Ceramothyrium linnaeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Ceramothyrium linnaeae (Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales) found on living leaves of Linnaea borealis. Information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Sweden and Canada (New Brunswick)) and associated organisms (Metacoleroa dickiei, Equisetum fluviatile, Linnaea borealis, Linnaea borealis var. americana and Lycopodium annotinum).

ФІТОРІЗНОМАНІТТЯ УРОЧИЩА «ГАЇВКА» (ПЕРЕДКАРПАТТЯ)

The flora and vegetation of the forest range “Haivka” were studied. On the given territory 112 species of higher vascular plants were recorded. They belong to 98 genera, 45 families and 5 divisions. The article presents the results of biomorphological, ecological analysis and the frequency of species occurrence. In the biomorphological structure herbaceous perennials dominate (67.86 %), in the ecological structure – mesophytes (67.86 %), mesotrophs (78.57 %) and sciogeliophytes (55,36 %), as for the occurrence – species with a fairly abundant occurrence (44.62 %). Typical forest and meadow associations (Symphyto cordati-Fagetum, Luzulo sylvaticae-Piceetum) are descкibed. The sozological status of five species (Lilium martagon L., Galanthus nivalis L., Leucojum vernum L., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Lycopodium annotinum L.) has been determined.

Development of abnormal strobili in Lycopodium annotinum as an example of the reversion phenomenon in lower vascular plants

The formation of strobili, which are groups of sporangia-bearing sporophylls on shoot apices, terminates the axis growth in the majority of lycopods. Here, we present an interesting developmental aberration in Lycopodium annotinum L. The structure of abnormal strobili was histologically analyzed using the anatomical sections. Additionally, the expression patterns of LAMB1 and LAMB2, which are known to be specific to L. annotinum sporogenous and vegetative tissues, respectively, were comparatively analyzed in normal and abnormal strobili. Histological analyses revealed that the morphological and anatomical changes in abnormal strobili were related to the resumption of the vegetative growth of the strobilus apex after the production of several sporophylls and sporangia. The identity of both distinct zones of abnormal strobili, i.e., the basal sporangial part and the apical proliferative part, was confirmed by expression patterns of LAMB1 and LAMB2, indicating that microphylls in the apical proliferative zone were of the vegetative type. The results strongly suggest a change of meristem fate and activity in the process of abnormal strobilus formation. The abnormal strobili in L. annotinum could be a specific example of reversion in lower vascular plants. This phenomenon in lycopods is discussed in a developmental context.

The dynamics of stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum L. patches in clumps of trees left on the clear-cutting in pine forest Leucobryo-Pinetum

Clumps of trees left on the clear-cuttings have an important role in protecting populations of endangered plant species against destruction during silviculture activities. The aim of this study is to describe the changes in the area of the Lycopodium annotinum patches. The area of L. annotinum patch in clump of trees, have been significantly reduced during 5 years after clear-cut. In the first year of the observations, the studied population occupied an area of 69.8 m2 whereas in 2012, it was only 37.5 m2. Most of the shoots were withered away on the south side of the clump. The probable reason was too strong insolation. Shoots that survived were located in the north part of the clump – shielded by young trees and shrubs layer. At this time, the control patch of L. annotinum located inside the forest increased its area. Before the clear-cuttings, the annual growth of vertical shoots of clubmoss was higher in the patch located in future tree clump. After the clear-cutting, growth of shoots in this patch was shorter than in patch located all the time inside the forests. The most effective growth was observed in the third studied patch located in the clear-cutting border. The explanation for this phenomenon could be the higher humidity of habitat on this site. Clumps of trees left after the clear-cutting contribute to the protection of endangered populations, but do not eliminate the significant microhabitat changes. The clubmoss patches located in moist habitats are more likely to survive even if they are partially exposed to the sunlight.

Phyllotaxis diversity in Lycopodium clavatum L. and Lycopodium annotinum L.

In shoots of <em>Lycopodium microphyllous</em> phyllotaxis is extremely diverse. 24 various patterns were found in anisotomous <em>L. clavatum</em> and "only" 11 in isotomous <em>L. annotinum</em>. Spiral patterns expressed by k:(k+1 ) parastichy numbers were present together with typically whorled k:k patterns. In both species k number was higher in plagiotropic shoots than in orthotropic. It was also higher in <em>L. clavatum</em> than in <em>L. annotinum</em>. In the first species phyllotactic spectrum was wider with many patterns almost equally frequent, whereas narrow spectrum of <em>L. annotinum</em> showed clear dominance of only one pattern. The patterns, which are the most frequent in other plants, such as Fibonacci or Lucas, were uncommon in studied <em>Lycopodium</em> species. Discontinuous phyllotactic transitions occurred typically in two locations on the shoot: just below the dichotomic branching or above the borders, that separate the annual increments of the axis. Transitions were moderately frequent occurring in more than 7% of developmentally independent shoot segments. Dichotomous branching, resulting in variable shoot diameter, seasonal fluctuations of growth as well as a small size of microphylls relative to the shoot circumference are proposed to be the main factors contributing to the high phyllotactic diversity in studied species.