Development of flow technology for the purification and production of food sunflower phospholipids

The completed research work is aimed at creating a continuous technology and machine-hardware purification scheme for phosphatide concentrate in an effective magneto-acoustic way. To separate modified of waste of deodorization and to obtain lecithins with a high content of phosphatidylcholines using distillation, selective solvent, ethyl alcohol and adsorbent-silica gel was used, and ultrasonic with an intensity of 10 W/cm2 in combination with a pulsating magnetic field of 2 Tl was used to increase its dissolving and absorbing ability. Such treatment in the stream provides obtaining a substantially bleached high-quality lecithin-containing product in the form of microgranules of an alcohol-insoluble fraction (remain on the filter) and a liquid fat-containing part with a low amount of waste absorbed by silica gel. The objectives of the study include studying the effect of hydrodynamic complex effects on the association and deassociation of free fatty acids and other related lipids in the composition of the waste of deodorization of sunflower oil, the rationale for the use of silica gel as an effective neutralizing and adsorbing agent, determining rational modes of the solvent (ethyl alcohol) distillation process in a vacuum molecular distiller for high-quality lecithin-containing liquid product. The relevance of the work «Improvement of the process and equipment for the distillation of waste of deodorization of vegetable oils processed in ultrasonic» is that at present in Russia this topic of the integrated use of ultrasonic, pulsating magnetic field and silica gel cleaning makes a significant novelty in Russian scientific works in this direction. The proposed technology for producing modified sunflower lecithins allows to obtain both fractionated lecithins with a mass fraction of acetone-insoluble substances of more than 60%, and skimmed, more hygrophilic lecithins with a mass fraction of acetone-insoluble substances up to 95% with an improved quality of cleaning from color and smelling substances at low acidity.

Effect of Alachlor, Butylate, and Chlorbromuron on Carbofuran Distribution and Metabolism in Barley and Corn

The 14C-labelled insecticide, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate (carbofuran), supplied to the roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Larker’) and corn (Zea mays L. ‘Mich 400’) seedlings was readily taken up and transported to the shoots. Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] did not inhibit carbofuran metabolism in barley or corn. Butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) slightly inhibited carbofuran metabolism in corn roots. Chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] inhibited carbofuran metabolism by decreasing the concentration of 14C found in the acetone-insoluble residue and the methanol-soluble fraction in barley shoots. Chlorbromuron increased the carbofuran content and decreased the 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate (3-hydroxycarbofuran) content of the chloroform-soluble fraction in both barley shoots and roots. Chlorbromuron did not affect carbofuran metabolism in corn.

Liehen substances. IV. Incorporation of pulvinic-14C acids into calycin by the lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata

Pulvinic-14C acid, vulpinic-14C acid, and ethyl pulvinate-14C were found to be good precursors of calycin but not of pulvinic dilactone or of pulvinic acid normally present in Ps. crocata. Some of the labeled precursor became bound in acetone-insoluble materials before the radioactive carbon began to accumulate in calycin. Calycin probably arises by hydroxylation of a bound form of pulvinic acid.

The major fatty acids in whole milk fat and in a fraction obtained by crystallization from acetone

SummarySummer and winter milk-fat samples from 14 dairies in Sweden were fractionated by crystallization from acetone solution (1:8) at 15 °C. The composition of the major fatty acids of the parent milk fat and of the acetone insoluble fraction were examined by GLC, and the gross triglyceride pattern by TLC on plates of silicic acid treated with silver nitrate.The fatty acid composition of the milk fat was similar to that of milk fat from other countries and varied according to season and also, to a smaller extent, from region to region. Four fractions, representing 33–45, 41–34, 18–14 and 7–6 % of the fat and which contained progressively smaller proportions of saturated acids, were obtained by TLC.The acetone insoluble glyceride (AIG) fraction was characterized by a smaller content of short-chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and a larger content of saturated long-chain fatty acids, than the parent milk fat. AIGs from summer milk fat contained a larger proportion of C18 acids and a smaller proportion of C6–C16 acids than AIGs from winter milk fat.Four fractions representing 62–70, 15–8, 16–15 and 7 % of the AIG fraction were obtained by TLC. The distribution of the triglycerides in the AIG fraction differed from that in the parent milk fat, mostly in the relative amounts of glycerides in the 2 most saturated TLC fractions. The seasonal variation was largely confined to these 2 fractions.

The membrane lipids of Halobacterium halobium

The lipid content of the cell membrane of Halobacterium halobium increased from about 15% to 21% during exponential growth of the organism. Total lipid phosphorus more than doubled during the growth cycle. The mixture of membrane lipids from stationary-phase organisms was similar to lipid mixtures from whole cells of other halobacteria inasmuch as 80% of the lipid phosphorus occurred in a diether analogue of phosphatidylglycerophosphate and an additional 7·5% occurred in the ether analogue of phosphatidylglycerol. The lipid mixture was more complex than those reported for other halophils, however, 12 components being recognized in the acetone-insoluble fraction and 17 in the acetone-soluble fraction. There were major changes in the proportions of some minor components of the acetone-insoluble fraction during a growth cycle. Three nitrogenous lipids were recognized in the acetone-insoluble fraction, but all were present in relatively low proportion. One, which was not a phospholipid, contained a bound peptide. Of the 17 acetonesoluble compounds, 15 were pigments. The major carotenoids were α- and β-bacteriorubrin. The carotenoid pigments occurred at maximal concentration after 6–7 days' growth.

Physiological studies on trematodes—lipid fractions in Gastrothylax crumenifer

1. The different lipid fractions in Gastrothylax crumenifer after starvation for 8–10 hr. have been estimated.2. The percentages of different fractions in the total ether extract were found to be: acetone-insoluble material 16, unsaponifiable matter 25, saturated fatty acids 5, unsaturated fatty acids 20, glycerol 2 and unidentified lipids 32.3. The above percentages of lipid fractions have been compared with the corresponding data for different parasites obtained by other workers.