Decrease in Sleep Duration and Poor Sleep Quality over Time Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The impact of changes in sleep duration and sleep quality over time on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not known. We investigated whether changes in sleep duration and in sleep quality between baseline and follow-up are associated with the risk of developing incident NAFLD. The cohort study included 86,530 Korean adults without NAFLD and with a low fibrosis score at baseline. The median follow-up was 3.6 years. Sleep duration and quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hepatic steatosis (HS) and liver fibrosis were assessed using ultrasonography and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis). A total of 12,127 subjects with incident HS and 559 with incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was identified. Comparing the decrease in sleep duration of >1 h, with stable sleep duration, the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CIs) for incident HS was 1.24 (1.15–1.35). The corresponding HRs for incident HS plus intermediate/high FIB-4 was 1.58 (1.10–2.29). Comparing persistently poor sleep quality with persistently good sleep quality, the multivariate-adjusted HR for incident HS was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05–1.20). A decrease in sleep duration or poor sleep quality over time was associated with an increased risk of incident NAFLD, underscoring an important potential role for good sleep in preventing NAFLD risk.

Intraindividual fluctuations in sleep predict subsequent goal setting in adolescents

The purpose of this study was to investigate within- and between-person associations between sleep and subsequent goal setting in adolescents. We conducted an intensive repeated measures longitudinal study to assess intra- and interindividual associations between sleep and goal setting and potential moderators of such associations. Thirty-nine seventh through 12th graders reported on their sleep quality and propensity to set goals in their daily lives several times per week for approximately four months. We used a combination of multilevel modeling with time-varying covariates and centering techniques to partition within- and between-person variance. We found significant and positive associations between sleep and goal setting within individuals, but no such associations between individuals. That is, students were more likely to set goals for their work after getting a good night’s sleep relative to their own average sleep quality, but getting good sleep on average relative to other individuals showed no association with average goal setting. These relationships were not moderated by participant age, gender, or sociodemographic status as indexed by maternal education. Differences in average sleep between adolescents matters less for their propensity to set goals than whether they experienced better- or worse-than-usual sleep the previous night given their own average. This finding represents the first evidence documenting effects of sleep on goal setting, which is an important psychological precursor to many youth behavioral and achievement outcomes. Our findings highlight the individuality of sleep needs and point to new directions for sleep-related practice and policy aimed at youth.

Relationshp Between Sleep Quality, Mood State, and Performance of Elite Air-Rifle Shooters

Background To evaluate the impact of pre-competition sleep quality on the mood and performance of elite air-rifle shooters. Methods This study included 23 elite air-rifle shooters who participated in an air-rifle shooting-competition from April 2019 to October 2019. Sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and wake-up time after sleep onset were monitored using actigraphy. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Profile of Mood State were used to assess sleep quality. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was used to evaluate mood state. Results The average time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality were 20.6 ± 14.9 min, 7.0 ± 0.8 h, 85.9 ± 5.3%, and 5.2 ± 2.2, respectively. Sleep quality decreased as the competition progressed. Pre-competition sleep time in female athletes was significantly higher than that on the competition day (P = 0.05). Pre-competition sleep latency was significantly longer in women than in men (P = 0.021). During training and pre-competition, the tension, fatigue, depression, and emotional disturbance were significantly lower in athletes with good sleep quality than in athletes with poor sleep quality. Athletes with good sleep quality had significantly more energy. The PSQI total score was positively correlated with positive emotion, TMD, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety POMS scores, and negatively correlated with energy and self-confidence scores. Race scores and depression and somatic anxiety scores were negatively correlated. Conclusion Poor sleep quality negatively impacted the mood of athletes; however, sleep indices and competition performance of athletes during competitions were not significantly correlated.

Balance of Autonomic Nervous Activity, Exercise, and Sleep Status in Older Adults: A Review of the Literature

While older people are frequently known to experience sleep disturbances, there are also many older people who have a good quality of sleep. However, little is known about the balance of autonomic nervous activity, exercise habits, and sleep status in healthy older adults. This study reviews the literature regarding balance of the autonomic nervous activity, exercise, and sleep in healthy older adults. Relevant articles were searched from electronic databases using the combination of the following keywords: “Autonomic nervous activity”, “sleep status”, “sleep”, “healthy older adults”, “aging”, “heart rate variability (HRV)” and “exercise”. Articles were included if they met inclusion criteria: (1) Published in English, (2) Article types: research and review articles, (3) Main outcome was related to the autonomic nervous activity, lifestyle, sleep, and/or healthy aging, and (4) Fully accessed. From 877 articles that were identified, 16 articles were included for review. Results showed that the autonomic nervous activity changes with increasing age, particularly a constant decline in cardiac vagal modulation due to the significant decrease in the nocturnal parasympathetic activity. In addition, the autonomic nervous activity was also related to sleep status and lifestyle, particularly the capability to exercise. In preparing older people toward a healthy aging, maintaining good sleep quality and exercise is suggested.

Sleeping It Off: Sleep Quality Moderates the Association Between Family Bereavement and Heart Rate Variability

While previous studies evince a strong link between family bereavement and worse cardiovascular functioning, factors that may influence the association remain unexplored. This study examined the relation between experiencing the death of an immediate family member and heart rate variability (HRV) and whether the associations differed by sleep quality. The sample included respondents from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Biomarker Project who reported losing an immediate family member – parents, spouse, siblings, or children – within a year before project (n = 94) and those who did not experience any deaths (n = 872). Results showed that the death of a family member was associated with worse HRV only among those who reported having a poor sleep quality and not for those with good sleep quality. These findings suggest that poor sleep quality may indicate psychophysiological vulnerability for those who experienced the death of an immediate family member.

