A NEW FINDING OF A RARE FUNGUS PISOLITHUS ARHIZUS (BOLETALES, BASIDIOMYCOTA) ON THE TERRITORY OF ODESA REGION

Problem. The distribution of species from the Red Book of Ukraine has been studied insufficiently. This also applies to the rare fungus Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert. Therefore, the discovery of new habitats of rare species is relevant. Aim. The aim of the work is to characterize the new locality of P. arhizus from Odesa region, found on September 12, 2021. Methods. The site was found during a survey of the coast of the Tyligul estuary by a route method. The determination of the fungus was carried out according to the Determinant of fungi of Ukraine. Results. A new locality of P. arhizus was discovered on the bank of the Tyligul estuary in the vicinity of the village of Liubopol, Lyman district, Odesa region. This finding complements the information on the mycobiota of the regional landscape park "Tyligulskyi" (Odesa region). One carpophore was found, the morphometric parameters of which were known in the literature. It is possible that Pisolithus arhizus is a symbiont of cultured Juniperus sabina L.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ЖИВЦЮВАННЯ НАЙБІЛЬШ ПОШИРЕНИХ ВІЧНОЗЕЛЕНИХ ДЕРЕВ ТА ЧАГАРНИКІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЛИНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

У статті описано корисні властивості вічнозелених дерев та чагарників як важливої і невід’ємної частини життя людства і нашої планети в цілому. Особлива увага приділена технології розмноження хвойних і листяних вічнозелених дерев, чагарників, а саме живцюванню, яке проводиться для збільшення їх видової різноманітності та кількісного складу, створення високодекоративних та екологічно-стійких зелених насаджень, а також з метою скорочення термінів вирощування садивного матеріалу для сучасних урбогенних умов, що набули в останні десятиліття глобального характеру. Вивчено методику живцювання дерев та чагарників, досліджено відсоток приживання та темпи росту найпоширеніших на Волині вічнозелених рослин з метою їх подальшого використання для озеленення населених пунктів. Об’єктом дослідження були вічнозелені дерева та чагарники, зокрема вивчалися вічнозелені рослини Thuja occidentalis L. «Columna», Thuja occidentalis L. «Clobosa», Thuja occidentalis L. «Ericoides», Thuja occidentalis L. «Aurea Ellvangeriana», Juniperus sabina L., Juniperus communis L. «Hibernica», Picea pungens Engelms «Glauca», Buxus sempervirens L. При проведенні досліджень були застосовані методи порівняльного аналізу та синтезу інформації, спостереження, опису, узагальнення, а також був застосований системний і польовий методи, математико-статистичний метод. Під час дослідження здійснювали вимірювання та спостереження за висадженими живцями в теплиці та їх кількістю, визначали кількість прижитих і висаджених живців у відкритий ґрунт, розраховували співвідношення живців, що прижилися, до загальної кількості висаджених, вимірювали середні розміри підземної і надземної частин рослин, визначали рослини, які найкраще приживаються і ростуть в природно-кліматичних умовах Волинської області.

Weak Geographical Structure of Juniperus sabina (Cupressaceae) Morphology despite Its Discontinuous Range and Genetic Differentiation

In Europe, Juniperus sabina L. is a mountainous, rare species that creates small, scattered populations, suggesting their refugial nature. Recently, a new variety of this juniper, J. sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams et A. N. Tashev was described based on genetic studies. We expected morphological differentiation among isolated parts of the species range and between varieties, as was the case with other Mediterranean junipers. Cones, seeds and fragments of shoots from a total of 506 individuals were collected from 24 populations in Europe and for comparisons from three populations from Tian Shan. Almost all of the 16 analysed features significantly differentiated among populations and geographical regions as well as between the varieties, although most groups differed from others only in terms of a single feature. The thickness of cones, the width of shoots and the length of seeds were the most important features for differentiation. The geographical structure of the variation of J. sabina was weak, and comparative populations from Tian Shan were clustered with European populations, similar to the findings of a previous study on essential oils. We found slightly different patterns of variation of the two varieties of the species. The little intra-species differentiation could be the result of the long period of contact between nowadays distinct populations and their relatively late separation in the early Holocene.

