scholarly journals Allometric growth and development of organs in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergyltaAscanius, 1767) larvae in relation to different live prey diets and growth rates

Biology Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1241-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Ranheim Gagnat ◽  
Per-Arvid Wold ◽  
Tora Bardal ◽  
Gunvor Øie ◽  
Elin Kjørsvik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Development Of Organs

Growth and Development of Pouch Young of Wild and Captive Dasyurus-Geoffroii (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Serena ◽  
TR Soderquist
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Medium Weight

Growth and development of six captive litters of D. geoffroii were monitored at 1-5 day intervals from birth until they were left in dens at about 62-72 days of age. Two neonates were 4.4 mm long and weighed an average 11 mg. By the age of 63 days, juvenile weight had increased 1500-fold, to an average of 16.7 g. Growth of crown-rump length (from 0-40 days) and the square root of head width (from 8-65 days) is linear with respect to time. Wild D. geoffroii were first observed to be left in dens at the age of 62 days, soon after outgrowing the pouch. Wild and captive growth rates appear similar through the first half of pouch life. At older ages, wild litters generally grew more slowly than captive litters; wild litters belonging to thin mothers grew more slowly than litters with medium-weight mothers, which in turn grew more slowly than litters with fat mothers.

scholarly journals Allometric growth in reef-building corals

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1851) ◽  
pp. 20170053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dornelas ◽  
Joshua S. Madin ◽  
Andrew H. Baird ◽  
Sean R. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Planar Area ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms ◽  
Colonial Organisms

Predicting demographic rates is a critical part of forecasting the future of ecosystems under global change. Here, we test if growth rates can be predicted from morphological traits for a highly diverse group of colonial symbiotic organisms: scleractinian corals. We ask whether growth is isometric or allometric among corals, and whether most variation in coral growth rates occurs at the level of the species or morphological group. We estimate growth as change in planar area for 11 species, across five morphological groups and over 5 years. We show that coral growth rates are best predicted from colony size and morphology rather than species. Coral size follows a power scaling law with a constant exponent of 0.91. Despite being colonial organisms, corals have consistent allometric scaling in growth. This consistency simplifies the task of projecting community responses to disturbance and climate change.

Growth and development of pigs: a reanalysis of the effects of nutrition on body composition

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Poor Nutrition

SUMMARYSelected data of McMeekan (1940, 1941) were reanalysed to compare the proportions and distribution of tissues, and the weights of some organs, in pigs growing at different growth rates due to differing levels of nutrition. The effects of variation in fat content were excluded, and the distribution of tissues was compared at the same total weight for each tissue, by allometric regressions. Except for components of the head and neck, and the stomach, the results do not support a concept of retardation of development by poor nutrition of those parts of the body with the highest relative growth rates.

Growth and development of water buffalo and Friesian cross-bred cattle, with special reference to growth and distribution of carcass muscle and bone

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Y. Abdallah ◽  
Karima A. Shahin ◽  
M. G. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Posterior Anterior

SUMMARYRight sides of carcasses of 12 buffalo, nine ½ Friesian ( Friesian x Egyptian Baladi) and nine ¾ Friesian ( Friesian x ½ Friesian) bulls slaughtered over the body-weight ranges 161–560 kg for buffaloes and 176–448 kg for cattle were cut according to the Chicago style of cutting. Allometric growth pattern and distribution of muscle and bone in the various cuts were examined.Buffaloes were similar to cattle in that muscle and bone in the limbs showed an increasing distoproximal growth gradient. On the ventral line of the trunk, muscles showed an increase in growth impetus from plate to brisket while bone followed a reverse pattern. In buffaloes, growth coefficients of muscle and bone of all dorsal cuts were similar except in the sirloin and chuck where bone was later maturing. In cattle, there appeared a posterior-anterior increase in growth impetus of muscle from the shortloin towards sticking. Within and between genotype-group results indicated that growth of a fatless cut is governed by the growth of its muscle rather than that of its bone.Compared with Friesian crosses, buffaloes had significantly greater percentages of their total muscle and muscle-plus-bone in the expensive cuts. As total muscle weight increased, the proportion of muscle in BLRC (see p. 318) decreased in cattle but remained almost constant in buffaloes. It was concluded that the previously reported inferior carcass composition of buffaloes relative to cattle is compensated by better carcass conformation and tissue distribution of buffaloes.

scholarly journals The Survival and Growth Rates of Woody Vegetation in the Man-Made Radějov Biocorridor During the Period of 1993 - 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-117
Author(s):  
Boleslav Jelínek ◽  
Luboš Úradníček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Given ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractThe first biocorridors were established in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 1990s. One of them, planted on a former agricultural land, was the Radějov biocorridor. This paper deals with the growth and development of trees and shrubs on three permanent research plots in 1993 - 2012. Repeated inventories of trees as well as monitoring of their biometrical parameters were carried out in both tree and shrub layers. The number of trees decreases with the increasing level of stand canopy. Moreover, mean heights, diameters and crown projection areas of selected woody plants were compared. Under the given conditions, the growth of these woody plants can be positively evaluated.

