The spatial competition between containerised rail and sea transport in Eurasia

The competition in space between rail and sea transport is of great significance to the integration of Eurasia. This paper proposes a land and sea transport spatial balance model for container transport, which can extract a partition line on which transport costs by rail and sea are equal given a destination. Four scenarios are discussed to analyse the effects of different factors on the model. Then the model is empirically tested on current rail and sea transport networks to identify the transport competition pattern in Eurasia. The location of destinations, the freight costs, and time costs are the three main factors affecting the model. Among them, time costs are determined by the value of a container and its contents, the interest rate, and by time differences between land and sea transport. The case study shows that Eurasia forms a transport competition pattern with a land area to sea area ratio of about 1:2; this ratio, however, changes to 1:1 when time costs are considered. Further, the land and sea transport balance lines are consistent with the theories of geopolitics, which indicate that the same processes may exist in the spatial pattern of geo-economics and geopolitics in Eurasia. According to the balance lines, we get a spatial partition, dividing Eurasia into the land transport preferred area, the land–sea transport indifference area, and the sea transport preferred area. The paper brings a new perspective to the exploration of geopolitical economic spatial patterns of Eurasia and provides a practical geographic theory as an analytic basis for the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Invasion or Construction --A Brief Introduction on Trump Immigration Policy in Higher Education Circles

The new immigration policies introduced by Trump administration have saturated the world's screens, which have gained a mixed reception from the higher education circles amid considerable controversy, exacerbating the plight of the brain drains, hurting the enthusiasm of those who have a strong desire to live in the USA, particularly the college leavers, and triggering a decline in the quality of education for foreign students, which could be a game-changer in the competition pattern of higher education and loom large. On this occasion, in matters of China, some more robust methodologies are to jump at the chance, attract qualified personnel and present some more aggressive human resources strategies.

Suburbanization Effect of Urban outward Expansion in the New-type Urbanization and the Competitive Strategy of Assembled Building Developers

This paper expounds the meaning of urban suburbanization in a narrow sense and broad sense, and probes into the dynamic mechanism of suburbanization. The influence of the suburbanization effect of the urban outward expansion on the assembled building developers is analysed from three aspects: the selection of the target market, the positioning of the market and the assembled building development structure. Based on the Salop Circumferential City Model, two stages of game analysis are carried out for the competition of assembled building developers. The research results show that in the process of suburbanization of most cities in China at present, it still stays at the stage of circular competition. With the continuous agglomeration of large population, industry and commerce in the suburbs of cities, the circular competition pattern of developers will be transformed into plate competition pattern.

Technological Innovation and LED Lighting Industry Development in China

Current lighting industry faces a new situation, and that is rapid progress of technology in the world, rise of emerging applications, acceleration of market penetration and adjustment of competition pattern. The concentration of China’s industries has been further improved. Leading enterprises have accelerated their expansion, and overseas market expansion has accelerated. Integrating mergers and acquisitions becomes the mainstream. The study combed present development situation and current problems of China’s LED lighting industry. A case was chose to analyze technological innovation’s effect on development of LED lighting industry, and the suggestions for further developing China’s LED lighting industry were put forward. Results show that the key technology of lighting industry makes a significant breakthrough in China and optimizes product structure.