Effect of different protein based feed on the growth of mahseer

For the proper growth of fish, it is necessary to feed the fish with a proper and balanced diet. A study was conducted to find out the effect of different protein-based diets on fingerlings of Tor putitora (mahseer). A feed with dietary protein levels of 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% were prepared. The effect of different protein-based feed on weight gain, standard growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), percent weight gain, food conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) was studied. An increase was observed in the growth rate with an increase in protein concentration up to 45%. The fingerlings fed a 45% protein diet shown the highest growth, followed by 50%, 40%, and 35%. The SGR value was greatest for 45% protein diet (8.56) followed by 50% and 40%, while the least values were observed for 35% protein feed (1.57). The same trend was observed for FCE. The highest PER values was observed in fishes fed 45% protein-based feed (0.65) followed by 50% (0.56), 40% (0.38) and35% (0.17). The food conversion ratio was lowest for 45% protein diet (3.41), while the greatest for 35% protein feed (16.85). It was concluded that a 45% protein-based diet was the best feed formulation for higher production of Tor putitora. However, research on the same percentage of protein diet is recommended for yearlings.

Efek Paparan Subletal Limbah Cair Industri Penyamakan Kulit terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan dan Laju Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

ABSTRACT Wastewater from the tanning industry of UPTD XX has entered the waters of Batang Anai River, West Sumatra. This wastewater quality exceeds the established quality standards and can be harmful to tilapia as a river biota. This study aimed to analyze the effect of sublethal tannery wastewater on food conversion ratio (FCR) and the specific growth rate (SGR) of tilapia. This study was conducted in three conditions: zero wastewater exposure (control), 1.85%, and 3.69% wastewater exposure. Each situation was set in triplo and observed for 28 days. We analyzed the correlation between duration exposure to the FCR and SGR by using regression and correlation analysis. Results showed an increase in the FCR value during observation in both wastewater exposure variations of 1.85% and 3.69%, with FCR values consecutively 1.19 and 1.75. At the same time, the control experiment showed a decreasing value of FCR. On the contrary, SGR values were decreased during observation in both wastewater exposure variations of 1.85% and 3.69%, consecutively 3.09% and 3.72%. While increasing SGR value was observed in the control experiment. A reliable correlation was obtained between the FCR and SGR ratio of tilapia to the exposure duration (r = 0.99). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed a significant difference between the FCR and SGR to the variation and period of direction. It can be concluded that the longer the exposure time and the higher the concentration of exposure, decreasing the food uptake of tilapia and reducing the specific growth rate. Keywords: tilapia, ratio growth rate, tannery wastewater, feed conversion, West Sumatra ABSTRAK Limbah cair dari industri penyamakan UPTD XX, Sumatera Barat telah memasuki perairan Sungai Batang Anai, Sumatra Barat. Kualitas air limbah ini melebihi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan dan dapat berbahaya bagi nila sebagai salah satu biota sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh air limbah penyamakan kulit terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan (Food Conversion Ratio/FCR) dan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik (Specific Growth Rate/SGR) pada ikan nila. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga variasi, yakni tanpa paparan air limbah (uji kontrol), paparan air limbah 1,85% dan 3,69%. Setiap variasi dilakukan secara triplo dan diamati selama 28 hari. Korelasi antara lama paparan dengan rasio FCR serta SGR, dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi dan analisis korelasi. Selanjutnya analisis multivariat menggunakan ANOVA two-way untuk melihat perbedaan signifikan FCR dan SGR terhadap variasi dan durasi paparan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan nilai FCR di kedua variasi paparan air limbah 1,85% dan 3,69% dengan nilai FCR berturut-turut 1,19 dan 1,75. FCR dalam uji kontrol menunjukkan penurunan nilai FCR. Sebaliknya, nilai SGR cenderung menurun selama pengamatan pada kedua variasi paparan air limbah 1,85% dan 3,69%, dengan nilai SGR berturut-turut 3,09% dan 3,72%, sementara peningkatan nilai SGR terjadi pada uji kontrol. korelasi yang sangat kuat diperoleh dari nilai FCR dan SGR terhadap durasi paparan (r = 0,99). Selanjutnya, uji signifikansi ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara rasio FCR dan SGR dengan variasi dan durasi paparan air limbah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama waktu paparan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi paparan air limbah, mengurangi serapan pakan ikan nila dan mengurangi tingkat pertumbuhan. Kata kunci: ikan nila, laju pertumbuhan, limbah cair penyamakan kulit, rasio konversi pakan, Sumatra Barat

Growth Performance of Mutiara Catfish (Clarias gariepinnus) Fed a Combination of Commercial Feed and Black Soldier Fly Maggot (Hemetia illucens)

The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate combination of commercial feed and maggot to produce optimum growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio for catfish. This research used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. The study was conducted in the Ciparanje Land Fisheries Area, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The research was carried out between January - July 2019. The treatments are combination of commercial feed and maggots consisting of A (control, 100% commercial feed), B (75% commercial feed + 25% maggot), C (50% commercial feed + 50% maggot) and D (25% commercial feed + 75% maggot). The parameters observed were survival rate, daily growth rate, length ratio, feed efficiency, food conversion ratio and water quality. The combination of commercial feed and maggots affected the daily growth rate, length ratio, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio of catfish. The survival rate of each treatment was 88.75, 92.50%. Treatment C showed the value of highest daily growth rate, length ratio, feed efficiency namely 1.86%, 1.40%, 65.09% respectively and the lowest feed conversion ratio 1.54%.