Elements of topiary art of reserved man-made parks of the second half of the XX century

Elements of topiary art were studied in eleven park-monuments of landscape art (PMLA) and five complex monuments of nature (CMN), created in the second half of the twentieth century. To the elements of topiary art belong: shaped plants, plant-borders, hedges, living walls, pylons, berso, bosquets, and parterres. In PMsLA “Bondaretsky” and “Vysokivsky” were found no elements of topiary art. In nine PMsLA and five CMsN of Ukrainian Polissya were present five elements of topiary art (plant-borders, hedges (low, medium, high), living walls, pylons and shaped plants (ball, pyramid, cone, cube, complex geometric figures). The most common are plant-borders formed from Buxus sempervirens L., trimmed hedges from Picea abies Karst. and Thuja occidentalis L., untrimmed hedges from Juniperus sabina L., Physocarpus opulifolius Maxim., and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Br., pylons and shaped plants in the form of a sphere, cube, complex geometric shapes - from Thuja occidentalis L. 12 families, 24 genera, 24 species, and 3 cultivars represent the systematic structure of woody plants in the elements of topiary art. Deciduous species of woody plants, namely the family Rosaceae Juss, prevail. In the elements of topiary art of PMLA and CMN there are species that are protected by the IUCN Red List (58 %), belonging to two categories of rarity NT (4 %), LC (54 %). In terms of the height of woody plants in the elements of topiary art, trees and shrubs are represented in equal numbers. By height, among tree plants prevail trees of the first magnitude 26 % and medium bushes 29 %, whereas there are slightly fewer trees of the fourth magnitude (15%) and high bushes (22 %). The condition of woody plants of 24 species and three cultivars is good, except for woody plants where timely and proper care was not carried out (formation of longitudinal and transverse profiles and annual pruning). Some plants should be replaced because of loss of aesthetics due to age.

On the problems and prospects of native flora conservation in culture: from the experience of Samara University Botanical Garden

The information on the experience of preserving rare natural flora species ex situ is presented in the article.The largest amount of research conducted relates to herbaceous plants. For Juniperus sabina L., an extremely raregymnosperm plant of the Samara region, numerous clumps have been formed in the Botanical Garden, including somefrom local origin material. There is experience of successful reintroduction of both grassy and woody species (juniper).

Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of medicinal plants against larvae of the nematodes Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus

The study focuses on in vitro effect of aqueous tinctures of 48 species of herbaceous, shrub and tree plants on the first-third stage larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and third-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898. The highest level of the effect was exerted by 3% aqueous tinctures of Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Laburnum anagyroides Medik., Quercus petraea subsp. iberica (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Krassiln., Ginkgo biloba L., Colchicum autumnale L., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Celastrus scandens L., Securigera varia (L.) Lassen, Magnolia kobus DC. Over 90% of the first and second non-invasive stage larvae of S. papillosus died at contact with these tinctures. The lowest parameters of LD50 were seen for L. anagyroides, Juniperus sabina L., C. scandens, M. kobus, A. manshuriensis, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. and Securigera varia (L.) Lassen. Invasive larvae of S. papillosus and H. contortus were resistant to the effect of all the 48 surveyed species of plants. Third-stage larvae of H. contortus remained vital when exposed for 24 h to all the studied concentrations up to 3% aqueous tincture of plants. The results of the experiments and also the analysis of the literature indicate the necessity to continue the survey on nematocidial activity of aqueous tinctures and alcveshol extracts of plants.

Antibacterial and fungicidal effect of ethanol extracts from Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia

We determined a high antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts of four species of gymnosperms (Juniperus sabina, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cephalotaxus harringtonia) against 23 strains of bacteria of families Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae), Staphylococcaceae (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis), Yersiniaceae (Yersinia enterocolitica), Bacillaceae (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus), Listeriaceae (Listeria ivanovi, L. іnnocua, L. monocytogenes), Corynebacteriaceae (Corynebacterium xerosis), Campylobacteraceae (Campylobacter jejuni), Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus equi), Pseudomonadaceae (Pseudomonas аeruginosa) and one strain of fungi of the Saccharomycetaceae family (Candida albicans). The experiment in vitro revealed zone of inhibition of growth of colonies, measuring over 8 mm, produced by ethanol extracts from J. sabina against seven species of bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Rh. equi and P. аeruginosa), Ch. lawsoniana – against five species (E. coli, B. subtilis, L. іnnocua and Rh. equi), P. menziesii –two species (Rh. equi and P. mirabilis), C. harringtonia – ten species of microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, L. monocytogenes, C. xerosis, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, S. marcescens and C. albicans). As a result of the research, the most promising plants for further in vivo study of antibacterial activity were C. harringtonia and J. sabina.