dalam keempat cerpen yang terbit di Manuntung. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan teknik deskripsi, sedangkan teori yang digunakan adalah pendekatan intrinsik. Teknik analitik juga digunakan untuk menentukan makna isi cerita dalam cerpen-cerpen tersebut sebagai objek penelitian. Hasil penelitin ini menunjukkan bahwa tema dalam keempat cerita pendek terbitan surat kabar Manuntung periode 1988 di Kalimantan Timur memiliki perwatakan dan karakteristik penceritaan yang berbeda, sedangkan nilai moral dalam cerpen-cerpen itu sebagai cerminan kehidupan yang dialami masyarakat dengan latar, waktu, dan lingkungan tertentu yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya peristiwa di lingkungan sosial dan budaya di Kalimantan Timur. Kata kunci: intrinsik, nilai, moral, sosial, budaya AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the structure of the story in the four short stories published by the 1988 Manuntung daily newspaper related to moral themes and values. The problems in this study include (1) what are the forms of story identification in the four short stories published in Manuntung, (2) what are the themes in the four short stories published in Manuntung, and (3) what are the moral values in the four short stories published in Manuntung. This research is qualitative by utilizing descriptive techniques, while the theory used is an intrinsic approach. Analytical techniques are also used to determine the meaning of the story content in the short stories as the object of research. The results of this study indicate that the themes in the four short stories published by the Manuntung newspaper in the 1988 period in East Kalimantan have different narrative characteristics and characteristics, while the moral values in the short stories reflect the life experienced by the community with a certain background, time and environment the background for the occurrence of events in the social and cultural environment of East Kalimantan. Key words: intrinsic, value, moral, social, culture

Bearing Witness as Social Action: Religious Ethics and Trauma-Informed Response

Written from a standpoint of religious ethics, this article interprets the work of trauma response and recovery in transcendent and moral terms not always apparent to the practitioner or institution. This article provides a broad understanding of spirituality, transcendence, and faith as these concepts relate to Judith Herman’s stages of trauma healing and the characteristics of trauma-informed response articulated by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. These features are then mapped onto specific modes of transcendence and moral themes identifiable in a wide range of religious traditions. The connective framework for this mapping is provided by utilizing the concept “bearing witness,” as synthesized from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives, to describe the work of trauma-informed response. This article concludes by recognizing bearing witness as a form of social action, a moral response with implied if not explicit religious dimensions and spiritual implications, for which an understanding of religious ethics is a helpful ally. Thus, this article concludes that religious ethics can be a valuable resource and partner in addressing the personal, systemic, and political aspects of trauma response and recovery, enabling attention to spiritual well-being of both the trauma survivor and the one responding to the survivor.

Features and themes of poetry in KOPI (komunitas puisi Indonesia) facebook group

Going along with the development of technology, literary disciplines also have been developing. Cyber literature becomes popular in this digitalization era which explores the existence of the internet as the medium. One of the large cyber literary communities on Facebook is KOPI (Komunitas Puisi Indonesia) with 64 thousand members. Due to the insufficient research analyzing poetry in the Facebook group, this research analyzed the features of poetry and the themes of poetry in KOPI (Komunitas Puisi Indonesia). Descriptive and qualitative approaches were used in this research. Observation and documentation were used as the techniques in data collecting. The observation was done by reviewing the group’s situation and the documentation is done by reviewing the poetry collections that had been uploaded in this research from the beginning until the middle of February 2021. The data analysis techniques used Miles and Huberman techniques which include: (1) data reduction, (2) data serving, and (3) conclusion/verification withdrawal. The results of this research showed that the dominant poetry features were image illustration and the themes that were used by KOPI group members in writing poetry included the physical themes, moral themes, social themes, egoic themes, divine themes. Physical theme with the most widely used type of love. It can be concluded that the physical theme with the type of “love” is the choice of the theme that the author most favors.

Apolonia Gojawiczyńska a Bielsk Podlaski

The researcher analyses the work of Apolonia (called: Pola) Gojawiczyńska (1896–1963), a writer, independence activist, one of the most popular Polish artists of the interwar period. Her works contain psychological and socio-moral themes related to the advance of the proletarian and petty bourgeoisie community of Warsaw and Upper Silesia. The article focuses on the period when the writer lived in Bielsk Podlaski.

Art and Moral Understanding

This chapter takes up the question of whether we might gain moral knowledge from art. The first section takes up arguments in favor of the cognitive benefits of art. It concludes that the case for art’s cognitive benefits is at best unproven. The second section takes up the question of whether trying to gain moral understanding is the best way to engage with art. It argues that it is more fruitful to think of artworks as offering us moral themes to consider than as offering us moral claims to believe. The chapter then turns to a variety of non-propositional approaches, as well as the possibility that art corrupts or degrades our moral understanding, and it argues that the case for this depressing conclusion is at least as strong as the case for thinking that art enriches moral understanding. The upshot is that the case for moral learning from art is weak.

