Development and Performance Evaluation of a Pulverizer for Plantain Flour Process Plant

Diabetes, adjudged a risk factor for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), can be managed through consumption of plantain and its associated products. Plantain is usually processed into flour and other storable/value-added products due to its very short shelf-life. To process unripe plantain pulps into flour, there is a need for size reduction after drying. This paper presents the development and performance evaluation of a size reduction unit for pulverizing, sieving and conveying material to the next processing stage in a plantain flour process plant. Its model was developed using solidworks application software. After design analysis, the model was simulated to establish its suitability/adequacy for fabrication. The pulverizer was fabricated using locally available materials. Its performance evaluation gave 400kg/h throughput, 96% crushing efficiency and 96% efficiency based on the required particle size. The average particle size of flour obtained was 236μm using 500μm screen. Effect of cyclone control-valve on the pulverizer’s overall efficiency was also investigated by allowing it to operate when the valve was completely closed, partially closed and fully opened. It was observed that the control-valve’s positions significantly influenced the machine’s performance/efficiency. It can thus be inferred that the position of cyclone control-valve has significant effect on a pulverizer’s efficiency/performance. Hence, leaving control-valve fully opened during operation would help a pulverizer perform with optimum efficiency, as the pulverizer was able to convey material, efficiently in that position, to the next processing stage during performance evaluation.

Impact of Online Teaching on Students’ Education and Health in India during Pandemic of COVID-19

Background:: India is facing with pandemic of ‘Coronavirus disease -2019’ (COVID-19). In the absence of proper medicine and vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19, the Government of India has imposed the country lockdown from 25 March 2020 to avoid chain /community transmission of coronavirus in human. Consequently, the educational institutes were also closed during the lockdown period and traditional class room teaching switched to online teaching in India to compensate the educational losses. Aims:: This article aims to measure the impact of online teaching on education as well as the health of the students. Methodology:: The online survey was conducted among the students to measure the impact of online teaching in their education and health. There are 792 valid responses obtained from the survey. Result:: According to survey, the online teaching was equally important in all segment of education during the period of pandemic but about 30 % students are not satisfied with the delivery of content through online teaching. The students below 14 years were getting addicted with mobiles and laptop and consequently they suffers with mental sickness and eyes problem due to screen effect. Conclusion:: Online teaching has played a vital role during the pandemic but its consequences can not be ignored. The online classes can not be accessed by each student due to unavailability of smart phones, laptop and mobiles network to especially poor families and remote areas. This creates the discrimination among the students of poor and rich or urban and rural. The students below 14 years are not aware about screen effect and get addicted with mobile causes mental and eyes problems. Thus, online teaching can not take the position of traditional class room teaching for long time and we will need to back the traditional teaching after pandemic or possible situation and environment.

The Fragmented Frame 2

In this central chapter in Part II of the book, the aesthetic of the fragment is analyzed in its purest form: the split-screen image. The split-screen image crosses mise en scène, montage, and narrative relational systems. While Hitchcock did not use a split-screen effect in his work, the chapter analyzes several Hitchcockian sequences as split-screen compositions. The split-screen effect is intensified in the cinema of Argento, Lucio Fulci, and De Palma, materializing in these works as a literal rent within the frame. The chapter presents close formal analyses of Shadow of a Doubt, Vertigo, Psycho, Marnie, Argento’s Four Flies on Grey Velvet, Fulci’s Don’t Torture a Duckling, and De Palma’s Sisters, Obsession, Dressed to Kill, and Blow Out.The aesthetic of the fragment is further read through De Palma’s intensification of the split-screen effect, culminating in the abstraction of space and time in the split diopter lens composition.

Photophysical and photochemical insights into the photodegradation of tricyclazole and pymetrozine in water bodies of a rice field

Environmental contextPhotodegradation, a natural process for removing pesticides from water, is particularly important in rice fields with their large surface area and sunlight exposure. By studying two commonly used pesticides, we show that the properties of rice field water, such as dissolved organic matter, facilitate indirect photolytic processes while reducing direct photolysis. A better understanding of the natural degradation mechanisms for pesticides will inform their safer use in agriculture. AbstractRice paddy fields (RFs) make ecologically important contributions to agricultural wetland ecosystems in south China. In recent years, the elevated use of pesticides has resulted in concerns over the water quality in RFs and their downstream aquatic environment. Photodegradation is important for the natural elimination of nonpoint source agricultural contaminants, and RF water provides an ideal environment for the photochemical removal of pesticides, owing to its large surface area and photic conditions. Therefore, in this study, the physical and photochemical properties of water collected from the irrigation area were investigated, along with the direct and indirect photodegradation of two commonly used pesticides in RFs, tricyclazole (TC) and pymetrozine (PYM). Results indicated that allochthonous-like dissolved organic matter (DOM) was abundant in the irrigation water, possibly originating from the decomposition of rice straw. Moreover, the light screen effect and the formation rate of singlet oxygen (1O2) and the triplet excited state of DOM (3DOM*) were generally increased in RF water, while the formation of HO• was marginally reduced. Evapoconcentration and photobleaching processes were found to correlate with crop leaf coverage and had a significant impact on the levels and compositions of water constituents. Finally, the photodegradation kinetics of TC and PYM further confirmed that RF water would facilitate indirect photolysis and reduce the direct photolysis of pesticides.

Growing semiconductor structures for high-performance solar cells in open space

Practical space activities of the country in near-Earth space and in deep space have been developing for more than fifty years. During this time, many new scientific and technical problems were solved, the latest technologies were developed and mastered. This article describes the prerequisites for conducting an experiment on growing semiconductor structures for highly efficient solar cells in the conditions of orbital flight of an international space station. The advantages of carrying out the process in a deep vacuum formed as a result of the manifestation of the molecular screen effect are shown to obtain new thin-film materials with unique properties. A ground-based simulator of a space module and a working molecular screen prototype are described. The features of the preliminary design of a universal automated installation of molecular beam epitaxy in space are discussed. The rationale for the economic efficiency of space technology based on the absence of the need for expensive ultrahigh vacuum pumping facilities, cryogenic equipment and vacuum volumes containing a large amount of stainless steel is given. The experience of three orbital flights of the American Shuttle spacecraft is analyzed, confirming the economic feasibility of projects related to the production of semiconductor heterostructures in space flight conditions.

Problems of natural lighting for deepened buildings and underground premises under screen effect of high-rise construction

The main rationale and objective of the submitted research work is to create a quality lighting environment in the premises of deepened buildings and below-ground structures under screen effect of high-rise construction (high-rise buildings). It is noted, that in modern megapolises, a deficiency of vacant urban territories leads to the increased density of urban development with increased amount of high-rise construction and tendency to increase efficiency in the use of underground space. The natural lighting of premises in underground buildings and structures is the most efficient way, but it can be implemented only under use of roof lighting system in the form of roof monitors or skylights. In this case the levels of indoor natural lighting will be affected with serious screening effect of high-rise buildings in surrounding development. Such an situation is not regulated, or even considered by the contemporary building Codes and Regulations on natural lighting of interiors. The authors offered a new formula for a daylight factor calculation with roof lighting system in the described cases. The results of theoretical calculations and experimental studies showed very similar values. This proved the truth of the offered formula and elaborated method of calculation on the basis of an offered hypothesis. It prooves, that it is possible to use some factor and guide points in the daylight factors design under system of side natural lighting in the same design for a system of roof lighting.