Penggunaan tepung daun kedondong laut beda komposisi terhadap pertumbuhan ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different compositions of kedondong laut leaf flour in feed formulations on absolute growth, daily growth, relative growth, feed efficiency, food conversion ratio. The test animals used were Nile tilapia with a size of 3-5cm in length and weigh between 1.3 - 2 g. Fish were stocked in nets measuring 50x50x50 cm3 with a density of 10 fish each. Fish were obtained from the Tatelu Aquaculture Fisheries Center, Dimembe District, North Minasaha Regency. The study was conducted by an experimental method using a complete randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of A without addition of kedondong laut leaves flour, Treatment B with addition of 10% kedondong laut leaf flour, Treatment C with addition of 20% kedondong laut leaf flour, Treatment D with addition of 30% kedondong laut leaf flour. The results of the experiment showed that treatment B was the best where absolute growth (23%), relative growth (287.3%), daily growth (3.93%), feeding efficiency (95.83 %) and food conversion ratio (1,044). Water quality during the experiment was in a reasonable range where the water temperature during experiment was 26oC, pH 7-8

Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Komersial yang Berbeda pada Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus

This research intended to study the growth of nile tilapia and commercial food conversion. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Fish feed used were Comfeed (Treatment A), Bintang (Treatment B) dan Lokal Food (Treatment C). Feeding dosage was 5% per body weight per day and feeding frequency was three times a day. The research used complete randomized design with three treatments each with three replications. Research results showed that treatment A had absolute growth 257,67 g, , relative growth 160,37% and food conversion ratio 1,81 while treatment B had absolute growth 240,67 g, relative growth 152,05% and FCR 2.36, and treatment C 235,00 g absolute growth, relative growth 147,04% and FCR 2.41. Statistic analysis found abosolute growth of fish in treatment A different significantly compared to treatment B and C. Treatment A and B had similar effect but different significantly compared to treatment C. It could be concluded that the use of comfeed was better to increase fish growth and FCR as compared to treatment B and C. Keywords: growth, nile tilapia, food conversion ratio, commercial feed

Budidaya Ikan Kerapu (Epinephelus tauvina Forsskal, 1775) dan Ikan Beronang (Siganus canaliculatus Park, 1797) dalam Karamba Jaring Apung dengan Sistim Polikultur

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the daily growth ratio, food conversion ratio and mortality of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) and rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus) in floating net with polyculture system. This experiment was done at the coastal area of Tomini Bay in the North Sulawesi Province. The observations were done every two weeks for three months from August - November 2014. Twenty five groupers (62.41 grams in ABWo) and twenty five rabbit fish (52.2 grams in ABWo) were used for polyculture experiment, while fifty groupers (56.71 grams in ABWo) for monoculture. The results indicated that the daily individual growth of Epinephelus tauvina on polyculture was 1.29%, with food conversion ratio 6.1, while it on monoculture was 1,18%, with food conversion ratio 6.4. The daily individual growth of Siganus canaliculatus on polyculture was 0,8%, with food conversion ratio 3.8. Mortality for all species studied were 0%. The present research showed that the polyculture system was better than monoculture system. The future studies suggest that the polyculture system in the floating net may be developed and applied as a mariculture model in the North Sulawesi Province for prosperous life of fisherman. Keywords: Epinephelus tauvina, Siganus canaliculatus, polyculture system, floating net, prosperous life, fisherman.

Application of probiotic bacteria isolated from catfish (Clarias batrachus) intestine to enhance growth performance and resistance of carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila

