Sécurité sanitaire et référentiels privés des distributeurs: de l'évitement de la responsabilité ŕ la satisfaction des obligations prescrites par la législation alimentaire

2009 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Perrot Marine Friant
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Member Nation ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Private Standards ◽  
The Uk

- The food sanitary requirements are inforcing the relationships between food suppliers and distributors; these requirements are transforming their contractual practices. This article analyses the recent and deep evolution of contracts in the food chain in the light of food safety and liability regulations. It underlines the link between retailers'private standards and the challenge of liability in the UK and in France. The questions are as follows: "does the adoption of private standards reflect the implementation by retailers of a policy to avoid liability? Is the strategy identical in all countries, or does it vary with the differences between the ways legal systems address liability in each EU member nation?" The article will show that the challenges associated with liability cannot alone explain the differences in strategies observed between French and British distributors. For essentially economic reasons, it is the distributors who are the best placed to define food sanitary requirements in the food chain, and to meet obligations arising from European food law. Parole chiave: legislazione alimentare, sicurezza alimentare, contratti, fornitori alimentari, commercianti, responsabilitŕ. Key words: food law, food safety, contract, food suppliers, final retailers, liability.

scholarly journals What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Edward Haynes ◽  
Chris Conyers ◽  
Dr Marc Kennedy ◽  
Roy Macarthur ◽  
Sam McGreig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Uk

This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and find ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.

Narrative Exchange as Knowledge Transfer: The Rhetorical Construction of Opposition to GM Crops in SW England

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Downing
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Rhetorical Construction ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Uk

The release of genetically modified organisms into the environment and food chain in the UK has produced one of the most visible and enduring controversies of recent times. Amid ongoing claim and counter-claim by actors on either side of the GM ‘debate’ over the salient ‘facts’ or balance of risks and benefits associated with the technology, this controversy can be fruitfully seen as a struggle between contested networks of knowledge. Drawing on ethnographic data collected during recent PhD fieldwork, I focus on those, loosely defined as members of ‘local food networks’ in SW England, who perceive their values and cultural projects to be at risk from the deployment of this technology. In scrutinizing how distinctly ‘oppositional’ knowledge is created, exchanged and transformed particularly in relation to the construction and maintenance of cultural and historical boundaries, I suggest that in this arena a key vehicle of knowledge transfer is the narrative or story. A successfully deployed narrative can resolve uncertainties, or equally, dissolve undesirable certainties. Knowledge transfer thus becomes a matter of rhetoric, of persuasion, whereby skilfully deployed narratives can be viewed as analogical networks of associations - enrolling culturally appropriate characters, values and concepts - to move the targeted audience in the desired manner. I argue that such transfers must be seen not only as exchanges of networks of knowledge but also of networks of ignorance, for as the ethnographic data reveals, when the stakes are perceived to be so high, ideological coherence often outweighs empirical evidence and logical consistency. This raises a critical dilemma for the ethnographer. What should he/she do when confronted in the field by exaggerated claims or misinformation?

Gli standard privati di sicurezza alimentare: un modello di teoria dei contratti per l'analisi degli aspetti organizzativi e promozionali

2012 ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Antonella Di Fonzo ◽  
Maria Angela Perito ◽  
Carlo Russo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Private Standards ◽  
Food Distributors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Large Distribution ◽  
Current Behavior

In recent years, large food distributors poured considerable effort in the definition of private standards of food safety for their products. Despite these efforts, medium and large retailers have yet to begin advertising to their consumers the adoption of such standards and, in doing so, do not actively pursue a diversification strategy for their products. This behavior seems paradoxical as large retailers would benefit from product differentiation. This article focuses on the role of standards in the coordination of the supply channels and proposes a theoretical model that gives an economic motivation to the current behavior of large retailers. The first objective of this study is to demonstrate how the adoption of standards is a rational choice for large retailers, even in the case in which consumers are not willing to pay for food safety. The reason is that standards can also be used to solve information asymmetry problems and organize the supply chain. Secondly, the theoretical model of contracts suggests that, investments related to the promotion of standards to the consumers, might, under certain conditions, undermine the profits of the large distribution.

