UNIVERSITY ISSUE IN THE RESEARCH FIELD OF DOMESTIC PROFESSORS AT THE BORDER OF THE XIX ­ XX CENTURIES

It is natural for scientists, public figures, university professors and other higher education institutions, trustees of educa-tional districts, ministers of public education, statesmen, etc. to show interest in the so-called “university issue” in the conditions of formation and development of domestic university education in the XIX – the early XX century. Particularly heated discussions on this problem arise at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the activities of universities were regulatedby the reactionary statute of 1884. Many well-known progressives (V. Vernadskyi, M. Pyrohov, I. Sechenov, K. Timiriaziev, Ye. Tru-betskoi, S. Trubetskoi, P. Fortunatov, O. Shvarts and others) advocated the expansion of university rights, and the idea of an au-tonomous independent university became key. The position of supporters of the independence of universities was manifested in the relevant appeals. Thus, in 1899, ten professors submitted a note to the Minister of Education, which referred to the humiliating role of teachers, defined by regula-tions. In 1905, 342 scholars prepared for publication in the journal “Herald of Europe” a special document “Note on the needs of education”, which spoke about the progress of scientific progress through the efforts of domestic scientists and the inappro-priate attitude of the authorities to such achievements. Numerous publications show interest in the university issue. For example, O. Posnikov, V. Sobolevskyi, O. Chuprov substantiate the effectiveness of university autonomy in the columns of the periodical “Russian Gazette”. K. Timiriaziev in his own collection of articles “Science and Democracy” advocates the principle of academic freedom. P. Struve in the preface to O. Heorhiievskyi’s book “A Brief Essay on Government Measures and Predictions Against Student Riots” reflects on human rights violations in universities, the oppression of the rights of teachers and students. V. Vernadskyi writes in the article “On the Professorial Congress” about the importance of creating an “Association for Achieving Academic Freedom and Improving the Conditions of Academic Life”. The study made it possible to state a great interest in the “university question” at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. Note that this problem is related to the conceptual “idea of the university”, which is interpreted as a combination of the whole set of knowledge and ideas about the university: goals, objectives, principles, structure, functions, internal and external relations,place and role in society at a certain specific historical stage.

The Improvement of the Management Model of University Stadiums and Gymnasiums in Henan Province, China

Introduction. The opening of university stadiums and gymnasiums to public can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of mass fitness service and improve the allocation of university sports resources. It also has the function of promoting the reform of college physical education and improving its popularity. Purpose. The current management model of university stadiums and gymnasiums in Henan province is relatively backward, and the lack of management talents and management funds restricts the scale and efficiency of the opening of stadiums. The purpose of the article is to outline general problems in the management mode of university stadiums and gymnasiums in Henan province and provide possible solutions. Results. To meet the needs of daily teaching, it is also necessary to meet the needs of marketization of sports venues with the opening of college sports venues. This puts forward higher requirements for the construction, reconstruction, expansion, maintenance, security and service of the stadiums. This requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and will greatly increase the operation and management costs of college sports venues. However, the current provincial financial support is the main source of capital investment required for the operation and management of college sports venues in Henan Province, in addition to the school's self-raised funds. Due to the relatively low proportion of college sports funds in the provincial education funds, the investment in the construction and maintenance of stadiums is insufficient. The income-generating ability of universities is also limited, so the sports funds of most universities cannot meet the financial needs. The management mode of university stadiums and gymnasiums mainly includes four categories: independent university management mode, contract management mode, entrusted management mode and corporate management mode. Independent university management mode lacks management flexibility. Contract management mode can improve the utilization rate of stadiums; however, the cost of venue maintenance will increase. Under this mode, ownership and management are separated. Entrusted management mode had smaller degree of separation between ownership and management. Corporate management mode requires higher management level. At present, many universities in Henan Province mainly adopt the self-management model which has certain limitations. Therefore, it should be supplemented by the introduction of the other three models and be further compatible with modern Internet technology. As a result, a completely new model of opening up management is developed. Conclusions. To diversify current management models and establish a "people-oriented" management concept universities in Henan Province should appropriately introduce market models such as entrusted operation, contracted operation and corporate operation on the basis of independent management. More professional service concepts will be introduced to improve service awareness and adapt to changing market requirements through cooperation with society and enterprises. Appropriate market research on and off campus should be conducted before the venue is open.. On the basis of fully considering the needs of consumers, combined with the actual situation of universities, reasonable opening methods, opening facilities, opening hours, opening prices, and number of exercisers of sports venues can be determined. Finally, service-oriented modern management concept will be established. In this way, the dual goal of improving the quality of physical education in schools and taking into account long-term benefits can be achieved.

Frequency of extra-articular manifestations in cohort of Pakistani patients presented with RA at Independent University Hospital Faisalabad.