The objective of research was to isolate probiotic bacteria from catfish intestine and to examine its effects on the growth and resistance of carp against Aeromonas hydrophila. The probiotic isolated from intestine was grown on MRS agar. Fish used in this research was juvenile of carp with an average weight of 5.5 g obtained from Freshwater Aquaculture Board at Tatelu Village, North Sulawesi Province. Before running the experiment, the juveniles were adapted for one weeks in 15 glass aquaria at a density of 15 individuals each. After acclimatization, the fish were fed diet supplemented with probiotic at different concentrations namely 1x109 , 1x108 , 1x107, 1x106 cfu/mL for three weeks. The fish were fed two times a dayat 08.00 am and 17.00 pm with a dose of 5% of body weight per day. At the end of feeding, the fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. Data collected included average growth rate, absolute growth, feed efficiency, and food conversion ratio. Research results found that the addition of probiotic into feed was able to increase growth and feed efficiency and reduce food conversion ratio as well (p<0.01). The best growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio were obtained in fish fed diet added with probiotic bacteria at 1x108 cfu/mL. The highest survival rate was also observed in fish probiotic diet containing 1x108 cfu/mL. As conclusion, probiotic bacteria isolated from catfish intestine was potential to improve growth, feed efficiency, reduce food conversion ratio and increase resistance of fish against bacterial pathogen.Keywords: probiotic, carp, Aeromonas hydrophila, feed efficiency, food conversion ratioABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri probiotik dari usus ikan lele dan menguji pengaruh pemberian probiotik dari usus ikan lele terhadap pertumbuhan dan resistensi ikan mas terhadap infeksi Aeromonas hydrophilla. Sumber probiotik diisolasi dari usus ikan lele menggunakan media MRS (de Man Rogosa Sharpe) dan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophilla ditumbuhkan pada media TSA (Tryptic Soy Agar). ikan uji diambil dari Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Tatelu , Provinsi Sulawesi Utara . ikan diaklimatisasi selama seminggu dalam 15 akuarium dengan kepadatan 15 ekor/akuarium dan berat awal rata-rata 5,5 g. Setelah diaklimatisasi ikan diberi pakan yang ditambahkan bakteri probiotik sebagai perlakuan dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 1x109 , 1x108 , 1x107, 1x106 cfu/mL selama empat minggu sebanyak 5% /berat tubuh/hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari yaitu jam 08.00 pagi dan jam 17.00 sore. Setelah diberi perlakuan maka diuji tantang dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophilla. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari laju pertumbuhan harian, pertumbuhan mutlak, efesiensi pakan, konversi pakan dan uji tantang terhadap bakteri patogen. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa penambahan bakteri probiotik dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan, efesiensi pakan dan menurunkan konversi pakan (p<0.01). Pertumbuhan, efesiensi pakan dan konversi pakan yang terbaik dicapai pada ikan yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan bakteri probiotik 1x108 cfu/mL. Kelangsungan hidup ikan mas yang diuji tantang dengan bakteri patogen yang paling tinggi dicapai pada ikan yang diberi pakan 1x108 cfu/mL. Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa bakteri probiotik yang diisolasi dari usus ikan lele berpotensi meningkatkan pertumbuhan, efesiensi pakan, menurunkan konversi pakan serta meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh pada ikan mas.Kata Kunci : Probiotik, Ikan Mas, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Pertumbuhan, Efesiensi Pakan, Konversi Pakan

Penggunaan Tepung Buah Pepaya Carica papaya L Dalam Pelet Terhadap Efek Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus

This study aimed to determine the effect of papaya flour at different doses on absolute growth, daily growth, relative growth, feed efficiency, and food conversion. The treatments consisted of 0, 2.5%, 7.5%, 10% of papaya flour respectively, each with three replcations. The weight of fish were about 18-23.58 g. The fish were placed in aquaria with a density of 10 individual per aquarium. The experiment design is a complete randomized design. The results of analysis show that the treatments had no significant effect on growth, daily growth, relative growth, feed efficient, and food conversion ratio. However, treatment C (7.5% papaya flour) gave the best on growth of fish, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio.

Efisiensi pakan bertepung kijing Taiwan (Anodonta woodiana) bagi pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus caprio L.)

The objectives of research were to determine the effect of different composition of Taiwanese mussel powder-supplemented feed on absolute growth, daily growth, relative growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio for carp fingerling; and to determine the best composition of Taiwanese mussel powder-supplemented feed that gave the best response on carp fingerling. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Aquaculture Technology by means of 15 aquaria with a density of 10 fishes (3-5 cm in length) per aquarium. The research implemented Complete Randomized Design with five treatments, each with three replications. The treatments included A= 0, B= 10, C= 20, D= 30, and E= 40% Taiwanese mussel carcass powder. The fish were fed three times a day at 6% of body weight. Research result showed the best absolute, daily, and relative growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio was observed at treatment E. It was concluded that feed supplemented with 40% of Taiwanese mussel carcass powder demonstrated the best response on and growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio.Keywords: Taiwanese mussel powder, growth, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio

EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTICATED BARB (Barbonymus balleroides)

Barb (Barbonymus balleroides) considerably has economic potential as aquaculture commodity. However, there was still lack of development on aquaculture for this species. This study was conducted to observe the effect of different stocking density on growth of barb. The fish (body weight: 14.89 ± 0.13 g) were stocked in nine floating nets (dimension: 2 m x 2 m x 1 m) inside the concrete ponds with three stocking density treatments (10, 15, and 20 fish/m3). Each treatment consisted of three replications. Fish were fed on commercial pellet (30% of crude protein) as much as 3% of the biomass per day with twice a day of feeding frequency. Data of growth performances (body weight, specific growth rate, average daily growth, biomass, food conversion ratio, and survival rate) were collected every 30 days during 90 days of rearing period. Water quality variables (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were observed during experiment. The results showed that the optimal stocking density for the growth of barb was 10 fish/m3. Best value of food conversion ratio was found 10 fish/m3 compared with 15 and 20 fish/m3 (P<0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences on survival rate between treatments. These results also showed the potential of rearing barb on culture ponds with appropriate stocking density.