Recognition and Usage of Sunscreen by Women in Yunnan Province, China

Purpose: In this study, we surveyed 1,325 women ranging in age from 10s to 40s and living in Yunnan province, China to examine their awareness regarding the harmfulness of ultraviolet (UV) rays, and their usage and preference of sunscreen.Methods: Questionnaires composed of a total of 22 questions were distributed using the online survey service Wenjuanxing. The data collected were analyzed through frequency analysis and crossover analysis using a statistics program.Results: Awareness that UV rays are harmful to the skin was present in 99.2% of the subjects. All age groups perceived the harmfulness of UV rays due to the same reasons, which were pigmentation, promotion of premature skin aging, and sunburn. Similarly, all age groups perceived that UV rays are harmful throughout the year.Conclusion: Awareness of the effects of UV rays helps Korean cosmetics companies to market and design sales strategies for sunscreen products in the southern region of China. This survey provided data specific to Yunnan regarding women's preferences, thereby facilitating comparative analysis with other regions in China.

A sunscreen nanoparticles polymer based on prolonged period of protection

UV rays are one of the most dangerous factors that harm the skin. There is continuous improvement in getting an effective sunscreen that protects the skin from excessive exposure to UV rays. Typically, phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) is used as a sun blocking agent, but its disadvantage is that it can photodegrade and cause cell damage. In our work, PBSA was encapsulated in niosomes nanoparticles then coated with chitosan-aloe vera (CS-nio-aloe/PBSA) to form a carrier polymer with novel and potent properties. This polymer controls PBSA release and epidermal penetration. Characterization of CS-nio-aloe/PBSA polymer nanoparticles through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The carrier polymer release rate was studied in vitro and epidermal permeability to coated PBSA was assessed using mouse skin. The nanoparticle polymer containing sunscreen was effectively prepared with an encapsulation efficiency of 80%. The formulation (CS-nio-aloe/PBSA) was completely deposited on the surface of the skin. This supports its use to protect the skin, and its nanostructures stimulate the release of PBSA for a longer period. Encapsulation of PBSA in CS-nio-aloe nanoparticles could allow for further cellular preservation, UV protection, control of free PBSA, and limited penetration through the mouse skin epidermis.

Convergence Study of High Refractive Index Polarized Glasses Lens with Photochromic and UV Blocking Function

Those who use convex or concave lenses should use sunglasses made from regular spectacle lenses. In this case, it uses a surface coating to block UV rays, so it is relatively vulnerable to UV protection. To this end, we developed a spectacle lens that can completely block ultraviolet light and suppress blue light by using a monomer that completely blocks the area below 410 nm and has a sunglasses function through photochromic function. A spectacle lens with photochromic, polarization and UV blocking functions was developed using a monomer with a high refractive index of 1.67. In the photochromic property, a recovery time of 2 minutes for light reaction and 5 minutes for dark reaction was obtained. Five layers of anti-reflection coating were applied to the surface of the lens to reduce the transmittance in the visible light region to 0.1 or less. ITO was applied to give an electromagnetic wave shielding function, and the thickness and conductivity of ITO were proportional to the result. The blue light emitted from the LED is reduced by more than 30% to reduce eye fatigue. UV rays were completely blocked below 410 nm. Keywords—Ultra violet, Blue light, Sunglass, Photochromic, Eyeglass lenses

Composition and Quality Standards of Naturally Derived Anti Tan Medicine

Background: Tanning nowadays due to pollution, stress, UV rays, and lifestyle has become a major skincare problem. Synthesis of a poly-herbal anti-tan formulation has been performed in this work, and it is evaluated on various parameters. Objective: The present work is aimed at the synthesis of herb-based anti-tan medicine and the evaluation of its various parameters for its efficiency as well as stability. Materials & Methods: The herbal preparation was prepared in-house according to the proposed composition, using all the natural contents. The dye was evaluated for its different standards. Results: The values of various parameters certified the quality standards of the formulation. The parameters were found to be ample enough for the standardization of herbal medicinal formulation. Conclusion: The prepared herbal pack was found to be appropriate according to all standards and can serve as a better alternative for treating tanning.

Processes of chemical transformations in heavy aromatic hydrocarbons of the Surakhan oil under the action of UV rays

Photooxidative transformations and mechanisms of oxidative reactions in aromatic groups of hydrocarbons isolated from heavy Surakhan (Azerbaijan) petroleum under atmospheric conditions have been investigated. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are part of the aromatic components of heavy Surakhan petroleum, after irradiation with UV rays for 1÷11 hours in the presence of oxygen undergo chemical transformations: endoperoxides polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, quinones, etc. are formed. It was found that oxidation products under atmospheric conditions can be formed as follows: during the oxidation of acenes (naphthalene, anthracene), which are part of the aromatic groups of petroleum components, excited aromatic hydrocarbons (donor) interact with atmospheric oxygen (acceptor) in the triplet state with the transition of the acceptor to excited state with the formation of singlet oxygen 1O2, in this case the donor molecule returns to the ground state. When phenanthrene is photooxidized, quinones are formed (the reaction is irreversible).

