IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS CASEI LB 148 UNDER COLD STRESS IN ANIMALS

Gut microbiome changes is considered as a basic causative factor of stress-associated diseases. Probiotics are usually used for the correction of disbiosis. The aim of the investigation was the study of the effects of oral probiotic Lactobacillus casei LB 148 use onto the gut microbiota as well as the number and total square of intestinal lymph nodules of rats Sprague Dawley at in health rats and under the cold stress

Intestinal lymph as a readout of meal-induced GLP-1 release in an unrestrained rat model

Intestinal lymph supposedly provides a readout for the secretion of intestinal peptides. We here assessed how mesenteric lymph duct (MLD) lymph levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), insulin, and metabolites [glucose and triglycerides (TG)] evolve after isocaloric high- and low-fat diet (HFD and LFD) meals and how they compare with hepatic portal vein (HPV) plasma levels. Moreover, we examined the effects of intraperitoneally administered GLP-1 (1 or 10 nmol/kg) on these parameters. At 20 min after the HFD meal onset, GLP-1 levels were higher in MLD lymph than in HPV plasma. No such difference occurred with the LFD meal. Intraperitoneal injections of 10 nmol/kg GLP-1 before meals enhanced the meal-induced increases in MLD lymph and HPV plasma GLP-1 levels except for the MLD lymph levels after the HFD meal. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 nmol/kg GLP-1 only increased HPV plasma GLP-1 levels at 60 min after the HFD meal. GLP-1 injections did not increase the MLD lymph or HPV plasma GLP-1 concentrations beyond the physiological range, suggesting that intraperitoneal GLP-1 injections can recapitulate the short-term effects of endogenous GLP-1. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity in MLD lymph was lower than in HPV plasma, which presumably contributed to the higher levels of GLP-1 in lymph than in plasma. Insulin and glucose showed similar profiles in MLD lymph and HPV plasma, whereas TG levels were higher in lymph than in plasma. These results indicate that intestinal lymph provides a sensitive readout of intestinal peptide release and potential action, in particular when fat-rich diets are consumed.

ГІСТОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В ТЕЛЯТ ЗА ГОСТРОГО ПЕРЕБІГУ САЛЬМОНЕЛЬОЗУ

The results of study of histological changes in calves by age of 20 – 40 days at acute salmonellosis infection are presented. At a histological research the most expressed changes were registered in the liver, thin intestine and lymphoid organs that contingently reproduction here of the causative agent. At acute form of salmonellosis in calves of this age-grade characteristic histological changes include: submilliar, intralobular, coagulativ, areactive foci of necrosis in a liver; cell granuloma in a liver; the acute diffusive serous-catarrhal enteritis with a hemorrhagic accent; serous lymphadenitis of intestinal lymph nodes; the acute diffusive catarrhal abomasitis. Also nonspecific, but constant morphological signs of salmonellosis are hyperplasia Peyer’s patches of a small intestine, intestinal lymph nodes, spleen and dystrophic changes of parenchymal organs.An analysis and theoretical ground of pathogenetic mechanisms of the educed microstructural changes are conducted. It is shown that in pathogenesis of salmonellosis an important role is played bacteriaemia and toxinaemia, which result to the defeat of endothelia of vessels and blood cells with subsequent violation of mechanisms of haemostasis гand development of the infectiously-toxic shock.