Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Aviation, Maritime, and Construction Industries: A Systematic Review

Most accidents in the aviation, maritime, and construction industries are caused by human error, which can be traced back to impaired mental performance and attention failure. In 1596, Du Laurens, a French anatomist and medical scientist, said that the eyes are the windows of the mind. Eye tracking research dates back almost 150 years and it has been widely used in different fields for several purposes. Overall, eye tracking technologies provide the means to capture in real time a variety of eye movements that reflect different human cognitive, emotional, and physiological states, which can be used to gain a wider understanding of the human mind in different scenarios. This systematic literature review explored the different applications of eye tracking research in three high-risk industries, namely aviation, maritime, and construction. The results of this research uncovered the demographic distribution and applications of eye tracking research, as well as the different technologies that have been integrated to study the visual, cognitive, and attentional aspects of human mental performance. Moreover, different research gaps and potential future research directions were highlighted in relation to the usage of additional technologies to support, validate, and enhance eye tracking research to better understand human mental performance.

Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Atensi pada Mahasiswa/ i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan

Background: Attention is one component of cognitive function that consists of three aspects, such as alerting, orienting and executive attention. Attention failure is thought to be a major cause of cognitive decline in sleep deprivation Objective: To determine the relationship between sleep quality and attention on students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Method: This study was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design. Study population was active students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas HKBP Nommensen. The sample was 62 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected by giving and filling out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess sleep quality. Then proceed with attention checks using Attention Network Test (ANT). The relationship between sleep quality and attention was analyzed using Spearman test. Results: Respondents who have good sleep quality was 34 respondents (54.8%), moderate sleep quality was 24 respondents (38.6%, and poor sleep quality was 4 respondents (6.4%). Median epiction of orienting based on good sleep quality was 28.00 ms and poor sleep quality was 32.00 ms. Median depiction of executive attention based on good sleep quality was 142.29 ms and poor sleep quality was 170.00 ms. There was no correlation between sleep quality with alerting (p = 0.631 and r = 0.062), orienting (p = 0.892 and r = 0.018) and executive attention (p = 0.085 and r = 0.221) Conclusion: There is no relationship between sleep quality and attention (alerting, orienting and executive attention).

The fretful child with swollen appendage: Mitten the Insidious

Hair tourniquet syndrome is a rare medical condition involving a tightly constricting strand of hair or thread-like material strangulating a part of the bodily appendage, such as the fingers and toes, which prompts for urgent attention. Failure to recognize early and respond to worsening symptoms may lead to serious complications. Few cases have been reported as this condition affects primarily young children. Our aim for this topic is to increase awareness of hair tourniquet syndrome to healthcare providers. Proper exposure during routine physical examination for early detection, and timely referral for effective treatment. Here we report a case of hair tourniquet syndrome of the toe that was released surgically with a good outcome. Keywords: Hair tourniquet syndrome, bodily appendage, children.

Modern approach to the therapy for autonomic disorders in patients under stressful conditions

Severe or persistent stress can cause emotional disturbances, which worsens the human condition. Psychological counselling is of paramount importance, however, some people may not have access to a psychologist or psychotherapist in a stressful situation and one has to resort to the medical therapy. 85 patients (mean age 26.5 ± 3.5 years) under professional stress (primary school teachers, nurses) diagnosed with “tension headaches, autonomic dysfunction” were included in the observational study. Patients were explained the causes of the disease, given recommendations on lifestyle and prescribed Valocordin at the dosage of 15 drops 3 times a day for 3 weeks. All patients showed improvement; none of the patients reported difficulty remembering, attention failure, problems talking. 88.3% of patients showed positive effect after 6 months, 61.1% of patients after 9 months and 49.9% of patients after 12 months. Despite disagreements in the medical professional environment, Valocordin remains one of the most popular drugs in patients under stress. The short-term use of Valocordin at therapeutic doses under stress conditions effectively helps to cope with insomnia, increased anxiety, relieves nervous tension and autonomic dysfunction.

Attention Failure Model in Human-Computer Interactive Interface

Errors are common human failures occurring in information interface and its cognition mechanism of errors is an important hitting-point for improving interface design as well as the key for reducing cognition difficulties. This paper studies error factors of information interface in human-computer interaction based on visual cognition theory. A feasible attention failure model is established to solve some design problems which result in serious failures in information recognition and analysis, and even in operation and execution processes.

A causal factors analysis of helicopter accidents in New Zealand 1996-2005 and the United Kingdom 1986-2005

Helicopter accidents cause many fatalities, and their avoidance is a major area of work for Civil Aviation safety authorities around the World. This paper uses helicopter accident data from the United Kingdom between 1986 and 2005 for 566 accidents and from New Zealand between 1996 and 2006 for 230 accidents to analyse helicopter accidents according to five categories of causes: airworthiness failure (engine); airworthiness failure (non-engine), operational failure, maintenance failure and mixed failure (i.e. operational and airworthiness combined). Factors associated with accidents, e.g. the engine types and weights of the helicopters involved; the nature of the operations and the phase of flight of the helicopter are also analysed. Operational failures were further analysed by Human Factors Analysis and Classification Scheme (HFACS) and airworthiness failures by a logical scheme of helicopter components. The results indicate that operational failures, especially due to unsafe acts, are the major cause of accidents in both countries followed by airworthiness causes. Light single piston helicopters are by far the major group associated with accidents in both countries, with few accidents for twin turbine helicopters. The majority of accidents were in non-public operations with few in public operations and in both countries, the cruise/flight/circuit phase has the largest number of accidents. Further analyses indicated statistically significant associations: type of helicopter and the cause of accidents; type of helicopter and the phase of flight; cause of accidents and nature of flights; cause of accidents and phase of flights; training flights and inadequate supervision; landing and procedural error and cruise and attention failure.