Study of effects of weathering on natural fiber composites

Composite materials are known to have many advantages and they can be used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products which make them commercially valuable. However, they may come into contact with various conditions that might lead to weathering. Weathering might lead to discoloration, decrease in durability, decline in mechanical properties and decrease in mass in composites. Hence, it is paramount to study the effects of weathering on composites before they are used in service. For this study, wood polyester composite (WPC), jute polyester composite (JPC) and coir polyester composite (CPC) were fabricated and subjected to four weathering tests - water ageing test at room temperature, water immersion test at 100°C, exposure to external environment and exposure to UV rays. It was seen that CPC samples subjected to water ageing at room temperature and immersion at 100°C showed comparatively higher water absorption rate than the WPC and JPC samples as coir fibres in CPC are hollow at the centremost region. JPC and CPC also turned whitish after 24 hours of water ageing. However, exposing the samples to the environment for a period of 144 hours did not show any significant change in the sample. It was also found that the tensile strength of all the composites decreased after being exposed to UV rays in a QUV spray weathering tester. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites were also modelled with analytical techniques (Halphin Tsai method) and FEM analysis and the results were found to be analogous.

Novel Approach to Disinfect the Surface Using Disinfecting Robot

In olden days people used cow-dung to neutralize virus and germs. In subsequent days people started to clean their house and surroundings using phenol, mercury, sodium hypochlorite etc. People wish to clean the entire surface by hand only, sophisticated tools were not available to clean the surface. At times people might get some kind of allergic reactions due to direct exposure of chemical compounds. During the last decade, the process of sanitization is totally changed where people are disinfecting and sanitizing the entire house or parts of the house using technologically advanced devices implementing the UV-Rays. In this paper we have proposed an automated tool which sanitizes the defined area in a house, office, cabin or commercial places using UV Rays. In this proposed technique we are not using any water or liquid components to sanitize the floor, surface of table, electronic equipment but our proposal is to sanitize using UV Rays, Bluetooth approach and automated control.

ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN FISIKA UNIVERSITAS JEMBER MELALUI MULTIREPRESENTASI VERBAL DAN GRAFIK TENTANG MANFAAT DAN BAHAYA SINAR UV BAGI KESEHATAN

This study aims to analyze the understanding of Physics Education students at the University of Jember regarding the benefits and dangers of UV rays for health through multi-representation graphs and graphs. This study used a descriptive method with a quantitative approach through questionnaires to 50 students of Physics Education at the University of Jember, namely the 2nd semester students and 4th semester students.The data sources were obtained from a multiple choice questionnaire which included 10 verbal and graphic questions with 5 verbal questions and 5 questions. validated graph questions. The results of respondents' answers will be analyzed in describing the ability of Physics Education students at the University of Jember in understanding the benefits and dangers of UV rays for health through verbal and graphic multi-representation. Based on research that has shown that Physics Education students at the University of Jember better understand the material given or seen in questions with graphical representation results, it is seen from the average value of correct answers to verbal representation questions of 71.06% and the average correct answers for about graph representation of 39.76%. The percentage of 71.06% indicates that not all Physics Education students at the University of Jember understand the benefits and dangers of UV rays for health. This is because the sun in semester 2 students has not been given courses that discuss radiation and the small percentage of correct answers with graphical representations because the level of difficulty of the questions is higher related to questions of verbal representation. Keywords: UV radiation, Benefit of UV rays, Danger of UV Rays, Verbal Representation, Graphic Representation ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemahaman mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember mengenai manfaat dan bahaya sinar UV bagi kesehatan melalui multirepresentasi verbal dan grafik . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kuisioner terhadap 50 mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember yaitu pada mahasiswa semester 2 dan mahasiswa semester 4. Sumber data diperoleh dari kuisioner berbentuk pilihan ganda yang meliputi soal verbal dan grafik sebanyak 10 soal dengan 5 soal verbal dan 5 soal grafik yang telah divalidasi. Hasil jawaban responden akan dianalisis dalam mendeskripsikan kemampuan mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember dalam memahami manfaat dan bahaya sinar UV bagi kesehatan melalui multirepresentasi verbal dan grafik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember lebih memahami materi yang diberikan atau dilihat dalam bentuk soal dengan representasi verbal daripada representasi grafik yaitu dilihat dari nilai rata – rata jawaban benar soal representasi verbal sebesar 71,06% dan rata – rata jawaban benar untuk soal representasi grafik sebesar 39,76%. Prosentase sebesar 71,06 % menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember memahami manfaat dan bahaya Sinar UV bagi kesehatan. Hal ini dikarenakan pada mahasiswa semester 2 belum diberikan mata kuliah yang membahas mengenai radiasi matahari dan kecilnya prosentasi jawaban benar dengan representasi grafik karena tingkat kesulitan soal lebih tinggi daripada soal dengan representasi verbal. Kata kunci: Radiasi UV; Manfaat Sinar UV; Bahasa Sibar UV; Bahasa sinar UV; Representasi Verbal; Representasi Grafik;