The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Neck Pain, Shoulder Pain and Disability, Physical Activity, and Health Perception Among Middle-Aged Women : A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Sleep quality is an important physical requirement for a healthy life, and good sleep quality has been recognized as a significant component in physical and mental health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect sleep quality as well as the relationship between sleep quality and neck pain, shoulder pain and disability, physical activity, and health perception. Methods We conducted surveys on 494 women between the age of 35 and 64 years. The study evaluated neck pain, shoulder pain and disability, physical activity, self-health perception and sleep quality with self-reported questionnaires in middle-aged women. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Results The results showed that the more severe the neck pain and shoulder pain and disability, the worse the sleep quality was in middle-aged women and the better the health perception, the lower the sleep quality score was, indicating good sleep quality. Shoulder pain, self-perceived task difficulty, and health perception were identified as variables that affected the sleep quality in middle-aged women. The explanatory power of the model in explaining sleep quality was 22.9%. Conclusions To improve the sleep quality in middle-aged women, healthcare workers should take into consideration the subjects’ symptoms, such as pain, in accordance to their health. Perceived difficulty of one’s work and their health can affect sleep quality; hence, it is necessary to develop health intervention strategy to provide health management, emotional support, and social support for the purpose of improving daily sleep quality.

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders among general population of Karachi and its associated co-morbidities

Background: Sleep disorders are being more prevalent among general population. Its poor sleep quality causes depression, accidents, mortality, and morbidity among general population. Aim: To know the prevalence of sleep disorder among general population. Methods: Data was collected from general population of Karachi in 6 days. Questionnaire for Sleep-Quality Developed by Colin Espie, Professor of Sleep Medicine, University of Oxford was used to assess the sleep problems and sleep quality of respondents. Results: Moreover, 6.2% reported had severe sleeping problems and need clinical attention. 5.9% had some sleeping problems. 38.2% of respondents have good sleep while 49.75 had great sleep quality. Majority of respondents belong to age 20 to 30 age groups, students, undergraduate, female, exercised once in a week and were vegetarian. Age 20 to 30 age groups, students, undergraduate, female, exercised once in a week and being vegetarian was associated with sleep problem (P<0.05). 20 to 30 age group, Health sector and inter education level, diabetes, obesity, difficult breathing, snoring while sleeping and smoking was associated with sleep problems(P<0.05). Wherever, >30 age group, undergraduate education level, students, exercising once in a week and eating vegetarian food were associated with good sleep quality(P<0.05). Poor sleep quality causes depression, accidents, mortality, and morbidity among general population. Conclusion: This study will provide the important information to the higher authorities related to the most vulnerable groups related to sleep problems and factors associated with good sleep quality. Keywords: Sleep disorders, sleep quality, vulnerable groups, comorbidities

The Relationship of Physical Activity and Sleep Quality Among Elderly Who Are Still Working

Introduction: The elderly tend to have short sleep duration, resulting in poor sleep quality. Physical activity is believed can improved sleep quality. This study was aimed to explain the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality among the elderly who are still working.Method: This study used a correlational research design with a cross-sectional approach. There were 63 elderly who involved as respondents by using the simple random sampling technique. The independent variable of this research was physical activities, while the dependent variable was sleep quality. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were then analyzed by using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p=0.05.Results: The study found that physical activity correlates with sleep quality among the elderly who are still working (p=0.021). The elderly with moderate physical activity has three times chance to have a good sleep quality (OR=3.667).Conclusion: Moderate physical activity correlates with good sleep quality. However, an increase in physical activity will worsen the sleep quality among the elderly. The elderly who are still working can reduce the intensity of their activity in the workplace.

Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Sleep in Linkage With Cognition Among Older Adults in China

Background: Identifying factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults is critical. This study aims to examine associations of fruit and/or vegetable intake (FVI), sleep quality and duration, and their interactions with cognitive performance among older adults in China.Methods: We utilize nationwide datasets in 2008 and 2011 in China to examine associations between sleep quality and duration, FVI, and cognitive impairment. Interactions between sleep and FVI on cognitive performance are also examined. All analyses are further stratified by gender, age group, and urban-rural residence.Results: When all covariates are fully adjusted for in the cross-sectional analyses, frequent FVI is associated with a 29% lower risk of cognitive impairment compared with less frequent FVI, and daily sleeping durations of ≤6h and ≥10h are associated with a 13% and a 51% higher risk of cognitive impairment, respectively, as compared with the duration of 8h. Sleep quality is not significantly associated with cognitive impairment compared with fair/poor sleep quality when all covariates are adjusted, though it is associated with a 31% lower risk when only demographics are controlled for. Interaction analyses reveal that frequent FVI offsets the higher risk of cognitive impairment for poor sleep quality and excessive sleep durations. Subgroup analyses show a generally similar pattern for both sexes but a more pronounced association for young older adults than for oldest-old adults. The patterns of the interactions of FVI, sleep quality, and sleep duration with cognitive impairment differ by urban-rural residence. However, associations of good sleep quality, adequate sleep duration, and frequent FVI with the incidence of cognitive impairment over a 3-year follow-up period are mostly not significant. Conclusions: The positive association of good sleep quality, appropriate sleep duration, frequent FVI, with good cognitive is mainly cumulative or long-term. Frequent FVI could offset a higher risk of cognitive impairment for poor sleep quality and/or excessive sleep durations. The associations are similar for both sexes but are stronger in oldest-old adults and differ by urban-rural residence.