Florisztikai adatok a Tokaj–Zempléni-hegyvidékről és környékéről

Cikkünkben a Tokaj–Zempléni-hegyvidék területéről és környékéről (a Szerencsközből, a Hernád-mentéről, a Bodrogközből, a Taktaközből és a Harangodból) az elmúlt évtized legfontosabb és legérdekesebb florisztikai eredményeiről számolunk be. A Zempléni-hegységből két új védett fajt (As­plenium javorkaeanum, Epipactis nordeniorum), a Bodrogköz magyarországi részéről pedig hét új védett fajt mutattunk ki (Cephalanthera damasonium, Cirsium brachycephalum, Epilobium palustre, Epipactis palustris, Lycopodium clavatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Polystichum aculeatum). Számos ritka faj új lelőhe­lyére bukkantunk (Epipactis exilis, Dryopteris expansa, Blechnum spicant, Androsace maxima, Orchis cori­ophora, Orchis purpurea, Dactylorhiza sambucina, Sonchus palustris, Cicuta virosa). Továbbá sikerült megerősítenünk több olyan faj adatát, amelyek már évtizedek óta nem kerültek elő (Sedum hispanicum, Erysimum wittmannii subsp. pallidiflorum, Pseudolysimachion spurium, Botrychium lunaria).

Typification of Blechnum spicant var. fallax Lange (Blechnaceae)

<em>Blechnum spicant</em> var. <em>fallax</em> Lange is a fern taxon endemic to Iceland where it occurs in the vicinity of hot springs on geothermally heated soils. The taxon was first described by a Danish botanist Johan Martin Christian Lange in 1880 on the basis of plant material collected by Christian Grønlund in Iceland. Because its holotype was not designated in the protologue, we examined the extant original material including illustrations from <em>Flora Danica</em> and a single plant on sheet C10021769 (deposited in C) that was the basis for the respective plate. We select this specimen as the lectotype of <em>Blechnum spicant</em> var. <em>fallax</em>.

State and development of phytocenoses on research plots in the Krkonoše Mts. forest stands

The paper assesses the state and development of phytocenoses in beech, mixed and spruce stands on permanent research plots (PRP) 1&ndash;32 in the Krkono&scaron;e (Giant) Mts. in the years 1980&ndash;2005, i.e. during the air-pollution calamity and afterwards. Dynamics (the extent of change) of the vegetation structure has been expressed as the overall change of species composition in comparison with the year 1980. The change was quantified using the Euclidean distance or as the change of the several first ordination axes (DCA 1&ndash;DCA 4). Species composition was significantly changing on all 32 PRP stands in the period 1980&ndash;2005; some species completely disappeared (e.g. Cicerbita alpina, Lamium maculatum, Phyteuma spicatum, Viola biflora) or their ratio was reduced (e.g. Blechnum spicant, Dentaria enneaphyllos, Homogyne alpina). From the viewpoint of diversity, the most significant change is the reduction of species in the moss layer, which was observed in all types of stands; in beech and mixed forests the average number of species dropped from 4.8 to 2.7 (44%), in non-declining spruce stands the number fell from 11.6 to 5.5 (53%), and in declining spruce stands it dropped from 10.4 to 3.3 (68%). The overall reduction of species diversity ranged between 31% and 43%; the highest reduction was recorded at species with lower representation. The most significant factors influencing the species composition were altitude and exposition of plot.

Biodiversity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Five French Ferns

Five French ferns belonging to different families were investigated for volatile organic compounds (VOC) by GC-MS using organic solvent extraction. Fifty-five VOC biosynthesized from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and carotenoid-type compounds were identified. The main volatile compound of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. (Pteridaceae) was ( E)-2-decenal with a plastic or “stink bug” odor. The volatile profiles of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (Woodsiaceae) and Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth (Blechnaceae) showed similarities, with small amounts of isoprenoids and the same main volatile compounds, i.e., 2-phenylethanal (odor of lilac and hyacinth) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom-like odor). The main volatile compound of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae) was ( E)-nerolidol with a woody or fresh bark note. Polyketides, as acylfilicinic acids, were mainly identified in this fern. Oreopteris limbosperma (Bellardi ex. All.) J. Holub (Thelypteridaceae), well-known for its lemon smell, contained the highest biodiversity of VOC. Eighty percent of the volatiles was issued from the terpenic pathway. The main volatiles were ( E)-nerolidol, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and other minor monoterpenes (for example, linalool, pinenes, limonene, and γ-terpinen-7-al). It was also the fern with the highest number of carotenoid-type derivatives, which were identified in large amounts. Our results were of great interest underlying new industrial valorisation for ferns based on their broad spectrum of volatiles.

Protected plant species of forest, lakes and peatbogs in the Western Part of the Drawskie Lakeland

Protected plant species of forest, lakes and peatbogs in the Western Part of the Drawskie Lakeland A floristic study of forest communities, lakes, and peatbogs of the western part of the Drawskie Lakeland was carried out in 2006-2008. The study revealed the presence of numerous valuable plant species. More than 400 floristic lists were compiled. Plant surveys were conducted with the aid of the ATPOL square grid system. To increase the accuracy of the surveys, the basic ATPOL squares (10x10 km) were additionally subdivided into smaller ones of 1x1 km. The area of study was found to support 416 plant species, including protected ones: 17 species strictly protected (e.g., Blechnum spicant, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Drosera rotundifolia, Lycopodium annotinum, Utricularia intermedia) and 12 under partial protection (e.g., Frangula alnus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Ononis spinosa, Ribes nigrum, Viburnum opulus). The list of protected plants contains one species (Lobelia dortmanna) included in the Polish Red Book of Plants.