scholarly journals Weak Geographical Structure of Juniperus sabina (Cupressaceae) Morphology despite Its Discontinuous Range and Genetic Differentiation

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mazur ◽  
Adam Boratyński ◽  
Krystyna Boratyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Marcysiak
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Geographical Structure ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Juniperus Sabina ◽  
Tian Shan

In Europe, Juniperus sabina L. is a mountainous, rare species that creates small, scattered populations, suggesting their refugial nature. Recently, a new variety of this juniper, J. sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams et A. N. Tashev was described based on genetic studies. We expected morphological differentiation among isolated parts of the species range and between varieties, as was the case with other Mediterranean junipers. Cones, seeds and fragments of shoots from a total of 506 individuals were collected from 24 populations in Europe and for comparisons from three populations from Tian Shan. Almost all of the 16 analysed features significantly differentiated among populations and geographical regions as well as between the varieties, although most groups differed from others only in terms of a single feature. The thickness of cones, the width of shoots and the length of seeds were the most important features for differentiation. The geographical structure of the variation of J. sabina was weak, and comparative populations from Tian Shan were clustered with European populations, similar to the findings of a previous study on essential oils. We found slightly different patterns of variation of the two varieties of the species. The little intra-species differentiation could be the result of the long period of contact between nowadays distinct populations and their relatively late separation in the early Holocene.

scholarly journals Operationalisation of Floating Voters Hypothesis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Hassan Shah ◽  
Ashfaq U. Rehman ◽  
Wajid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
General Election ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Almost All

Vote bank of almost all the political parties in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is fluctuating in every general election. It is believed that a significant ratio of floating voters exists in KP. These voters play a significant role as key deciders in every general election. But the basic question is "who are the floating voters and how do they influence the outcomes of the general elections in KP? This study is an attempt to test the floating voters’ hypothesis in KP. For testing this hypothesis, a four variable scale that includes, decision to vote; political awareness; satisfaction from the performance of the political party and interest in political and/or party affairs is used. Data collection is done through a closed-ended survey questionnaire and a multi-stage sampling technique is used for this purpose. Data is collected from three geographical regions of KP i.e., North, Centre, and South. The study population is total voters of KP, and a representative sample of 1200 respondents is determined through a statistical formula. Chi-Square test is used for the correlations of independent and dependent variables. The analysis of data confirmed the "floating voters’ hypothesis" and identified a significant ratio of floating voters in the KP.

THE ROLE OF INFORMAL FARMER-TO-FARMER SEED DISTRIBUTION IN DIFFUSION OF NEW BARLEY VARIETIES IN SYRIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADEN AW-HASSAN ◽  
AHMED MAZID ◽  
HISHAM SALAHIEH
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Sustainable Services ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThis study examines the role, structure and effectiveness of informal seed systems in the diffusion of new barley varieties. It uses data collected by tracing farmers who received new barley varieties and other farmers who purchased seeds through farmer-to-farmer seed trade over a period of five years. The principal finding was that informal farmer-to-farmer seed dissemination was an important vehicle for the diffusion of new barley varieties, which were grow on 27% of the barley area of monitored farmers, despite a complete lack of extension support. Almost all seed exchanges were undertaken through purchases at market prices, highlighting the importance of markets in informal seed systems. The second main finding was the high concentration of seed sales among a few key seed suppliers, who established reputations as reliable sources of seed and had contacts with research organizations. The importance of market-based local seed transactions implies that farmers specializing in seed sales can invest in local seed enterprises and provide sustainable services at affordable prices. The results of this study indicate great potential for supporting local seed suppliers in order to ensure a sustainable flow of new crop varieties to smallholder farmers in the dry areas. The study also examined farmers' criteria in evaluating and eventually adopting a new variety. These criteria depend on agro-ecological zones with more complex criteria in drier areas with high rainfall variability. These findings will help plant breeding programmes to target dry and marginal areas, where access to new varieties is low, more effectively.

scholarly journals Sequence Variation inToxoplasma gondii rop17Gene among Strains from Different Hosts and Geographical Locations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nian-Zhang Zhang ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Si-Yang Huang ◽  
Dong-Hui Zhou ◽  
Rui-Ai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Gene Data ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Rhoptry Protein

