To Study the Effective Utilization of Total Station, GPS, Laser Scanning Equipment

In a budget of Fy2020 Indian Construction sector adapted special place in it , There is rapid growth and implementation of new technology in infrastructure has been seen. Restrained development in sector of survey and analysis which is backbone of civil engineering is also observed. Use of highly precise and more rapid electronic instrument in field of surveying has shown upper hand over the conventional technologies. Following research deals with the implementation and user interference of newly adapted tools correlative to the old one. Till to date the cloth or metal tapes, surveying chains were used to measure rectilinear or linear intervals while 30’ or 20’ theodolite is used to carry out horizontal as well as vertical angular measurements. While most of levelling task of cutting or filling or gradient drawing were made with help of dumpy level and staff. But prime trouble of working on such traditional tools are very time-consuming, laborious and have chance of instrument or human error due to defective calibration. So for Precise and accurate work modern equipment are preferred e.g Total station, GPS, electronic compass. Thus following research deals with study of such few modern tools.

ELECTRONIC COMPASS FOR UNMANNED SHIPS

Principle of action of semiconductor two-collector magnetic transistors and possibility of creation on their basis of electronic compass is covered in the article. Level of automation of marine ships navigation, appearance of the autonomous fully automated ships without a crew, requires presences aboard the ship of device giving out a not visual, but electronic signal about direction of motion. An electronic compass on the basis of magnetic sensor semiconductor elements can decide this task. There is of most interest an electronic compass, a consisting of semiconductor magnetic sensor element, electric signal on the output of which is proportional to the level of the external magnetic field, and electronic chip processing a signal. In this article the example of laboratory construction of such electronic compass is described and his descriptions over are brought. Important, that this electronic device does not have mobile mechanical parts and mechanisms. For the increase of sensitiveness of electronic sensor of the magnetic field application of reflector-absorbers of the magnetic field is offered. Ferrite bars are used in this case. Bars are disposed both-side sensor, parallell to optimum direction of the magnetic field. In the experiments it was succeeded to get the increase of sensitiveness of sensors in 400 times. The reflector-absorbers of the magnetic field also allow to improve correlation signal to noise in 100 times. An electronic compass on the basis of magnetic transistors can be also used and as an element to control the course of marine ship. If a magnetic transistors is set to direction of motion, the change of loading resistances sets the zero of tension between the collectors of magnetic transistor. At deviation of axis from the set direction, tension of one polarity appears between collectors, and in other - opposite. This tension through the system of autopilot can directly control a steering gear and automatically to maintain the set direction of motion of marine ship. Experimental descriptions over of pre-productions models of magnetic transistors and flows diagrams of compasses are brought. An experiments show that on the basis of two-collector magnetic transistors can be created electronic compass not containing mechanically moving details, that sharply promotes his reliability and durability. An electronic compass will become the obligatory attribute of future autonomous ships without a crew. He will be able not only to replace a classic magnetic compass but also to allow to realize the span-new functions of ships control.

Velocity Calibration of Doppler Current Profiler Transducers

Doppler current profilers are used in oceanography to measure oceanic circulation but also in hydrology to calculate the flow of rivers. They allow the retrieval of water mass profiles in terms of velocity and direction. Direction is obtained via an electronic compass and tilt sensors, while velocity is obtained by measuring Doppler pulse shifts back-scattered by particles located in water cells allocated along the instrument’s measurement range. Current meters are usually tested in towing basins or hydrodynamic channels, but these facilities present limits in terms of the measurement range, particles concentration and time costs. This paper presents a novel method developed to test the trueness of these velocity measurements in the laboratory, along with the uncertainty of this test and the results obtained with current meters and stand-alone profilers. The method is based on the measurement of the frequency of pulses emitted by each transducer of the instrument independently, and on the simulation of received echoes by a variable frequency sinusoidal signal.

