scholarly journals A PROCEDURE FOR THE ANALYSIS AMD DESIGN OF CONCRETE ARMOR UNITS

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
W.F. Baird ◽  
J.S. Readshaw ◽  
R.D. Scott ◽  
D.J. Turcke
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Interaction Curves ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters ◽  
Hydraulic Stability

A rational approach to the design of rubble mound breakwaters that incorporates both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity of individual concrete armor units is presented. A key element of this improved design procedure is the development of instrumentation to measure loads occurring on armor units in a physical model of a breakwater. Numerical methods have been employed to determine stresses throughout the armor unit once the loads are known and interaction design curves were developed from measured data. These interaction curves provide a useful assessment of the structural integrity of the armor units. The curves clearly demonstrate the overall factor of safety associated with the armor unit and the expected mode of failure. Based on the results of this type of analysis, the cost effectiveness and safety associated with different design alternatives may be explored and a breakwater that is both hydraulically and structurally efficient may be designed.

scholarly journals ARMOUR UNIT STRUCTURAL RESPONSE - A PARAMETRIC STUDY

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
C. David Anglin ◽  
William F. Baird ◽  
Etienne P.D. Mansard ◽  
R. Douglas Scott ◽  
David J. Turcke
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
Hydraulic Stability

There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the nature and magnitude of loads acting on armour units used for the protection of rubblemound coastal structures. Thus, a comprehensive design procedure incorporating both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity of the armour units does not exist. This paper presents the results of a detailed parametric study of the structural response of armour units to wave-induced loading in a physical breakwater model. The effect of the following design parameters is investigated: breakwater slope, armour unit location, wave period and wave height. This research has made a number of significant contributions towards the development of a comprehensive design procedure for concrete armour units. It has identified a linear relationship between the wave-induced stress in the armour units and the incident wave height. In addition, it has shown that the conditional probability of waveinduced stress given wave height can be estimated by a log-normal distribution. Finally, a preliminary design chart has been developed which incorporates both the structural integrity and the hydraulic stability of the armour units.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR CONCRETE ARMOUR UNITS

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Hall ◽  
W.F. Baird ◽  
D.J. Turcke
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Resultant Stress ◽  
Hydraulic Stability

A rational design procedure for rubblemound breakwater protection which will ensure both the structural integrity and hydraulic stability of individual concrete armour units and the overall armour system is presented. The procedure involves new experimental techniques for measuring strains in model concrete armour units in a hydraulic model of a breakwater subjected to simulated prototype wave attack and analytical techniques for determining equivalent prototype loads on units. Selected design loads are used to define the resultant stress distribution to allow the designer to take the necessary measures to ensure the structural performance of the unit in a breakwater environment•

scholarly journals A UNIQUE INSTRUMENTATION SCHEME FOR MEASURING LOADS IN MODEL DOLOS UNITS

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Scott ◽  
D.J. Turcke ◽  
W.F. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Unit Load ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Static Point ◽  
Hydraulic Stability

An instrumentation scheme for the measurement of the structural response of dolos units in a physical model due to static and quasistatic forces is presented. This was achieved by the development of a specialized armour unit "load cell". The load cell was tested under a variety of loading conditions ranging from static point loads to the complex forces arising from simulated prototype wave action. In the final stage of testing, a model breakwater was constructed and analyzed. The results of these tests demonstrated the accuracy of the developed instrumentation and the feasibility of its use for measurements conducted in physical models. Knowledge of the structural response of armour units in the breakwater environment may be incorporated into an improved overall design procedure for armour units that considers both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity of the individual units.

Optimally Sensitive and Efficient Compact Loudspeakers for Low Audio Frequencies

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Criterion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Force Factor ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Limited Frequency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Conventionally, the ultimate goal in loudspeaker design has been to obtain a flat frequency response over a specified frequency range. This can be achieved by carefully selecting the main loudspeaker parameters such as the enclosure volume, the cone diameter, the moving mass and the very crucial “force factor”. For loudspeakers in small cabinets the results of this design procedure appear to be quite inefficient, especially at low frequencies. This paper describes a new solution to this problem. It consists of the combination of a highly non-linear preprocessing of the audio signal and the use of a so called low-force-factor loudspeaker. This combination yields a strongly increased efficiency, at least over a limited frequency range, at the cost of a somewhat altered sound quality. An analytically tractable optimality criterion has been defined and has been verified by the design of an experimental loudspeaker. This has a much higher efficiency and a higher sensitivity than current low-frequency loudspeakers, while its cabinet can be much smaller.