Genetic diversity ofT. gondiiis a concern of many studies, due to the biological and epidemiological diversity of this parasite. The present study examined sequence variation in rhoptry protein 17 (ROP17) gene amongT. gondiiisolates from different hosts and geographical regions. Therop17gene was amplified and sequenced from 10T. gondiistrains, and phylogenetic relationship among theseT. gondiistrains was reconstructed using maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. The partialrop17gene sequences were 1375 bp in length and A+T contents varied from 49.45% to 50.11% among all examinedT. gondiistrains. Sequence analysis identified 33 variable nucleotide positions (2.1%), 16 of which were identified as transitions. Phylogeny reconstruction based onrop17gene data revealed two major clusters which could readily distinguish Type I and Type II strains. Analyses of sequence variations in nucleotides and amino acids among these strains revealed high ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphisms (>1), indicating thatrop17shows signs of positive selection. This study demonstrated the existence of slightly high sequence variability in therop17gene sequences amongT. gondiistrains from different hosts and geographical regions, suggesting thatrop17gene may represent a new genetic marker for population genetic studies ofT. gondiiisolates.

The Validity of the DSM-IV Subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardine S. C. Woo ◽  
Joseph M. Rey
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Almost All ◽  
All Treatment

Objective: To examine the validity of the three subtypes of ADHD defined by DSM-IV. Method: Studies published in English were identified through searches of literature databases. Results: Estimates of the prevalence of ADHD have increased as a result of the introduction of DSM-IV criteria. Factor analytical and genetic studies provide some support for the validity of the distinction between the three subtypes. However, diagnosis of the combined subtype seems more reliable than the other two subtypes, although reliability is largely unknown for the latter. The hyperactive-impulsive subtype, the least common, differs from the other two subtypes in age distribution, association with other factors and neuropsychological parameters. Almost all treatment trials are based on participants with the combined type. Conclusion: Data supporting the validity of the inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes of ADHD a decade after the publication of DSM-IV are still scarce. Given that inattention is the hypothesized core ADHD symptom, it remains to be demonstrated that hyperactive-impulsive children who are not inattentive have the same condition. One of the main research deficits refers to data on treatment of the inattentive and hyperactive impulsive subtypes.

scholarly journals Sanitasi Pemukiman pada Masyarakat dengan Riwayat Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mei Ahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

<p>Environmental-based diseases (PBL) are a health problem and occur in almost all geographical regions in the world. Every year, environment-based diseases are always found and reported to spread evenly at every Puskesmas in Bandar Lampung City. Settlement sanitation is an important aspect directly related to health and society. "Waterborne Disease" disease is still high, proving that there are still sanitation problems in settlements. The study aims to determine the relationship of settlement sanitation with environmental-based diseases in the city of Bandar Lampung. The study used a cross-sectional design, the population is all households in Bandar Lampung City. The sample was 384 respondents, taken randomly using multistage sampling. The results found 14,3% of respondents had a physical component of an unhealthy house, 45,3% of respondents had an unhealthy sanitation facility, 40,1% of the occupants of the house behaved in an unhealthy manner. The test results statistically concluded that there was a significant relationship between settlement sanitation and the incidence of environmental-based diseases.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) strains (Lepidoptera: Bombicidae) with different geographical origin on the basis of isozyme markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47970
Author(s):  
Teodora Atanasova Staykova ◽  
Panomir Ivanov Tzenov ◽  
Yolanda Bogdanova Vasileva ◽  
Sibel Djevdet Aziz ◽  
Evgenya Neshova Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

The aim of the present study was to assess genetics variations within and among strains with different geographical origin, belonging to Bulgarian germplasm bank of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) and to establish their relationships using isoenzyme markers. Polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to study the isoenzymes of nonspecific esterases (EST), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) from haemolymph, phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and hexokinase (HK) from silk glands and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from midgut of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). Variability was evident in all of these enzyme systems among twelve strains from Bulgarian germplasm resources of B. mori. Total of nine loci were detected. All of them (100%) were polymorphic. “Null” alleles in four loci were determined. Intra- and inter-strain polymorphism was obtained. The degree of polymorphism ranged from 0% to 77.80%. Low levels of observed heterozygosity in comparison with the expected one have been calculated in almost all of strains as well as deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in almost all analyzed loci, resulting of excess of homozygotes. The value of FST was 0.4903. The dendrogram constructed with the values of genetic distance manifests that Romanian strain Cislau Tokay is formed one main clade while the rest strains studied (from Bulgaria, Japan, China, Vietnam, Spain, Syria and Egypt) are formed the other clade with subclades. The genetic data of the tested strains from different geographical regions, would be used for identifying suitable parents for breeding programs with a view to yield improvement in this species with economic significance.

