POLICY AND PRACTICE IN ODA DISBURSEMENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN SOUTH KOREA'S OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

South Korea is the only nation to become an important donor nation after being a recipient of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for several decades. In 2010, it became a member of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, and while it has continued to use its experience as a former ODA recipient to inform its distribution practices, it also has evolved its ODA policies in response to changes in international norms and the imperatives associated with being a DAC-member nation. We know that, while policies may change, actual ODA disbursements—which nations are selected as recipients and receive ODA in what amounts—may lag or even remain unchanged. In this paper, we use the case of South Korea to determine how actual ODA disbursements change in response to policy changes. To accomplish this, we use a selection model to conduct a statistical analysis of South Korea's ODA disbursements using dyadic data from 1987 to 2016. Our results indicate that, while there has been continuity in terms of which nations receive South Korean ODA, there were also notable changes in its disbursements. Specifically, the ODA policy changes the South Korean government enacted did result in an altered profile of nations that were targeted by South Korea as ODA recipients.

NATO Standards and Practice for Munitions Safety and Insensitive Munitions

The NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) is a multinational collaboration that collects, stores, and analyses technical information related to Munitions Safety (MS) and Insensitive Munitions (IM). MSIAC supports its member nations through a variety of products and services. Poland is becoming a MSIAC member nation during 2018. MSIAC has a diverse programme of work aimed at developing and sharing the related underpinning scientific knowledge. This is then applied to support policy implementation and development related to munition safety. This paper provides an overview of: NATO policies for MS related to the storage and transport of munitions; NATO IM requirements and testing; and how they relate to Poland. In particular, a comparison of NATO munitions storage policy with Poland munitions storage regulations has identified some differences. These differences are discussed.

MSIAC – Supporting the Munitions Safety Community

The NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) is a multinational collaboration that collects, stores, and analyses technical information related to Munitions Safety (MS) and Insensitive Munitions (IM). This paper and presentation will provide an overview of MSIAC’s recent achievements in advancing munition safety efforts on behalf of its member nations. MSIAC supports its member nations through a variety of products and services. Poland is anticipated to become a member nation near the end of 2016. In addition to a core responsibility of addressing technical questions related to Munitions Safety posed by nations, MSIAC has a diverse programme of work aimed at developing and sharing the related underpinning scientific knowledge. This is then applied to support policy implementation and development related to munition safety. Some examples of current activities are given in this paper as well as future activities.

India’s Tryst with International Criminal Law: Why Delhi Cannot Digest the Roman Pasta?

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998 (the statute) establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC) seeks to provide an international criminal law regime to deal with crimes against humanity. Despite the path breaking structure of this statute, India has refrained from being a signatory to it. This paper deals extensively with India’s unhappiness over a universally important and well drafted law like the Rome Statute. This paper debates two major concerns of India with respect to the statute: abuse of referrals by the Security Council and the challenge to its sovereignty. It also features an exhaustive discussion of India’s eagerness to include terrorism and ‘use of nuclear warfare’ as crimes under the statute. Based on an extensive legal research, the author concludes that India must make no further delay in becoming a member nation of thestatute.

Sécurité sanitaire et référentiels privés des distributeurs: de l'évitement de la responsabilité ŕ la satisfaction des obligations prescrites par la législation alimentaire

- The food sanitary requirements are inforcing the relationships between food suppliers and distributors; these requirements are transforming their contractual practices. This article analyses the recent and deep evolution of contracts in the food chain in the light of food safety and liability regulations. It underlines the link between retailers'private standards and the challenge of liability in the UK and in France. The questions are as follows: "does the adoption of private standards reflect the implementation by retailers of a policy to avoid liability? Is the strategy identical in all countries, or does it vary with the differences between the ways legal systems address liability in each EU member nation?" The article will show that the challenges associated with liability cannot alone explain the differences in strategies observed between French and British distributors. For essentially economic reasons, it is the distributors who are the best placed to define food sanitary requirements in the food chain, and to meet obligations arising from European food law. Parole chiave: legislazione alimentare, sicurezza alimentare, contratti, fornitori alimentari, commercianti, responsabilitŕ. Key words: food law, food safety, contract, food suppliers, final retailers, liability.

Ethnicity, Xenophobia and the Boundaries of Europe

This paper will argue that the political and economic integration of the European Union has played a crucial role in helping the spread of xenophobia and ethnic conflict across the continent. The redrawing of boundaries within the European Union and the increasing restrictions on those outside the EU does not solely involve internal policies of the EU and member nation states but also entails a process of capitalist reconstruction and globalisation. Confronted with the contradictions involved in the move towards supra-national centralisation and economic globalisation people are encouraged to reinvent their ethnicity and engage in ethnic conflict. Attempts to define Europe as a cultural entity also deepen these contradictions and official claims concerning 'Europe's civilising role' fail to appreciate the ways in which the EU has acted as a catalyst for xenophobia through a failure to confront the deepening contradictions, especially the racism which has always represented the darker side of modernity.

Bilingual Education in South Australian Aboriginal Schools

Australia is a member nation of the International Labour Organisation. Article 23 of the I.L.O. Convention concerning the Protection Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries reads: Children belonging to populations concerned shall be taught to read and write in their mother tongue, or, where this is not practicable, in the language most commonly used by the group to which they belong.Provision shall be made for a progressive transition from the mother tongue or the vernacular language to the mother language or to one of the official languages of the country.Appropriate measures shall, as far as possible, be taken to preserve the mother tongue or the vernacular language.

46. Teaching of Astronomy

During the 13th IAU General Assembly in Prague it was decided that each nation adhering to the IAU should be represented in Commission 46 by one member interested in the teaching of Astronomy. Six nations were already represented by the members of the Organizing Committee. For all other nations the Commission President contacted the head of the National Delegations to the IAU with the request to designate one IAU member of the particular country as member of Commission 46. With only a few exceptions every IAU member nation designated a representative in this Commission which now contains representatives of 33 nations. It is hoped that the missing nations in our Commission will also soon be represented by an IAU member active in the promotion of Astronomy education. Each member is responsible to (a) promote the teaching of Astronomy in his own country, (b) to keep in touch with the Astronomy teachers of his country, and (c) to communicate to the Commission President any programs and developments, problems and needs concerned with Astronomy education in his country. It is also hoped that institutions in countries not yet adhering to the IAU but which might wish to start some Astronomy teaching, could contact the Commission and, in some specific cases, could designate a Consulting Member to the Commission.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

The third session of the General Conference of UNESCO met in Beirut, Lebanon from November 17 through December 11, 1948, with 36 member nations represented and official observers from eight other countries. Jaime Torres Bodet, Julian Huxley. Paris was selected for the site of the fourth session in September 1949, and a budget of $7,780,000 was approved. During the session, Switzerland completed the requirements to become the 45th member nation and the application of Monaco was approved. Ceylon's application was referred to the Economic and Social Council for advice, while Israel withdrew its application.