A synthetic transcription factor pair mimic for precise recruitment of an epigenetic modifier to the targeted DNA locus

ePIP–HoGu not only mimics the transcription factor operation as pairs but is also capable of recruiting the epigenetic modifiers to a particular DNA locus.

Study on The Industrial Cluster of Tropical Bananas Based on Gem Model

In recent years, the development of agricultural industry clusters is rapid in China. As a main producing area of bananas, the Hainan Ledong Industrial Cluster’s competitiveness is of great significance to the development of the whole banana industry in China. This paper first analyzed the cultivation of tropical banana and the market share of bananas in each region, and then analyzed the competitiveness of Ledong banana industry cluster through the GEM (Groundings- Enterprises- Markets) model. The results showed that the GEM model score was 456 points, and the domestic cluster competitiveness exceeded the average level. The “factor pair” socre suggested that the scores of the structure, strategy and competition of the enterprise were low, which restricted the development of Ledong banana industry cluster.

Dependence of Photorespiration and Photosynthetic Unit Sizes on Two Interdependent Nuclear Gene Factors in Tobacco

A new set of tobacco mutants was obtained by selfing a single variegated plant which emerged in a seed lot of Nicotiana tabacum var. Consolation. The seeds obtained from this mutant give rise to four phenotypes: variegated, yellow, yellow-green, and green seedlings. The green, yellow-green and yellow characters are due to two interdependent nuclear gene factors. The yellow-green phenotype is the homozygous (aabb) true breeding condition, whereas the green and the yellow phenotype are heterozygous (AaBb) with respect to both nuclear factors, the difference in the yellow and green phenotype being the addition of a labile gene factor pair, Cc, in the yellow condition. If photorespiration is measured as the Warburg effect or as 180 2-consumption by mass spectrometry it appears that the heterozygous green phenotype is the defective condition with high photorespiration. The three phenotypes differ with respect to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic unit sizes, the photosynthetic unit size in the yellow phenotype being approxi­ mately 1/10 of that of the green type. The gene expression for photorespiration (measured as 180 2-uptake for example) in the heterozygous green type is suppressed by the addition of the labile gene factor pair Cc in heterozygous condition which leads to the yellow phenotype. In the yellow and green phenotype the photosynthetic unit size is different but not the ratio of photosys­ tem I/photosystem II activity. Moreover, from the present studies it appears that the Warburg effect i. e. an increase of photo­ synthetic rate upon anoxia, can only partly be due to an inhibition of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate oxygenase or glycolate oxidase.

INHERITANCE IN NICOTIANA. I. STUDY OF THE GLAUCOUS AND THE YELLOW CHARACTERS IN N. TABACUM L.

1. Two previously undescribed characters of N. tabacum are described and studied genetically. The yellow plant color appears to be distinct from similar deficiencies heretofore reported. It is not to be confused with the Burley character in White Burley tobacco. 2. Green color is dominant to yellow color. 3. Normal green is dominant to glaucous or "Ceniza". 4. Green and yellow are differentiated by a single factor pair which is designated Yy. 5. Normal green and Ce or glaucous plants are differentiated by two factor pairs; therefore segregation occurs in the proportion of 15 normal green to 1 glaucous (Ce). These are designated by Ce1 ce1 Ce2 ce2. 6. The factors for glaucous and for yellow are inherited independently of each other.

A SECOND FACTOR FOR AWN BARBING IN DURUM WHEAT

Besides the major factor pair determining the inheritance of awn barbing in durum wheat, a second factor pair was shown to exist. This second factor, when homozygous, and in the absence of the major factor, which is responsible for the usual rough-awned condition, produces an intermediate type of awn barbing, characterized by scattered barbs from the tip to the base of the awn. This second factor is hypostatic to the major factor. No linkage was found between either of these factors and the factors determining black versus non-black awns, pubescent versus glabrous glumes, and brown versus white glume colour.

MENDELIAN INHERITANCE OF CERTAIN PATHOGENIC CHARACTERS OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI

Crossing and selfing studies with physiologic races of Puccinia graminis Tritici have shown that certain pathogenic characters are dominant to others. The "0" type of infection (absence of rust pustules) on the variety Kanred was found to be dominant to the "4" type (large rust pustules), so that when a race producing the "0" type was crossed with a race producing the "4" type the hybrid rust produced the "0" type. When the hybrid race was selfed, the "0" type occurred about three times as frequently in F2 as the "4" type, a fact indicating that rust behaviour on this variety is governed by a single-factor pair. The "4" type of infection on the variety Mindum normally was dominant to the "1" type (very small pustules) and occurred about three times as frequently in F2. The "1" type of infection on the emmer variety Vernal was dominant to the "4" type and recurred in some crosses, about 15 times as frequently in F2 as the "4" type. Rust behaviour on this variety appears to be governed by duplicate factors, each factor being capable of exerting the same effect. Evidence derived from a study of the F2 populations of two crosses between races 9 and 36 indicated that the factors governing rust behaviour on Kanred, Mindum, and Vernal, were different and were inherited independently of each other. In crosses in which the two parent races produced different infection types on the variety Marquis, the cytoplasm of the maternal parent race appeared to influence pathogenicity on this variety.As a result of these studies it is concluded that despite the binucleate condition of stem rust in its uredial phase, the genes function as if they were present in a single diploid nucleus, and that, owing to fusion of the nuclei in the teliospore and subsequent meiotic divisions, independent segregation of factors occurs as in higher plants. The crossing of physiologic races and the selling of the hybrids lead to various recombinations of existing pathogenic characters that may result in the formation of new physiologic races without involving the creation of pathogenic characters not possessed by the parent races.