Tracheal tube fusion in Drosophila involves release of luminal exosomes from multivesicular bodies

Fusion of endothelial or epithelial tubes is essential for the development of organs like the vertebrate vasculature or the insect tracheal system, but the mechanisms underlying the formation of tubular connections (anastomoses) are not well understood. Tracheal tube fusion in Drosophila is mediated by tip cells that transform into lumenized toroids to connect adjacent tubes. This process depends on the Munc13-4 orthologue Staccato (Stac), which localizes to tip-cell-specific lysosome-related organelles (LROs). We show that tracheal LROs display features of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and that the tracheal lumen contains membranous extracellular vesicles (EVs), a subset of which carries Stac/Munc13-4 and is associated with tracheal anastomosis sites. The presence of LROs and luminal Stac-EVs depends on the tip-cell-specific GTPase Arl3, suggesting that Stac-EVs derive from fusion of MVBs with the luminal membrane in tip cells during anastomosis formation. The GTPases Rab27 and Rab35 cooperate downstream of Arl3 to promote Stac-MVB formation and tube fusion. We propose that Stac-MVBs act as membrane reservoirs that facilitate lumen fusion in tip cells, in a process regulated by Arl3, Rab27, Rab35, and Stac/Munc13-4.

Role of Fibulins in Embryonic Stage Development and Their Involvement in Various Diseases

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the evolution of early metazoans, as it provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells through the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. In multi-cellular organisms, ECM plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of tissues and in the development of organs. Fibulins are ECM glycoproteins, found in a variety of tissues associated with basement membranes, elastic fibers, proteoglycan aggregates, and fibronectin microfibrils. The expression profile of fibulins reveals their role in various developmental processes such as elastogenesis, development of organs during the embryonic stage, tissue remodeling, maintenance of the structural integrity of basement membrane, and elastic fibers, as well as other cellular processes. Apart from this, fibulins are also involved in the progression of human diseases such as cancer, cardiac diseases, congenital disorders, and chronic fibrotic disorders. Different isoforms of fibulins show a dual role of tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities, depending on the cell type and cellular microenvironment in the body. Knockout animal models have provided deep insight into their role in development and diseases. The present review covers details of the structural and expression patterns, along with the role of fibulins in embryonic development and disease progression, with more emphasis on their involvement in the modulation of cancer diseases.

Colpotomia post. or keliotomia vaginalis post., as a method of treatment of uterine appendages and their neoplasms.

In 1857 W. Atlee for the first time made an attempt to use the incision of the vagina, in the posterior fornix, to remove the degenerated ovary. This operation is colpotomia post. later it was repeated by some of the gynecologists (G. Thomas, Davis, R. Battey) and, according to Mignon's statistics, before 1878, there were already up to 113 colpotomy in the literature. However, this method was soon completely abandoned. There were several reasons for this; The main thing can be considered the fact that at this time, that is, in 70-80 years, thanks to the beginning of the adoption of the basis of antiseptics in surgery, gynecology entered a new era of development of its therapy and the womb was broken by the operation, on which sympathies and attention of all gynecologists. The enthusiasm for this method of treatment, which among some of the operators reached the pruritus secandi, brought enormous services to the development of our science. Tubes and ovaries removed during the womb - these trophies of unreasonably "useless uvuchіy", have enriched the pathology rooms with extremely valuable material for a detailed study of the pathology and physiology of female reproductive development of organs.

INFLUENCE OF FEEDING TYPE IN DAIRY PERIOD ON THE FURTHER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CALVES UNDER INTENSIVE CULTIVATION

The research was carried out in the conditions of the farm of FGUP RPZ "Krasnoarmeysky" named after A. I. Maistrenko of the Krasnoarmeysky district of the Krasnodar territory. The aim of the research was to develop elements of technology of intensive beef production when raising dairy bulls up to 12 months of age with the inclusion of starter feed in the diet and drinking different amounts of dairy feed in the first 5 months of life. For the experiment, black-andwhite bulls were selected from the age of 4 days, divided into 2 groups of 12 heads each. Bulls, which in the first five-month period of life replaced half of the dairy feed with starter feed and other feeds, showed increased growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs in the subsequent 6-12 month period of cultivation and fattening, they had an increased energy of average daily growth of 1142.8 g, surpassing the animals of the 1st group. In the first 5-month period of growing, the limited replacement of part of the dairy feed with mixed feed starter, abstinence with the supply of coarse feed in the first two months of life had a positive effect on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, tongue and head, as well as the intensity of growth, compared to analogues that received milk and hay. After the milk period of 6-12 months of growth and development, the positive effect of pre-enhanced development of organs (including the pre-ventricles) continued. Differences in the growing of calves in the first 5 months had an impact on the histological state of the tissues of the scar, mesh and abomasum, which also affected the differences in the growth rate of calves-analogues.