Application Topics of Amorphous Wire CMOS IC Magneto-Impedance Micromagnetic Sensors for I-o-T Smart Society

We proposed ten requisite conditions for successful development of wearable I-o-T smart magnetic sensors considering recent development of some successful micromagnetic sensors. We reported application topics using the amorphous wire CMOS IC magnetoimpedance micromagnetic sensor (MI sensor) on the geomagnetic field sensor for the electronic compass installed in the smartphones, the pitching ball self-spin analyzer installed in the professional baseball, self-driving magnetic guidance system, and the biomagnetic field sensing. Performances of the MI sensor overcoming the ten requisite conditions are discussed as a smart micromagnetic sensor on the basis of the magnetoimpedance effect in the amorphous wire.

The accuracy dependency investigation of simultaneous localization and mapping on the errors from mobile device sensors

Monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the most complex and well-known problems, affecting several scientific fields: robotics, computer vision, virtual reality. This paper aims to study the SLAM problem for the mobile device with a monocular camera and sensors: accelerometer, gyroscope and digital compass. The latter allow to obtain an additional estimation of a mobile device position and orientation. The aim is to assess the potential suitability and efficiency of using extra information from inertial sensors to improve the solution quality and to reduce the time to obtain the solution. The experimental part of the study, including both model and field experiments, allowed to determine the requirements for permissible errors introduced by the sensors of the mobile device. For a specific model of a mobile device, it is shown that the electronic compass meets these requirements, while the errors of the inertial sensors used to determine the movements are unacceptably large.

Improving GNSS Navigation and Control with Electronic Compass in Unmanned System

This paper proposes a compensation technique for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/real-time kinematic (RTK) course angle data using an electronic compass for an unmanned system. Additionally, the proportion, integral, and derivative control based on a back-propagation neural network (BP-PID) is introduced to improve the steering safety and riding comfort. The course angle jitter was determined. Because the GNSS/RTK receiver cannot offer stable heading data under specific conditions, including but not limited to susceptibility to obstacles, complex electromagnetic environment, and fewer satellites. The compensation algorithm is based on the determination of the GNSS course angle variance ratio and the asynchronous characteristic between the GNSS and an electronic compass. The combined data provide accurate and robust navigation information for an outdoor unmanned system. To address the limitation of the in-system parameter adjustment, a back-propagation (BP) neural network is adhibited to a conventional proportion, integral, and derivative (PID) lateral control system. The BP-PID control module updates the incremental PID parameters through self-learning, and results in the smoother operation of the vehicle. The flowchart of the learning algorithm and method of calculating the parameters are presented. A typical measurement was conducted and the obtained results were compared with typical RTK navigation results. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method was confirmed.

Design and Real-Time Implementation of a 3-Stage CnW Heading System on an Ubuntu Linux-Embedded Board

This paper describes the design and real-time implementation of a proposed algorithm for deriving an accurate heading system by fusing data from various inexpensive sensor devices that is comparable to more expensive maritime navigation systems. The proposed algorithm is a 3-Stage Classification N’ Weighing (CnW) Heading System with forward azimuth (FAz) and extended Kalman filter (EKF). Data from three Global Positioning System devices, an inertial measurement unit, and an electronic compass were fed into the algorithm that can be generally described as Classification N’ Weighing-Stage 1 → forward azimuth → Classification N’ Weighing-Stage 2 → extended Kalman filter → Classification N’ Weighing-Stage 3. The proposed algorithm is shown to be comparably accurate as an expensive marine navigation system, and it has less processing time compared to our previous work. The Qt-anywhere-based system developed on a Linux desktop was successfully downloaded onto an Ubuntu Linux-embedded board for real-time implementation. Important notes related to device naming problems when deploying the system on a Linux-embedded board are also given as reference for those interested to address it.

RANCANG BANGUN ROBOT PEMADAM API BERODA DENGAN NAVIGASI SENSOR KOMPAS BERBASIS ATMEGA 128

<p>CMPS03 an electronic compass sensor navigation sensor that helps in determining the direction toward the robot and in tracing the wall or room that works according to the principle of the compass in general. CMPS03 electronic compass sensor has two sensors that will detect ferrous magnetic Earth's magnetic field and also has a range of angles 360˚, the resulting data is then sent to the microcontroller <br /> <br />Keywords: Compass Sensor, Robot, and Microcontroller.</p>