Factors influencing maternal mortality in Cumilla city corporation, Bangladesh

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The main purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing maternal mortality in Cumilla city corporation, Bangladesh.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted with a questionnaire and interview survey to investigate the current objective.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The major findings of this study were 11.33% respondents had no educations, 19.3% of respondents had no knowledge about ANC services, 22% of respondents had no knowledge about PNC services. It was about 49.33% of respondents first heard about the birth control method from their friends and relative as service providers and field workers were less active in those places. However, 28% of respondents were between 16 and 25 years which represents teenage or early marriage highly influences maternal mortality in this study area. Lack of postnatal and antenatal care were strong determinants for increasing maternal mortality.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The current findings have a significant impact on society and demographic economics because the study of influencing factors of maternal mortality in this study area was not conducted before. The current study will help to create opportunities for future research.</p>

Women’s socioeconomic status and choice of birth control method: an investigation for the case of Turkey

This study investigated whether woman’s education, labour market status and the status within the household have any impact on their birth control behaviour in Turkey. Empirical analyses were implemented using the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey dataset, which includes information on women’s socioeconomic status and their current choice of contraceptives: whether they used any method, and if so, what method they used. Using a bivariate probit model with selection to control for any possible selection bias, the results suggest that whether a woman uses any birth control method, and whether the woman chooses modern methods over traditional methods, are primarily explained by education level and urban/rural residence, and that the determinants of contraceptive use vary across college-educated and non-college-educated women. The results also indicate that non-employed women are less likely to use any birth control method compared with women with regular, full-time jobs. However the effect was statistically insignificant.

Endoscopic removal of an incidentally discovered intrauterine contraceptive device eroding into the rectum

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a common birth control method. It is safe but can be associated with serious complications including migration into the peritoneal cavity and penetration into other intra-abdominal and pelvic viscera; most commonly the rectosigmoid colon. Different retrieval methods including endoscopy, laparoscopy or open abdominal surgery have been described. We report the case of 38-year-old woman who became pregnant shortly after insertion of the IUCD 6 years prior to presentation. She delivered vaginally and ‘expulsion’ of the device was assumed. Some 4 years later, she had another IUCD inserted and remained asymptomatic till she recently presented with iron-deficiency anaemia. As part of the investigation, diagnostic colonoscopy was performed. Surprisingly, the old IUCD was found penetrating into the midrectum. Uneventful endoscopic removal was performed and she remained well at 3-month follow-up. Migrating IUCD remains asymptomatic and may be discovered accidentally during routine investigation for some other symptoms.

Knowledge and Acceptance towards Vasectomy in a Sample of Medicine Students, Meta 2018

Introduction The low adherence to vasectomy is associated with the cultural environment, with false beliefs, and with lack of knowledge. In Colombia, the practice of vasectomy increased 3% between 1990 and 2015. Medical education seeks to have an impact on the general population; therefore, medicine students should have knowledge and attitudes toward birth control that include a significant participation of the male gender. Objective To describe the level of knowledge, beliefs, and acceptance of vasectomy in a sample of Colombian medicine students. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study, nonprobabilistic sample by convenience with a total of 112 medicine students from different universities of the country attending at a university event. A total of 20 dichotomous questions were used. Results A total of 72.3% of the students answered correctly most of the answers; the knowledge level was grouped in high (53.35%), medium (41.07%), and low (5.35%). Up to 95.5% of the students recognized vasectomy as a male birth control method. Regarding beliefs, > 99% considered that family planning is not just a responsibility of women, although only 75% of the men would accept undergo a vasectomy. Conclusions Colombian medicine students have a good level of knowledge about vasectomy, they recommend performing the surgery, and recognize the active participation of males in contraception; nevertheless, a higher willingness to perform a vasectomy would be expected from this population. Training on the subject would break barriers about beliefs and promote proper counseling in birth control consultations.

Views of Adolescent Girls on the Use of Implanon in a Public Primary Health Care Clinic in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Background: Implanon is one of the contraceptives that protects women from falling pregnant for a period of 3 years. Levonorgestrel implants are perfect for adolescents who wish to have lengthy protection against pregnancy and for those who are not consistent in taking Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP). Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the views of adolescent girls on the use of Implanon as a birth control method. Methods: A qualitative explorative and descriptive study was conducted to explore and describe the views of adolescent girls regarding the use of Implanon as a birth control method at a primary health clinic in Limpopo Province. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 adolescent girls who had previously used the Implanon and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using the Tesch’s open coding analysis and the following themes emerged: views of adolescent’s girls on the use of Implanon, experiences of adolescent girls while using Implanon, health professionals and the insertion of Implanon and other chronic treatments. Results: The study reveals that the lack of trained health professionals, competency in performing Implanon insertion and poor counseling skills by health professionals prompted fear amongst the adolescent girls, which contributed to the low uptake of adolescent girls of the Implanon contraceptive. Conclusion: There is a need for more training of health professionals on counseling skills, insertion, and removal of Implanon. Furthermore, awareness campaigns or dialogues must be hosted annually to engage the public to talk about Implanon.

Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy

Adolescent pregnancy rates are high worldwide. However, insufficient information exists regarding the frequency of birth control methods used before the first pregnancy and postpartum. In the current study, we analyzed the association of sociodemographic factors with the knowledge of birth control methods and their use before and after pregnancy in a sample of adolescents in Mexico City. A cohort study was conducted on 600 pregnant adolescents in Mexico City, from 2013 to 2017, at a health care institution providing prenatal care. Participants were assessed during the second trimester and four months postpartum. The questionnaire explored the knowledge of birth control methods, their use, and other associated factors. Two logistic regression models were implemented to identify potential variables associated with the lack of birth control method use before and after pregnancy. The mean age of participants was 15.4 + 1 years, of which, 48% and 65.2% used a birth control method before pregnancy and postpartum, respectively. We found that the main factors associated with increased risk of not using any birth control method before pregnancy included being under the age of 15 years, school dropout, having an educational lag, initiation of sexual life before the age of 15, and having a mother who did not inform their child about contraceptives. By contrast, variables associated with a higher risk of not using any contraceptive methods after pregnancy included educational lag, lower level of education, and the fact that the adolescent had not used any birth control prior to the pregnancy.

Condom Use by Partner Type Among Military and Police Personnel in Peru

The aim of this study was to analyze the rates of condom use among military and police populations in Peru, focusing on differences in use by type of partner. A Knowledge Attitudes and Practices survey was conducted among 6,808 military and police personnel in 18 Peruvian cities between August–September 2006 and September–October 2007. A total of 90.2% of the survey respondents were male; mean age was 37.8 years and 77.9% were married/cohabiting. In all, 99.5% reported having had sex; 89% of the participants had their last sexual contact with their stable partner, 9.7% with a nonstable partner, and 0.8% with a sex worker. Overall, 20.4% used a condom during their most recent sexual contact. Reasons for nonuse of condoms included the following: perception that a condom was not necessary (31.3%) and using another birth control method (26.7%). Prevention efforts against sexually transmitted diseases should focus on strengthening condom use, especially among individuals with nonstable partners.