Key Elements and Their Roles in Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystem: Comparative Review and Suggestions for Sustainability

This paper examines two core issues of the university-based entrepreneurship education ecosystem by explicating the key elements of the ecosystem and their roles, and the development process and sustainable construction strategy of the ecosystem. Thirty stakeholders of ecosystems from the US universities were interviewed, and the transcripts of these interviews were coded through a three-phase process, including open, axial, selective coding, and were analyzed based on the grounded theory. It was found that (i) the key elements of the university-based entrepreneurship education ecosystem consist of six units (colleges and universities, learners, educators, government, industry, and community) acting as initiators and seven factors (entrepreneurship curriculum, entrepreneurial activities and practices, organizational structure, resources, leadership vision, core faculty, and operating mechanism) acting as the intermediaries; (ii) These key elements constitute three independent functional subsystems, namely, teaching and innovation, support, and operation that are interconnected by the universities; (iii) The development process of a university-based entrepreneurship education ecosystem involves seven steps as preparation, germination, growth, equilibrium, stagnation, recession, and collapse; (iv) For sustainability, suggestions on a solid foundation, continuous investment, and constant monitoring are provided to university administrators and policymakers to advance higher education’s contribution to social and economic development.

Combination of hydrogel-toluidine blue and light 600 nm for inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro

Skin damage is accompanied by bacterial infection of the wound. Different materials are used for accelerate tissue regeneration and minimize bacterial contamination. Also it is prevent the penetration of bacteria to damaged tissues. After the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms began the search for alternative means of their inactivation. Photosensitizers are used for this purpose. Their maxima of optical absorbance are in the red and infrared regions. The use of such substances provides powerful bactericidal effects, but with low toxicity to surrounding tissues. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effectiveness of combining hydrogels with toluidine blue and irradiation by light of 600 nm to inhibit the in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Equilibrium is not formed after incubation of hydrogels with toluidine blue after 3 h in aqueous solution. During this time, 57 and 43 % of the photosensitizer is desorbed from the hydrogels PAA and D-PAA, respectively. Process rate depends on the type of polymer. Desorption of TB from D-PAA is 30% faster. Irradiation of the suspension of S. aureus by light of 600 nm reduced the CFU amount by 25 % at a dose more than 4 J/ml. Short incubation (20 min) of the PAA and D-PAA hydrogels in the bacterial suspension and light irradiation (600 nm), the amount of CFU are reduced by 33% and 15 %, respectively. Increasing the incubation time of PAA does not increase the bactericidal effect. Exposure of 80 min D-PAA with TB in a suspension of S. aureus, followed by light irradiation provides inactivation of 50 % CFU. Thus, the D-PAA system with toluidine blue in combination with 600 nm light can be used to inactivate S. aureus.

Misbalances in Russian agricultural corporations economic growth

The sustainability and balance of companies’ growth, especially if they are systemically important for the national economy, is essential for ensuring sustainable development. The article analyzes the balanced growth equilibrium rule for Russian corporations from leading industries: oil and gas industry, transport, metallurgy, and retail. Paper used the data of the official consolidated financial statements for 2011-2019. It is concluded that Russian corporations’ growth is not balanced, which can have negative consequences both for their long-term development and for their stakeholders: employees, suppliers, and local communities. In 2019, no corporation demonstrated a balanced growth for key economic indicators. A misbalance in growth is typically observed in two indicators - sales revenue and profit on sales. The paper concludes that tendency highlighted leads to weak in investment and other important activities, including sustainable development goal achievement.

Growth Dynamics, Multiple Equilibria, and Local Indeterminacy in an Endogenous Growth Model of Money, Banking and Inflation Targeting

We develop an overlapping generations monetary endogenous growth (generated by productive public expenditures) model with inflation targeting, characterized by relocation shocks for young agents, which in turn generates a role for money (even in the presence of the return-dominating physical capital) and financial intermediaries. Based on this model, we show that growth dynamics emerge with a S-shaped growth path producing three equilibria. The low and high-growth equilibria are stable, but locally indeterminate, while the medium-growth equilibrium is unstable. Since, government expenditure is productive in our model, a higher inflation-target would translate into higher growth, but under multiple equilibria, this is not necessarily always the case.

Modeling the Cost of Technology Transfer and Economic Growth in Nigeria

This research studies the effects of wireless mobile phone technology on technology transfer and economic growth, and its distributional consequence in Nigeria. After deregulation of telecom industry, wireless technology has become widely available in Nigeria The current study argues that the availability of wireless technology helps to reduce the cost of learning and implementing world technology frontier and thus that it promotes smoother transfer of technology from technologically-advanced countries to Nigeria and brings significant growth in the economy. Using a multi-sector Schumpeterian growth model, thus, it explains the relationship between the cost of technology transfer and economic growth. The model generates two equilibria where the low equilibrium has zero growth. This study shows that a group with low cost of technology transfer is likely to achieve the high growth equilibrium while a group with high cost of technology transfer is likely to achieve the low growth equilibrium. Using the industry-level and the state-level data, the study found that the availability of wireless technology increased transfer of technology measured by the volume of imports and spurred growth in Nigeria. Moreover, the research found that the benefit of the wireless technology is greater for lower income groups and thus the technology helped to reduce distributional inequality of economic benefit.

Thermodynamic research of jadeite jade at high temperatures and high pressures based on phase balance intelligent calculation

Based on the thermodynamic calculation of chemical composition and the intelligent calculation of phase equilibria, the temperature-pressure of the diagenetic environment of Burma jadeite-jade was studied, and its metamorphism was ver?ified. Firstly, the Wkj value and activity of the four end-member of jadeite (Jd), augite (Acm), diopsite (Di), and hedenbergite (Hed) were calculated. Jadeite rock system was simplified as NCFMASH, and the equilibrium temperature-pressure conditions of both the combination of quartz and jadeite, sodium-feldspar with little kyanite, and the combination of jadeite diopside, hedenbergite, kyanite, sodium-tremolite, tremolite and oblique zoisite were revealed as 751?C with 17.0 kb, and 631?C with 18.8 kb. Based on the two kinds of mineral combination with a small amount of sodium mica [Pa], the balance of the system temperature should be in the range from 700-770?C, and balanced pressure-range should be in the range from 17.34-18.83 kb, which reflects the pure NCFMASH system hard rock type jadeite-jade rock formation of the real balance temperature-pressure range. It is concluded that the metamorphism of jadeite rock has a stable growth equilibrium temperature-pressure range, which is the reaction interval of the closed system NCTNASH. It is explained that the reason that synthetic jadeite-jade reaches the gem level is that it has not been simulated as a mineral assemblage in the later stage and it will be subjected to multi-phase dynamic metamorphism after the rock forms, so it is unreasonable that jadeite synthesize is not just from one mineral crystals.