LOW-RISE BUILDINGS AS A MEANS OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article deals with the key issues related to overcoming the complex of social, environmental and economic problems in urban planning, connected, firstly, with providing citizens of Ukraine with comfortable and economically affordable housing, and secondly, creation of life-sustaining living environment, environmentally safe, conserving natural resources. Foreign experience has shown the possibility of using low-rise energy-efficient housing to create a comfortable environment for people. The interaction of the system of principles of the organization of ecological low-rise residential development is the theoretical basis of the integrity of the organization of suburbanized settlement. This is aimed at the development of low-rise life-sustaining housing development in Ukraine's airspace. The problem is to conduct research on the creation of an environmentally safe, comfortable living environment in urban settlements and housing entities, taking into account the specificity of the location, the use of new engineering technologies of life support for use in design practice. Requires architectural and planning organization of low-rise residential development based on the consideration of environmental laws and in accordance with the interests of man. Three basic principles must be put first: 1) conservation of natural resources and the environment; 2) human factor - the quality of life support of the living environment for increasing the birth rate and life expectancy of the population; 3) the natural value of the territory. The purpose of this work is to develop systemic principles for the organization of low-rise residential development in the space of Ukraine's settlement, to create conditions for human life, improve the quality and environmental safety of the living environment. This is necessary for the stable social structure of society and the preservation of the surrounding nature.

Research on Establishment and Analysis of the System of Affordable House Supply System

The plan of “12•5” reflects the importance of the people’s livelihood, and the congress put forward to some measures about housing safeguard. When the central government vigorously promotes the policy of housing, it analyzes the group game among the large listed companies, the local government and the central government to obtain that the large listed companies can gain the benefit from the field of economically affordable housing and capped-price housing, analyzing the cooperative game among the state-owned enterprises, advising the government can cooperative with the state-owned enterprise to build the rental housing and mutually surrender part of the profits based on the credible commitment and the precondition of a series of preferential policies about tax reduction, analyzing the expectation of the consumer about buying or renting and the expectation of the company about the building of rental housing or the general commercial house to obtain that the consumer like to rent a house firstly and adjust their psychology, entering into the model of renting firstly and buying secondly. Establishing the system of housing safeguard with the above-mentioned analysis based on the game theory, the system of housing safeguard is improved with the adding of the large state-owned, privately-owned listed companies and the state-owned enterprises to provide a reference for the construction of housing safeguard.

THE ANALYSIS ON THE POLICY OF ACCESS TO ECONOMICALLY AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN CHINA: AN AREA CALCULATION MODEL BASED ON THE INCENTIVE MECHANISM DESIGN / GALIMYBIŲ GAUTI ĮPERKAMĄ BŪSTĄ KINIJOJE POLITIKOS ANALIZĖ: PLOTO SKAIČIAVIMO MODELIS, PAGRĮSTAS SKATINAMO

Currently, the subject of housing in China is of great interest to many researchers, since improvements in living conditions for the largest population in the world have not kept pace with the territory's economic growth. This paper describes basic social housing situations in China, and assesses the inequality in housing reform since 1990s as a result of overall economic improvement. In order to reduce the degree of inequality in China's social housing, this paper is focusing on the policy management of access to economically affordable housing because housing affordability in China is a pressing social and economic issue, particularly for low-income families due to an unreasonable mechanism. The related policies are analyzed in is paper by using incentive mechanism design, which reveals that supervision and announcement system, the restriction in current mechanism, and the area of economically affordable house are critical for the effectiveness of present polices. Furthermore, a housing area calculation model based on the incentive mechanism design is presented and an illustrated case of Beijing City is also conducted, which can maximize the utility of government considering incentive compatibility. Finally, some policy suggestions are explored including enhancing external environment and establishing internal mechanism. Santrauka Būsto tema Kinijoje šiuo metu itin domina daug mokslininkų, nes šalyje, kuri turi daugiausia gyventojų pasaulyje, gyvenimo sąlygų gerėjimas atsiliko nuo šalies ekonominio augimo. Šiame darbe nusakoma bazinio socialinio būsto padėtis Kinijoje ir vertinamas XX a. 10-ajame dešimtmetyje dėl bendros ūkio padėties gerėjimo prasidėjusios būsto reformos netolygumas. Siekiant mažinti Kinijos socialinio būsto skirtumų lygį, šiame darbe daugiausia dėmesio skiriama politinėms priemonėms, kurias pasitelkus valdoma prieiga prie įperkamo būsto, nes dėl neracionalaus mechanizmo būsto įperkamumas Kinijoje yra neatidėliotina socialinė ir ekonominė problema, o ypač mažas pajamas gaunančioms šeimoms. Atitinkamos politikos kryptys šiame darbe nagrinėjamos pasitelkus skatinamojo mechanizmo projektavimą, kuris rodo, kad priežiūros ir praneši-mų sistema, dabartinio mechanizmo suvaržymas ir įperkamo būsto plotas turi lemiamą reikšmę dabartinių politikos krypčių veiksmingumui. Be to, pateikiamas skatinamojo mechanizmo projektavimu pagristas būsto ploto skaičiavimo modelis ir atliekamas Pekino atvejo tyrimas, kuris, atsižvelgiant į skatinamųjų priemonių suderinamumą, gali maksimaliai padidinti vyriausybės naudingumą. Pabaigoje nagrinėjami keli politiniai siūlymai, įskaitant išorinės aplinkos gerinimą ir vidinio mechanizmo sukūrimą.

Game Model of Homebuyer’s Behavior under Housing Security System

Economically affordable housing (EAH) system is aimed to resolve the housing problem for people without housing or poorly-housed families. However, driven by the economic benefit, increasing homebuyers ineligible to purchase EAH provide fake materials to acquire EAH, which makes EAH system deviate from its original aim. In the paper, we put forth the critical value of surveillance intensity by the government through the game analysis on the government and the fraudulent purchasers and conclude that the fraudulent purchase can be effectively controlled as long as the critical value is satisfied. Based on this, punishment measures and intensities for the fraudulent purchase are surveyed and quantified, and thus come up with the various supervision and surveillance intensities needed by the government for each punishment measure. This provides a theoretical basis and quantitative standard for the government to formulate an effective management system.