Tales from The Crate: Creepshow, EC and ‘Comic Book Style’

This chapter examines how George A. Romero's Creepshow (1982) integrates EC's comic book visual style. At the same time as Romero and Stephen King were building upon EC's moral themes by introducing their own preoccupations, what they were also attempting was to create a film that integrated horror cinema and the visual look of EC comics. Interviewed in 1982, Romeo claimed that although it was ‘the irreverence and that graphic nature of the comics’ that attracted him to EC, the influence of EC in Creepshow ‘is not so much visual’. It is possible therefore that it was King who was initially the greater advocate for including comic book stylizations, since they were ‘very specifically planned and spelled out in the shooting script’. Although the influence of EC visuals was apparently of lesser importance to Romero initially, in its conception Creepshow was designed to ape the style of the comics to which it was an homage, and Romero certainly embraced this in the shooting, deliberately introducing moments that foreground a comic book visual style, including animated sequences, an expressionist use of colour at key moments, and the replication of the experience of reading a comic book through the use of panels within frames, gutters, and comic book style shot transitions.

Arrian’s Scythian Logos

Arrian is unique in presenting Alexander’s invasion of Scythia as a failure. He does so to highlight a change in Alexander’s behavior after he has successfully procured sovereignty over Persia and to announce the moral themes of the second half of the Anabasis. To accomplish this goal, Arrian establishes a close intertextual relationship with Herodotus, borrowing vocabulary and narrative techniques from the earlier historian in order to encourage a comparison between Alexander and a series of famous Persian despots. Arrian emphasizes Alexander’s transgression of natural boundaries and disregard for divine law, thereby entangling his narrative of Alexander’s campaigns with Herodotus’ portraits of Darius and Cyrus in particular. By aligning his subject matter with that of Herodotus, Arrian also claims a place in the historical tradition as a new Herodotus.

The Writing on the Wall

Charles Dickens, considered by many the poet laureate for the poor and downtrodden of his time, had a great fondness for "religious and moral themes." As a result, "one does not have to read very far in either the major or minor works of Dickens to learn lessons contained in both the New and Old Testaments." Among his favorite biblical allusions are examples of the many hard "lessons" visited upon the rich and the powerful by a just God. One of the author's most resonating Old Testament references is to the "great feast" of King Belshazzar, the sixth century B.C. ruler of Babylon who loved gold and silver more than people, more than life itself. Allusions, subtle and otherwise, to this self-destructive tyrant appear—with telling effect—in several of Dickens's best-known novels, from A Christmas Carol to A Tale of Two Cities.

The Ultimate Fox in Lillian Hellman’s The Little Foxes

Lillian Hellman was an American playwright whose name was associated with the moral values of the early twentieth century. Her plays were remarkable for the moral themes that dealt with the evil. They were distinguished, as well, for the depiction of characters who are still alive in the American drama for their vivid personalities, effective roles and realistic portrayal. This paper studies Lillian Hellman’s The Little Foxes as a criticism of the American society in the early twentieth-century. Though America was a country built on hopes and dreams of freedom and happiness. During the Great Depression, happiness was certainly not present in many people's lives. The presence of alternate political ideas, decay of love and values increased life's problems, and considered a stress inducing factor were popular themes to be explored during the Great Depression. America, the land of promises, became an empty world revolving around money and material well-being and which turned the people bereft of love, and human values. Hellman’s play presents the real fox, represented by the political and material world, as the one responsible for the raise of new kind of people, the little foxes, and the decline of human value.

A Symbolic Reading of Wide Sargasso Sea

Wide Sargasso Sea is acclaimed as the masterpiece of the British female writer Jean Rhys. In the novel, Rhys reshapes the mad wife of Rochester, Bertha Mason, who is imprisoned in the attic in Jane Eyre. With her own life experience as a white Creole and her experience living in West Indies as a blueprint, setting the abolition of slavery in West Indies in the nineteenth century as the background of the times, Rhys restores Antoinette a real state of survival under colonialism and patriarchy, with a sense of identity loss and confusion. The use of symbolism is one of the most outstanding styles in description. Owing to the use of symbolism, the historical situation of Jamaica under colonialism and patriarchy has been successfully displayed and the abstract moral themes have been vividly conveyed. This paper seeks to set symbolism as a theoretical basis, classify and analyze the symbols in the novel in accordance with their roles in revealing the themes, illustrating a complete interpretation of the complicated racial conflicts and patriarchy oppression in West Indies.