Objective: To determine the frequency of extra articular manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients at independent university hospital Faisalabad. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Rheumatology Division of Internal Medicine Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: January 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Consecutive Three hundred and twenty-three adult patients of either sex, of age between 20-60 years with baseline RA fulfilling the 2010 criteria of American College of Rheumatology. Extra articular manifestations were assessed. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of extra articular manifestations among different disease duration, age groups, seropositivity and disease score. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 323 patients with RA were assessed in this study. Extra articular manifestations were assessed according to clinical presentation. 15.2% (49) patients were found to have lung involvement with predominant interstitial lung disease. Rheumatoid nodules were found in 9.9% (32) patients. 3rd most common extra-articular manifestation was sicca syndrome, seen in 3.7% (12) patients followed by neurological 2.2% and cardiac was 1.5%. Other extra-articular manifestations were seen in 2.8% of patients. Conclusion: it is very important to assess the extra articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Early assessment and early intervention can decrease the disease morbidity and mortality.

Frequency of distribution of joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of joint distribution in rheumatoid arthritis presenting at Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Assessment of joint involvement in RA patients is not only important to determine the disease activity but also to assess the future joint damage. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: July 2019 to Jan 2020. Material & Methods: 384 consecutive RA patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, of either sex between age of 17- 60 years were enrolled from Rheumatology division of Independent University Hospital Faisalabad from July 2019 to Jan 2020. Frequency of joint distribution was assessed. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of joint distribution among different treatment groups, age groups and gender, disease duration. A p-valve of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study 384 patients with RA were studied. Joint distribution was determined according to pattern of joint involved at presentation. More patients (178) were noted in oligoarticular group, with predominant small joint involvement 111 (28.9%). 173 patients were noted in poly-articular group with 102 (26.6%) were in predominant small joint involvement. Conclusion: Pattern of joint distribution in RA patients is very important especially if there is monoarthritis or oligoarthritis, along with its association with gender, age of onset, disease duration, investigations.

Analiza przyczyn konfliktów na uczelniach wyższych i alternatywne sposoby ich rozwiązywania. Część I. Mediacja w sporach akademickich

<p>This article consists of two parts. The first part analyzes the causes of an increasing number of disputes at universities, resulting both from external factors related to the crises of the 21^st century and from internal factors, i.e. the nature of universities, the increasing complexity of problems arising at universities and the changing role of universities in society. One of the reasons for the increased number of conflicts is the treatment of universities as service providers, which is a result of a change in understanding the role of universities. Students understand their role as consumers and this change alone causes an increased number of formal proceedings against universities. In response to this trend, universities in many countries are introducing or considering alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods, which are less expensive and faster alternatives to litigation or disciplinary proceedings, and include an important element of universities’ mission of educating students in a spirit of respect and tolerance for the other party, and also choose methods in which the parties have the opportunity to influence the resolution of the dispute. The article analyzes mediation which is the most frequently used method of ADR in different countries in academic disputes. Although mediation, according to the analysis carried out in the article, perfectly fits into the idea of an autonomous and independent university, it is thus far widely used only in some countries. The analysis of the application of mediation in certain countries may be an important reflection on the more widespread introduction of this method at universities in other countries partiuculary because mediation is not confined to one legal system. In the second part of the study, the author analyzes the use of court proceedings in resolving academic disputes, the institution of an academic ombudsman, as well as mixed and adjudicatory methods of solving conflicts in higher education.</p>

Efficacy of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir in treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in treatment of all genotypes of chronic HCV infection. Study Design: Descriptive Case study Setting: Department of Medicine Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: December 2019 to May 2020. Material & Methods: Among patients of chronic hepatitis C presenting in the medical OPD of independent university hospital willing to participate, 80 were included in this study. They were given combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir 400/100 mg (FDC) once daily. They were monitored by serum ALT and PCR to HCV quantitative after one month and after three months. End point was undectable PCR to HCV Quantitative. We observed the number of patients achieving SVR after taking combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. Results: In our study, out of 80 cases of chronic hepatitis c 40% (n=32) were male and 60% (n=48) were females, end result revealed 98.8% (n=79) achieved SVR and their PCR remained negative at the end of 03months and 1.3% (n=01) remained positive despite antiviral therapy for 03 months. Conclusion: We concluded that using fixed dose combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir achieve SVR of 98.8%.

Prevalence of Hepatitis C in pregnant patients visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Faisalabad.

