Statistical and therapeutic observations of ulcus molle

Hanow (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 55, H. 2, 29) gives data on the dynamics of the soft chancre for 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1928 based on the material of the K. Virchow's hospital in Berlin. Ulcus molle was registered in 1925 19 cases, in 1926-79, in 1927-97 and for 20 months of 1928 - 192 cases. At the same time, the author deals with the issue of localization of ulcers, as well as complications in ulcus molle. With a therapeutic purpose used ac. carbolic. liquef. and chlorozinc. The last remedy was tested on 35 patients, and small and medium-sized ulcers healed in 5-7 days, the gangrenous chancre healed in 20 days. When treating the same ac. carb. liq., tested on 109 patients, cure occurs on average in 18 days.

ANALYSIS OF RASA SINDOORA BY NAMBURI PHASED SPOT TEST (NPST)

Introduction: Rasa Sindoora (Red Sulfide of Mercury) is a herbomineral preparation and a well-known Kupipakwa Rasayana kalpana. An equal ratio of Shodhita Parad (Purified Mercury) and Shodhita Gandhaka (Purified Sulphur) was used to prepare Rasa Sindoora. The form of preparation which was considered by Rasa Acharya to know the effect of minimizes dose for therapeutic purpose. To analyze the medicine the best way is to standardize it and after that analyse with standard and sophisticated instrumental techniques. Aims: To ensure and assess the quality of Rasa Sindoora through Namburi Phased Spot Test (NPST) analysis. Material and Method: To assess the quality with the standard monograph of NPST - 3 Papers of Potassium Iodide, Potassium Bromide and Haridra were prepared and identify the changes on all three papers by the action of prepared solution of Rasa Sindoora in freshly prepared aqua regia. Result: All three papers of Potassium Iodide, Potassium Bromide and Haridra showed a positive result in all three phases on comparing with the standard of NPST monograph. Keywords: Rasa Sindoora, KupipakwaRasayana, Namburi Phased Spot Test (NPST).

The traditional medicinal use of some animals and their products in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia

Ethnopharmacological relevance: From the beginning of recorded history, flora and fauna have played a crucial part in human existence for a therapeutic purpose to heal different diseases and are still being used in Ethiopia. Ethnozoological studies are necessary so as to get new medications for human and livestock health ailments. There is a sense of urgency in gathering such information. This is the first ethnozoological survey to do statistical calculations on animal-based treatments. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to identify, analyze and record traditional knowledge on the use of animals by the indigenous people living on Diguna Fango district, Wolaita, Ethiopia, and to document the traditional names, preparation, and uses of these animals for therapeutic purpose. Materials and methods: A field survey was carried out from March 2021 to June 2021 by personal interviews through semi-structured questionnaires and open group discussions. Two hundred male and female informants gave information concerning the therapeutic uses of various animal parts/products. Results: For the treatment of 159 identified different ailments, thirty-nine animal parts/products were utilized. Mammals were the topmost use report, followed by arthropods and avian species. Conclusions: The outcomes showed that there’s the highest ethnozoological knowledge to be recognized which could be of use in emerging innovative drugs. As a result, it is predicted that the information contained in the study will be utilized in the region's forthcoming ethnozoological, ethnopharmacological, and conservation-related research.

A Study on the Characteristics of Healthy Volunteers who Participate in Phase I Clinical Trials in Korea