Isozyme evidence for independently derived, duplicate G3PDH loci among squamate reptiles

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2381-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Sites Jr. ◽  
Robert W. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Fixed Heterozygosity ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
Independent Gene ◽  
Sceloporus Grammicus ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Almost All

We report evidence for several independent gene duplications for the locus encoding the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) in squamate reptiles. Evidence for the duplication comes from population genetic studies demonstrating "fixed" heterozygosity in all members of some lizard species, the documentation of independent allelic heterozygosity at each of the two G3PDH loci in these same species, and tissue-specific gene expression surveys in a taxonomically diverse array of groups. The duplicated condition is present at both low and high taxonomic levels (selected populations of the phrynosomatid lizard Sceloporus grammicus, and almost all snakes, respectively), and appears to represent the derived condition in most of these groups. One notable exception is the colubrid snake genus Masticophis, which appears to be characterized by an apomorphic secondary silencing event. Evolutionary implications of the duplication and silencing events within squamates are discussed, and we suggest that the overall phylogenetic utility of this marker is low in this radiation as a result of extensive homoplasy.

scholarly journals Amino acid sequences of Euglena viridis ferredoxin and cytochromes c

1991 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Ambler ◽  
M D Kamen ◽  
R G Bartsch ◽  
T E Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
British Library ◽  
Sequence Determination ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Cytochromes C ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sequence Identities

The Order Euglenida comprises many species and perhaps 40 genera, but almost all biochemical and genetic studies have been limited to a single species. Euglena gracilis, because of its ease of growth in the laboratory. Sequence studies of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins from E. gracilis show that they have diverged widely from other eukaryotic lines. In the present paper we report the sequences of three proteins from another euglenoid, Euglena viridis, using material isolated from a natural bloom. The mitochondrial cytochrome c shows more than 90% sequence identity with that from E. gracilis, and contains the same characteristic features. The chloroplast cytochrome c6 has diverged to a greater extent and shows only 77% identity. The chloroplast ferredoxin from E. viridis is similar in sequence to those of cyanobacteria and algal chloroplasts, with sequence identities of up to 75%. Details of the purification, analysis and sequence determination experiments on the peptides have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50163 (32 pages) at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1991) 273, 5.

The Effect of Unforeseen Disruption on Different Types of Manufacturing Industry-Layout

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 1287-1295
Author(s):  
J.M. Ikome ◽  
S.P. Ayodeji ◽  
M.G. Kanakana
Keyword(s):  
Production Scheduling ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Industry Layout ◽  
Almost All

Consistency and on timely delivery are among some of the factors that can keep a customer loyal and committed to a manufacturing industry. Almost all manufacturing facilities need to use production scheduling systems to increase productivity, reduce production costs and time. Most manufacturing industries invest huge amount of money to manufacture and supply products on time in order to meet customers demand and objectives but due to unforeseen disruptions, these objectives are difficult to achieve. In Real-life, production operations are subject to a large number of unexpected disruptions that may invalidate an original schedule. Being able to cope or react to these disruptions determines a company’s out-put and profitability. Productivity expression and simulation models are employed to assist in determining operational characteristics and also by comparing results from undisrupted system with that which is disrupted. These proposed models are tested on different tile manufacturing industry lay-outs in CMR and it is demonstrated that the leading source of disruption varies with different industry-layout and geographical regions. The study revealed that, the most common cause of disruption are power failure, machine breakdown, advert whether and employees absenteeism).This can be concluded from an industrial engineering point of view that, disruption during tile manufacturing is the main cause of low productivity or out-put in CMR tile manufacturing industries.

scholarly journals TLRs and innate immunity

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Concise Description

AbstractOne of the most fundamental questions in immunology pertains to the recognition of non-self, which for the most part means microbes. How do we initially realize that we have been inoculated with microbes, and how is the immune response ignited? Genetic studies have made important inroads into this question during the past decade, and we now know that in mammals, a relatively small number of receptors operate to detect signature molecules that herald infection. One or more of these signature molecules are displayed by almost all microbes. These receptors and the signals they initiate have been studied in depth by random germline mutagenesis and positional cloning (forward genetics). Herein is a concise description of what has been learned about the Toll-like receptors, which play an essential part in the perception of microbes and shape the complex host responses that occur during infection.

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