THE ENVIRONMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LEGAL AND TAX ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
Seymur Firdovsi Huseynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Key Words ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Consumer Rights

The growth of e-commerce in world trade has been so rapid that the legal systems of states and societies have been unprepared for the challenges that have arisen. These problems were not only related to the protection of consumer rights in the electronic environment, but also other legal, ethical and taxing issues. This article analyzes the legal and taxing problems posed by e-commerce, the conditions under which they arise, and the legislative techniques provided for in EU legislation in relation to the solution of these problems. Key words: e-commerce, taxation problems, legal problems, European value added tax

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTY OF RAW MEAT IMPORTS IN THE YEAR 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena VRANEŠEVIĆ́ ◽  
Suzana VIDAKOVIĆ́ ◽  
Slobodan KNEŽEVIĆ́ ◽  
Miloš PELIĆ́ ◽  
Zoran RUŽIĆ́ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
High Water ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Official Control

International trade requires food safety guarantees based on specialized hygiene standards, transparency procedures, and programs. Meat, because of its high water content and nutrition, can be an ideal medium for microorganism growth and multiplication. Salmonella, as one of the most common pathogens that can be transmitted from animals to humans, causes major public health problems worldwide. Although mortality is low, the disease has important social and economic consequences. Based on governmental regulation, Serbia runs an active, official control of Salmonella in meat. From January to December 2017, 193 samples of imported pork, beef, lamb, kid, and poultry meat were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. Only one (0.52%) of all analyzed samples was positive to Salmonella spp. The positive sample was frozen chicken drumsticks together with thighs originated from Poland, which makes 6.67% of the total examined poultry meat samples. Infected poultry is one of the most important reservoirs of Salmonella that are transmitted to humans through the food chain. The identity of the isolated strain was biochemically and serologically confirmed to be Salmonella Infantis. This pathogen is in the 4th place of most common Salmonella serovar among human isolates in Europe and the most common serovar isolated from poultry meat. In order to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella spp. it is necessary to maintain all the food safety standards through the whole food chain, from farm to fork.

scholarly journals A comprehensive risk pathway of the qualitative likelihood of human exposure to SARS-CoV-2 from the food chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Locas ◽  
Julie Brassard ◽  
Megan Rose-Martel ◽  
Dominic Lambert ◽  
Alyssa Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Risk Pathway ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The Impact

A group of experts from all Canadian federal food safety partners was formed to monitor the potential issues relating to SARS-CoV-2 food contamination, to gather and consider all of the relevant evidence and to determine the impact for Canadian food safety. A comprehensive risk pathway was generated to consider the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 contamination event at any of the relevant steps of the food processing and handling chain, and potential for exposure and transmission of the virus to the consumer. The scientific evidence was reviewed and assessed for each event in the pathway, taking into consideration relevant elements that could increase or mitigate the risk of contamination. The advantage of having an event-wise contextualization of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission pathway through the food chain, is that it provides a systematic and consistent approach to evaluate any new data and communicate its importance and impact. The pathway also increases the objectivity and consistency of the assessment in a rapidly evolving and high-stakes situation.   Based on our review and analysis, there is currently no comprehensive epidemiological evidence of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2, or its variants, causing COVID-19 from transmission through food or food packaging. Considering the remote possibility of exposure through food, the likelihood of exposure by ingestion or contact with mucosa is considered negligible to very low and good hygiene practices during food preparation should continue to be followed.

I controlli sulla circolazione dei prodotti alimentari

2009 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Teresa Babuscio
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Key Words ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
White Spaces ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Set Up

- Food controls are a key issue within the European food safety arena. Since 2002 the legislator is constantly improving the control system in order to better achieve the high safety principles contained in the European regulation n.178 and the network set up in it. Thus, the regulation n. 882/2004 is specifically dedicated to food safety controls: it is the main piece of legislation concerning this aspect as it has been adopted by the co-decisions procedure which involves the European Parliament and the Council. Despite that, it left some "white" spaces to be filled by the implementing measures adopted within the so called comitology procedure in which it is the Commission to act as a co-regulator. The latter is currently implementing art. 15.5. of the regulation n. 882/2004 to set up a system of increased controls for food and feed. Key words: food safety; control system; regulation n. 882/2004.

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