Interrelations in the growth and development of Lolium. I. Some effects of vernalization on growth and development

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Reproductive Phase

The responses of Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. perenne L. to low temperature seed vernalization were determined by comparing the growth and development of vernalized and unvernalized plants raised in the field and in a controlled environment cabinet. Vernalization did not appear to influence growth in the vegetative phase, but usually induced earlier heading and a greater proportion of reproductive tillers. Comparisons of vernalized (reproductive) and unvernalized (vegetative) plants show increased reproductive development to be associated with higher growth rates, lower tillering, and greater weight per tiller. High growth rates during the reproductive phase are considered to be due to the ability of reproductive tillers to grow more rapidly than vegetative tillers through the growth of true stem functioning as a "sink" for assimilate. Generalized growth curves for vernalized and unvernalized ryegrass grown under long days are presented and discussed.

A numerical study of the growth and development of Trichodorus christiei

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bird ◽  
W. F. Mai
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Morphometric Character ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Stylet Length

An analysis of morphometric and allometric characters was used to study the growth and development of Trichodorus christiei Allen, 1957. The magnitude, location, and time of morphometric growth was determined for 14 characters. With the exception of the stylet length, body width, and characters pertaining to the reproductive system, morphometric characters increased in size more in the second and fourth than in the third developmental time interval. An analysis of 45 pairs of characters was used to study the allometric growth of nematodes belonging to four stages of the life cycle. The reproductive system was found to be relatively stable and numerous pairs of characters exhibited significant allometric growth. Because of the lack of significant allometric growth between the pairs of characters used to form the a and c ratios, these ratios are not suitable for taxonomic purposes pertaining to this species. The lack of significant allometric growth between the stylet and esophagus lengths indicated that these characters should not be combined as neck length for use in the b ratio. Because of the variability of the esophagus as a morphometric character, the excretory pore position defined in terms of distance from the lip region is more suitable for Trichodorus spp. than the excretory pore position defined in relation to its distance from the base of the esophagus.

scholarly journals How Our Cells Become Our Selves: The Cellular Phylodynamic Biology of Growth and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Chodrow ◽  
Jessica Su ◽  
Daniel Lee ◽  
Tahmid Ahmed ◽  
Neil He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Coalescent Theory ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Cell Cycle Time ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Growth Equations

AbstractOur lives begin with 1 cell, then 2, then 4, then the trillion cell adult, comprised of cell lineages, tissues, organs. How does this occur? Examination in numbers of cells, N, Cellular Phylodynamics, revealed two previously unappreciated processes: UNI-GROWTH, the slowing of growth that occurs as we become larger, caused by fewer cells dividing, captured by the Universal Mitotic Fraction and Universal Growth Equations, with accuracy confirmed for 13 species, including nematodes, mollusks, and vertebrates; and ALLO-GROWTH, the creation of body parts from Founder Cells, captured by the Cellular Allometric Growth Equation, which describes mitotic expansion by Cell-Heritable change in the Cell Cycle Time. These equations can generate cell lineage approximations, bringing the power of coalescent theory to developmental biology.

scholarly journals Prey Lysate Enhances Growth and Toxin Production in an Isolate of Dinophysis acuminata

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Mengmeng Tong ◽  
Xinlong An ◽  
Juliette Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Dinophysis Acuminata ◽  
Phototrophic Growth

The physiological and toxicological characteristics of Dinophysis acuminata have been increasingly studied in an attempt to better understand and predict diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events worldwide. Recent work has identified prey quantity, organic nitrogen, and ammonium as likely contributors to increased Dinophysis growth rates and/or toxicity. Further research is now needed to better understand the interplay between these factors, for example, how inorganic and organic compounds interact with prey and a variety of Dinophysis species and/or strains. In this study, the exudate of ciliate prey and cryptophytes were investigated for an ability to support D. acuminata growth and toxin production in the presence and absence of prey, i.e., during mixotrophic and phototrophic growth respectively. A series of culturing experiments demonstrated that the addition of ciliate lysate led to faster dinoflagellate growth rates (0.25 ± 0.002/d) in predator-prey co-incubations than in treatments containing (1) similar levels of prey but without lysate (0.21 ± 0.003/d), (2) ciliate lysate but no live prey (0.12 ± 0.004/d), or (3) monocultures of D. acuminata without ciliate lysate or live prey (0.01 ± 0.007/d). The addition of ciliate lysate to co-incubations also resulted in maximum toxin quotas and extracellular concentrations of okadaic acid (OA, 0.11 ± 0.01 pg/cell; 1.37 ± 0.10 ng/mL) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1, 0.20 ± 0.02 pg/cell; 1.27 ± 0.10 ng/mL), and significantly greater total DSP toxin concentrations (intracellular + extracellular). Pectenotoxin-2 values, intracellular or extracellular, did not show a clear trend across the treatments. The addition of cryptophyte lysate or whole cells, however, did not support dinoflagellate cell division. Together these data demonstrate that while certain growth was observed when only lysate was added, the benefits to Dinophysis were maximized when ciliate lysate was added with the ciliate inoculum (i.e., during mixotrophic growth). Extrapolating to the field, these culturing studies suggest that the presence of ciliate exudate during co-occurring dinoflagellate-ciliate blooms may indirectly and directly exacerbate D. acuminata abundance and toxigenicity. More research is required, however, to understand what direct or indirect mechanisms control the predator-prey dynamic and what component(s) of ciliate lysate are being utilized by the dinoflagellate or other organisms (e.g., ciliate or bacteria) in the culture if predictive capabilities are to be developed and management strategies created.

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