Objectives: To determine prevalence of Hepatitis C among pregnant female visiting a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: 1-1-2018 to 31-12-2018. Material & Methods: Total 4210 pregnant patients visited during this time period. Results: During the study period i-e from 1-1-2018 to 31-12-2018, total 4210 obstetric patients visited Independent University Hospital. Among them 463 were Anti HCV +with % age of 10.9. Our study showed that 28 patients (6%) were <19 yrs of age, 35 patients (7%) were 20 to 25 yrs. 48 patients (10%) were 26 to 29 yrs.151 patients (32%) were 30 to 35 yrs of age. 201 patients (43%) were more than 35 yrs. Our result has shown that most of the infected patients were having their 5th or more pregnancy (202%). 182 patients (39%) were G4 or G5.47 patients (10%) were having their 2nd or 3rd pregnancy while only 32 (6%) primigravidas had this infection. Our study has shown that 325(70%) patients were of rural background while 135(29%) patients belonged to urban areas. When these Hepatitis C+ve patients were analyzed for risk factors, 91 had some dental manipulation in the past (19%), 104 had history of previous blood transfusion or some parental infusions (22%) 32 patients (6.9%) had their partners infected with Hepatitis C. 161 patients (34%) had history of some surgery or previous vaginal delivery at some centre where sterilization was not standardized. 75 patients (16%) had no identifiable risk factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis C is quite high in pregnant patients of Faisalabad. There is a dire need to address the factors involved in transmission of disease. Health policies should be revised to decrease the spread of this virus. Increased awareness is needed among the people regarding its transmission and early diagnosis so that curative measures should be timely taken to avoid the dreadful complications of Hepatitis C.

MON-119 Osteoporosis Practice: A Pilot Survey of Primary Care Medical Residents

Background: Patients with osteoporosis are not adequately managed. This pilot study was aimed at evaluating primary care medical residents’ confidence and knowledge to diagnose and treat osteoporosis. Methods: A 16-item, a paper-based de-identified survey was administered to all participating primary care medical residents at two independent University programs. Questions collected information on resident demographics, prior endocrinology exposure through a rotation or a didactic in osteoporosis, future career plan, and assessed confidence and knowledge about screening, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare mean ranks and tetrachoric correlations were used to assess the correlation between variables. Results: A total of 66 (24.4%) residents completed the survey with 59% being male, 64% were in the 1st and 2nd year of training (junior residents) and 36% were in their 3rd and 4th year of training (senior residents). Forty-eight percent had completed endocrinology rotation and 74% had attended a didactic in osteoporosis. Residents who had an endocrine rotation had significantly higher confidence (p= 0.003) and knowledge (p= 0.04) to diagnose and treat osteoporosis. Residents who attended endocrine didactics had significantly higher confidence (p=0.04) but no difference in knowledge (p= 0.1). Senior residents had a positive correlation between confidence and knowledge (rho= 0.4, p=0.02). There was no difference in confidence level between males and females. Senior residents who had completed an endocrinology rotation were more likely to respond that they feel confident to obtain osteoporosis history and perform a physical exam compared to those who had not completed an endocrinology rotation (p=0.04). Female junior residents who attended didactics were more likely to respond that they have a higher confidence level to screen (p=0.02) and diagnose (p=0.007) osteoporosis compared with female junior residents who did not attend didactics. There was a strong positive correlation between confidence and knowledge for osteoporosis screening among senior residents who attended didactics (rho=0.8, p&lt;0.0001) and for female residents overall (rho=0.75, p&lt;0.0001). Confidence and knowledge for management of osteoporosis were highly correlated among junior residents who had completed endocrine rotation (rho=1, p&lt;0.0001). Limitation: Limitations of this study include its small sample size and lack of generalizability. Conclusion: This pilot study provides important insights into the confidence and knowledge among in-training primary care medical residents in two independent University programs. Curriculum development should focus on practical and measurable modules to improve resident knowledge. Findings from this survey need to be replicated in a larger sample size study.

Frequency of hypocalcemia and indirect hyperbilirubinemia in preterm babies remain admitted in Independent University Hospital.

Introduction: Premature birth and low-birth weight are major causes of neonatal mortality, occurrence is 29%. Complications of prematurity and its risk factors are comparatively lesser in late preterm babies. Preterm babies are at higher risk of development of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus sepsis, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcaemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. No recent and current reliable data is available regarding frequency of hyperbilirubinemia and metabolic abnormalities in very preterm babies. Early detection of hyper-bilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and hypocalcaemia can help in better management and decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the frequency of hyper-bilirubinemia and metabolic abnormalities in very preterm babies. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Neonatology department, Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 14thJune 2016 to 13thJuly 2017. Material & Methods: 120 very preterm singleton babies born between 28–34 weeks gestation, without lethal congenital anomalies and birth weight > 500 gram presenting in neonatal emergency within first 24 hours of birth were included. Neonates born to mothers with diabetes mellitus, addiction, renal failure, hemoglubinopathies, Rh negative blood group along with neonates with toxemia, congenital pneumonia, congenital malformation, or any genetic syndrome were excluded. Results: Mean gestational age was 31±1.4weeks. Male patients were dominant (52%) than the females (48%). Hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia was present in 68(57%), 27(22.5%) and 23(19%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Hyperbilirubinemia and metabolic abnormalities are common in very preterm babies and by knowing the magnitude of these problems early preventive measure can be acquired to reduce the neonatal mortality and morbidity