The echographic characteristics of structural and functional development of organs and systems in children born with low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight

Over the past decade, an increase in the survival rate of children born with low birth weight, very low birth weight, and extremely low birth weight has been observed in Russian Federation, which is due to transition to new live birth criteria. Premature infants are exposed to a number of adverse factors that have a negative impact on the development of organs and systems, which, in turn, can lead to the occurrence of acute and chronic diseases in various age periods. Therefore, neonatologists and pediatricians are dealing with a new cohort of small children who have particular features of physical and neuropsychological development which may lead to severe debilitating diseases. This review article surveys previous studies evaluating the echographic characteristics of structural and functional development of the urinary, cardiovascular and endocrine systems as a function of body weight at birth and gestational age, and in different age periods.

At the root of SPbSPMU: by memory of the founder of the Department of Operational surgery and topographic anatomy prof. F. I. Valker

This article is about a scientist, a surgeon, an anatomist, a founder of the doctrine of the development of organs and systems of human after birth. It is based on archival and printed sources. His role as an important organizer, founder and a head of the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute is mentioned. He was the closest student and a follower of of Professor V. N. Shevkunenko he made a significant contribution to the study of the morphological features of organs and systems during humans postnatal development. His outstanding abilities as an organizer and teacher are shown on the example of a creation of the department of operative surgery in Tashkent Medical Institute and in Leningrad Pediatric Institute, and also on being an acting head of the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy at the Military Medical Academy during evacuation in the time of the Great Patriotic War, and participating in the organization of assistance to the wounded solders during the Civil, the Finnish wars. His style of teaching, the principles on which he built his relationship with colleagues, students, doctors, and his role in educating of a whole generation of well known scientists and teachers is shown. A large number of anatomical facts of the development of organs and systems of human, obtained by F. I. Valker was summed up in his life's work: "Development of a human after birth" (1951). The evolution of the postnatal development of the nervous, cardiovascular and urinary systems, as well as respiratory and digestive systems is shown in this big work. This doctrine is still of a practical an theoretical importance for doctors of many specialties, especially pediatricians and pediatric surgeons.

DANCE THERAPY

Dance is the aesthetic language of organs and expressions. The dance expresses Karan, Angahar, Bhava, Vibhav, Anubhav and Rasas. Therefore, dance opens up a door to balanced delivery and development of organs and emotions, which gives satisfaction to the heart and mental conditions. The composition of Kathak dance makes the body a powerful powerful coordinated body and mental level and helps in providing spiritual peace at the spiritual level. Dance is a medium through which emotional energy is carried from one place to another. Dance therapy Kandabam Jimanchal is based on this. It can be called an experiment of speed that not only keeps us physically healthy, but also makes us mentally strong. Dance contains such elements by which the treatment of various diseases is possible. नृत्य अंगो व भावों की सौन्दर्यमयी भाषा हैं। नृत्य में करण, अंगहार, भाव, विभाव, अनुभाव और रसों की अभिव्यक्ति की जाती हैं। अतएव नृत्य द्वारा अंगो व भावों के संतुलित प्रसव और विकास का एक द्वार जैसा खुल जाता है, जो ह्दय और मानसिक स्थितियों को तृप्ति प्रदान करता है। कथक नृत्य की रचना देह को शारीरिक व मानसिक स्तर का समन्वित शक्तिशाली पुंज बना देती हैं और आध्यात्मिक स्तर पर आत्मिक शांति प्रदान करने में सहायक सिद्ध होती है। नृत्य एक ऐसा माध्यम है जिसके जरिए भावनात्मक ऊर्जा को एक जगह से दूसरी जगह ले जाया जाता हैं। नृत्य चिकित्सा क्ंदबम ज्ीमतंचल इसी पर आधारित है। इसे गति का एक ऐसा प्रयोग कह सकते है जो न सिर्फ हमंे शारीरिक रूप से स्वस्थ रहता है, बल्कि हमे मानसिक रूप से भी मजबुत बनाता है। नृत्य मंे ऐसे तत्व निहित होते है जिनके द्वारा विभिन्न रोगों की चिकित्सा संभव है।