The phase I trial is the first step in administering a drug to humans, but it has no therapeutic purpose. Under the absence of therapeutic purpose, healthy volunteers demonstrated different motivations, unlike the actual patients participating in trials. There were many reported motivations, such as financial motivation, contributing to the health science, accessing ancillary health care benefits, scientific interest or interest in the goals of the study, meeting people, and general curiosity. The aim of this study was to identify the motivation and characteristics of healthy volunteers participating in phase I trials in the Republic of Korea. We gave surveys to 121 healthy volunteers to study their demographic characteristics and the reasons of participation. We identified whether the decision to participate in the research was influenced by demographic factors and whether the perception and attitudes toward the research were influenced by the characteristics of the healthy volunteers. After completion of the first survey, 12 healthy volunteers who had participated in a phase I clinical trial were selected to answer the second interview. According to our survey, most healthy volunteers were unmarried men and economically dependent. Most of them participated in the study because of financial reward. The most important factor to measure financial reward was the research period. Also, 43% of the volunteers were university students, 42% answered “university graduation” and 55% were residing in family-owned houses. Many healthy volunteers were found to be living in family homes and to have a student status or lack of economic independence. Results of the survey showed that 64% of respondents indicated having more than one clinical trial participation. In-depth interviews showed that healthy volunteers had diverse motivation to participate in research and that healthy volunteer perceive the clinical trial positively. The main motivation for healthy volunteers’ participation in research was “financial reward.” Healthy volunteers also considered research schedules, processes, and safety, and had a positive perception of clinical trials, but they thought that the public has a negative perception.

Malaria vaccination for progressive paralysis

Prof. Weygandt (Klin. Woch., 1923, No. 47) reports about 300 cases of progressive paralysis, where it was produced, with a therapeutic purpose, inoculation of malaria (among these cases, about 200 were traced within 1-4 l.).

Microscopic and Phytochemical analysis of Desmodium velutinum (Willd) DC and Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Panchanga powder

Background: Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) is one of the wild edible plants used traditionally to treat diarrhoea, haematuria, infertility and also externally used to treat scorpion bites. Though various parts of the plant have been used for therapeutic purpose, panchanga of the plant has not been studied for its Pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics in detail, following scientific parameters. Hence in the present study Desmodium velutinum whole plant has been studied for its pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters and compared with commonly used species Desmodium gangeticum. Methods: Whole plant of Desmodim velutinum was collected from Paikmal, Odisha and Desmodium gangeticum was collected from Junagarh, Gujarat in the month of November 2019 following good collection practices and shade dried. Pharmacognostical study and analytical study were performed following standard pharmacopoeial procedures. Results: Whole plant (Panchanga) of former is sweetish and latter is bitter. Powder microscopy of Desmodium gangeticum showed presence of rhomboidal crystals and lignified annular and spiral vessels. Desmodium velutinum showed presence of prismatic crystals and lignified pitted vessels. Physico-chemical analysis showed higher loss on drying in Desmodium gangeticum, and higher water soluble extractive values of Desmodium velutinum. Phytochemical estimation showed the presence of Proteins, tannins, and carbohydrates in both samples. HPTLC study showed similar Rf value 0.82 and 0.94 at 254 and 0.03 and 0.41 at 366nm. Conclusion: Basing upon the analytical and microscopic similarities Desmodium velutinum may be considered as substitute of Desmodium gangeticum

Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammographic and Sonographic Findings in the Differentiation of Palpable Breast Masses taking Histopathology as a Gold Standard

Background: The Presence of palpable breast mass may be an indication of breast cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis for the breast masses is important for therapeutic purpose. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of mammographic and sonographic findings in the differentiation of palpable breast masses taking histopathology as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: 134 females were involved in the study. Sonographic and mammographic findings of palpable breast masses were obtained with the help of which diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and mammography was calculated while taking histopathology as a gold standard. Results: Mean age in 134 females was found to be 44.2±4.7 years. Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV, disease prevalence and accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps were 99.09%, 79.17%, 95.61%, 95.00%, 82.09% and 95.52% respectively. Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV and accuracy of mammography in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps were 95.45%, 62.50%, 92.11%, 75.00% and 89.55% while disease prevalence was same as that of ultrasound i.e. 82.09% respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound showed higher diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of palpable breast masses than mammography while taking histopathology as a gold standard. It is noteworthy in differentiating breast masses.

GABAergic System Dysfunction and Challenges in Schizophrenia Research

Despite strenuous studies since the last century, the precise cause and pathology of schizophrenia are still largely unclear and arguably controversial. Although many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of schizophrenia, the definitive genes or core pathological mechanism remains absent. Among these hypotheses, however, GABAergic dysfunction stands out as a common feature consistently reported in schizophrenia, albeit a satisfactory mechanism that could be exploited for therapeutic purpose has not been developed yet. This review is focusing on the progress made to date in the field in terms of understanding the mechanisms involving dysfunctional GABAergic system and loops identified in schizophrenia research.

