Participation of Employees of the Penitentiary System as a Condition for Illegal Drug Trafficking in Prisons

The research featured the causes of drug traffic in prisons. The hypothesis is that this crime would be impossible without the participation of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service. The paper introduces an analysis of statistical data on drug trafficking in Russian prisons. The statistics showed that the level of drug trafficking in prisons remains stable for the last five years, despite the ongoing anti-drug policy of the state, which confirms the abovementioned hypothesis. The study highlighted the role of an employee of the Federal Penitentiary Service in various types of criminal activities related to drug trafficking in prisons. The author analyzed the legal practice of qualifying the actions of prison employees in the field of drug trafficking during their official duties and proposed to introduce uniformity in the qualification of these actions. The paper contains a comparative analysis of a Criminal Investigation Department employee engaged in drug trafficking and a citizen involved in the same crime outside the Criminal Investigation Department. The composition of crimes related to drug trafficking needs an additional qualifying feature for employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service.

Electroanalytical profiling of cocaine samples by means of an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer using benzocaine as the template molecule

Cocaine samples were ‘finger-printed’ using e-MIPs, constructed on the surface of portable SPCEs. The SWV data with suitable chemometric analysis provides valuable information about the drugs’ provenience which is crucial to tackle drug traffic.

Retratos da Juventude: um Enfoque Sobre o Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

RESUMO O número de jovens do sexo masculino no sistema penitenciário é muito significativo. Entender em que situações se encontram os jovens infratores no sistema penitenciário, provou ser um grande desafio. Este documento supera esses desafios, visando relatar o contexto do sistema prisional oferecendo novos insights sobre a realidade do encarceramento. O objetivo geral é identificar os anseios e perspectivas dos jovens do sexo masculino, junto ao sistema prisional no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sob o olhar de profissionais que atum na área. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizadas entre os anos de 2011 à 2018. Os resultados apontam a falta de ressocialização dos detentos, um histórico de violência, a presença do tráfego de drogas no interior dos presídios, abusos e, o descontrole existente por parte do Estado. Palavras-chaves: Descontrole por parte do Estado; Reincidência; Sistema Penitenciário. ABSTRACT The number of young men in the prison system is very significant. Understanding the situation of young offenders in the prison system proved to be a great challenge. This document overcomes these challenges, aiming to report the context of the prison system by offering new insights into the reality of incarceration. The general objective is to identify the desires and perspectives of young men, with the prison system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, under the eyes of professionals who tuna in the area. It is a qualitative research, carried out between the years 2011 to 2018. The results point to the lack of re-socialization of the detainees, a history of violence, the presence of drug traffic inside the prisons, abuses and, the existing lack of control by part of the state. Keywords: State's lack of control; Recurrence; Penitentiary system.

Foreign Direct Investment and Crime Linkage: Drug Traffic and Kidnapping

We develop a theoretical model in which a country hosts foreign investment in the presence of a drug dealer, acting as a leader, and a drug seller, acting as a follower. A policy addressed to eradicate the drug trafficking encourages the kidnapping activity, and increase the security cost of firms. When the drug is not consumed in the host country the best policy is not to fight against drug trafficking. When the drug is consumed in the host country the optimal policy depends on the social marginal disutility of drug consumption respect to ransom paid by firms. In this case, when social marginal disutility is sufficiently larger than ransom, the government combats drug trafficking, otherwise, there is no policy at all.

Política Externa como Política Pública: o combate ao narcotráfico no governo de Lula da Silva

Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo a política externa (PEX) brasileira de combate ao tráfico de drogas executada pelo governo de Lula da Silva. Parte-se da concepção teórico-metodológica de que a PEX é uma política pública – e que portanto a avaliação dessa passa pela sua desagregação. Frente a isso, foram selecionadas algumas agências específicas para a avaliação, como o Ministério das Relações Exteriores, o Ministério da Defesa e o Ministério da Justiça. Além disso, considera-se que a agenda específica do narcotráfico está inserida no limite entre as temáticas de segurança e defesa, o que traz questões específicas para a construção das policies. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que, no que tange ao combate ao tráfico de drogas, as administrações de Lula mantiveram os arranjos institucionais anteriores com a continuidade do paradigma de segurança pública sem a execução do paradigma de segurança cidadã. Em termos de política de defesa, idem. A maior parte das mudanças significativas se deu no âmbito do MRE, com a construção de uma agenda de dessecuritização do combate ao tráfico de drogas – ainda que isto tenha se mantido mais a nível retórico que prático. Concluiu-se, com isso, que não houve a construção de uma estratégia de política externa que integrasse e/ou alinhasse efetivamente as políticas de defesa, a segurança pública e o MRE; além disso, percebeu-se a ausência de diálogo, cooperação ou coordenação efetivo entre as agências. Como consequência, percebeu-se a pouca operacionalidade e a baixa densidade da execução em termos de política externa e política pública. Abstract: This article has as object of study the Brazilian foreign policy (FP) of fight against the drug traffic executed by the government of Lula da Silva. A theoretical-methodological conception that the FP is a public policy is taken - and that therefore the evaluation of this goes through its disaggregation. As a result, some specific evaluation agencies were selected, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Justice. In addition, it is considered that the specific agenda of drug trafficking is inserted in the limit between the themes of security and defense, which brings specific issues for the construction of the policies. The results of this research show that, regarding the fight against drug trafficking, Lula administrations maintained the previous institutional arrangements with the continuity of the public security paradigm without the implementation of the paradigm of citizen security. In terms of defense policy, idem. Most of the significant changes occurred within the scope of the MFA, with the construction of a dessecurizing agenda to combat drug trafficking - although this has remained more rhetorical than practical. We conclude, therefore, that there was no foreign policy strategy that integrated and / or effectively aligned defense policies, public security and MFA; In addition, there was a lack of effective dialogue, cooperation or coordination between agencies. As a consequence, the low operability and the low density of execution in terms of foreign policy and public policy were perceived. Key Words: Foreign Policy; public policy; drug trafficking; Lula da Silva. Recebido em: março/2019 Aprovado em: janeiro/2020

Exploring County Lines: Criminal Drug Distribution Practices in Scotland

The concept of ‘County Lines’ denotes an exploitative type of illegal drug distribution and dealing criminal enterprise that is indicative of the development of new strategies to underpin criminal markets in Britain. It is a growing phenomenon characterizing the evolution and working of drug distribution networks in contemporary Britain which often establish ‘nests’ in the homes of vulnerable persons domiciled within drug traffic hubs. This article draws upon qualitative data generated from interviews with active and former offenders and members of intervention agencies in order to understand more about the denizens of this embryonic criminal world.

ROUTS OF AFGAN’S DRUG TRAFFIC (END OF XX CENTURY – BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY)

The article focuses on features of afghan drug traffic routs. Author also highlights influence of economic and geographical position of Afghanistan on forming of drug trafficking routs. The role of border guard service in drug traffic is also analyzed in the article. The article cites not only main drug traffic routs, but also it cites the process of forming and evolution. Special attention is also paid to trafficking drugs with the Internet.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Problems of Security in Asia

The main directions of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) activities in the sphere of regional and international security are revealed. The SCO role as a leading multilateral structure in the fight with terrorism, religious extremism and drug traffic is analyzed. The effectiveness of the SCO participation in solving the Afghan problem as well as efficiency of the SCO mediation function in border disputes is assessed. Attention is paid to the role of Russia in the context of maintaining security in Central Asia.