The Axiology and Symbolism of the Motif System in Novgorod Bylinas

This article carries out an axiological analysis of Novgorod bylinas about Sadko and Vasily Buslayev, which leads the author to interpret epic motifs as a semantic unity that help reveal the hero’s motives, his actions, and their consequences. The borders of the motif as part of the plot are determined by the hero’s central values and his resulting (and, as a rule, altered) state. The elements of the epic motif are studied through the prism of the character’s evaluations, as well as those of the epic bard and the listener. As a result, the author develops a principle of value classification for bylina motifs. The motifs of the Russian epic are also divided depending on whether they make part of parallel constructions with other motifs of the same type, and according to the presence of an opposition in the form of an antipode motif. The author reveals the function of the motif in bylina plots which, according to the author, the bard could easily keep in his memory, as it is connected with simple causal logic and is based on the hero’s motives and moral state (pride, lechery, greed, etc.). Targeting a traditional audience, the bard could combine, rearrange, and contaminate motifs, creating a unique version of the song for a particular spiritual and therapeutic purpose of communication. The author concludes that micro-topics, termed “epic motifs” by adherents of the structural and semantic approach, have a “semantics”, but this meaning is not enough for the bard to realise and remember the functional effect of the motif, i. e. the correcting effect produced on the listener.

Perception of Purposeful and Recreational Smartphone Use in Physiotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Many people constantly use their smartphones in all kinds of situations. Often smartphones are used in a meaningful and targeted way, but frequently they are used as a pastime without any purpose. This also applies to patients and therapists in treatment situations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how purposeful smartphone use compared to recreational smartphone use (by a physiotherapist or by a patient) influenced the perception of a physiotherapeutic treatment situation. We examined the impact of smartphone use during a physiotherapy session on the perception of the physiotherapist, on the evaluation of attentiveness, and on the evaluation of smartphone use in physiotherapy in general. METHODS Members of various music and sports clubs were invited to participate in an online randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. They watched a video in which a physiotherapeutic treatment was shown and in which a smartphone was used or not used in four different ways: (1) with therapeutically purposeful use, (2) recreational use by the physiotherapist (looking at the phone from time to time with no therapeutic purpose), (3) recreational use by the patient, (4) no smartphone use (control condition). After watching the video, the participants indicated their perception of the physiotherapist’s professional competence, social competence, and empathetic behavior. They also rated the physiotherapist’s and the patient’s attentiveness and evaluated the usage of smartphones generally in physiotherapy. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen participants (63 woman and 55 men) were included in the analysis. When the physiotherapist used the smartphone in a purposeful way she was perceived as more professionally competent (P=.007) and socially competent (P=.03), and more empathetic (P=.04) than if she used it with no therapeutic purpose. These effects occurred because recreational smartphone use by the physiotherapist was evaluated more negatively than the behavior in the control condition (professional competence: P=.001; social competence: P=.03; empathy: P=.04). Moreover, when the physiotherapist used the smartphone in a recreational way she was perceived as being less attentive (P<.001). Likewise, when the patient used the smartphone in a recreational way, she was also perceived as being less attentive (P<.001). Finally, smartphone use in physiotherapy was rated as more positive in general when the smartphone was used in a purposeful way, compared to the conditions in which the physiotherapist or the patient looked at the smartphone with no therapeutic purpose (P<.001). This positive evaluation occurred because a purposeful use led to a more positive rating than no smartphone use (P<.001, R=0.42). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that smartphones are only appropriate for therapists and patients if they are used directly for a therapeutic purpose. Otherwise, it is better not to use smartphones during treatment. CLINICALTRIAL The study was pre-registered on the pre-registration platform AsPredicted (aspredicted.org) before we began data collection (registration number: #24740; https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=vv532i)