Evaluating Design Alternatives of an Extruded Food Production Line Using Simulation

SIMULATION ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Owens ◽  
Reuven R. Levary
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Food Production ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Line Design

Several designs of a manufacturing line for the production of extruded foods were developed and compared with the current production line design. The manufacturing line consisted of six unit operations: batching, grinding, extruding, drying, further processing, and packing. The authors performed the comparisons by simulating the current design and the proposed alternatives. The alternatives consisted of modifications to the extruder-dryer and/or packing line designs. The simulation results indicated that all the alternate designs roughly doubled system throughput compared to current designs but did not differ significantly in performance among themselves. The doubled output is worth about $2.5 million per year. This is easily enough to justify the cost of new equipment. One design would cost less to implement than the others and thus was the preferred option.

Improved Design of Vertical Curves with Sight Distance Profiles

2003 ◽  
Vol 1851 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Improved Design

Design of vertical alignment is one of the main tasks in highway geometric design. This task requires, among other things, that the designer ensure drivers always have a clear view of the road so they can stop before hitting an unexpected object in the road. Therefore, the ability to determine the required and available stopping sight distance (SSD) at any point of the vertical alignment is essential for the design process. Current design guides in the United States and Canada provide simple analytical models for determining the minimum length of a vertical curve that would satisfy the sight distance requirement. However, these models ignore the effect of grade on the required SSD. Alternative approaches and models have also been suggested but cover only special cases of vertical curves. Two specific models were expanded to determine the required SSD on crest and sag vertical curves. By comparing profiles of available SSD and required SSD on examples of vertical curves, it was shown that current North American design practices might yield segments of the vertical curve where the driver’s view is constrained to a distance shorter than the required SSD. An alternative design procedure based on the models was developed and used to determine the minimum lengths of crest and sag vertical curves. Depending on the approach grade, these new values of minimum curve length might be greater than or less than values obtained through conventional design procedures. Design aids were therefore provided in tabular form for designers’ easy and quick use.

Subsea Production Layout: Design and Cost

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Hong ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Jiankun Yang ◽  
Yuri M. Berbert ◽  
Marcelo I. Lourenço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Hybrid Solution ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Water Field ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

The development of a subsea field implies a complex design procedure with very high costs involved. The combination of low oil price, harsh environment, very deep waters and high drilling costs has emphasized the need for new ideas to reduce both CAPEX and OPEX. The paper considers different subsea layout scenarios of a typical deep water field. Each scenario is optimized considering pipeline length, equipment cost and flow assurance. The software QUE$TOR is then applied to estimate the cost of each optimized scenario. Two of them are selected for further studies, FPSO connected to six slots subsea manifolds, and subsea separator connected to eight slots cluster manifolds with tie-back to an existing platform. The latter representing a hybrid solution based on the subsea-to-shore concept. Cost and technical feasibility are considered in order to evaluate the two scenarios.

An improved design procedure for hybrid stepper motors

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2535-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Jenkins ◽  
D. Howe ◽  
T.S. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Improved Design

An Improved Design Procedure for Grassed Waterways

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 0066-0068
Author(s):  
Kurt Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Improved Design

The Impact of Mesh Implantation on Vaginal Smooth Muscle Innervation and Contraction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegbeh C. Jallah ◽  
Pamela Moalli ◽  
Andrew Feola ◽  
William Barone ◽  
Stacy Palcsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Vaginal Canal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vaginal Smooth Muscle ◽  
The Impact

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the descent of the pelvic organs into the vaginal canal. This disorder is associated with decreased quality of life, and even depression, yet 50% of women over the age of fifty are living with POP. The cost associated with the repair of POP exceeds one billion dollars annually, in the United States alone. This rather exorbitant figure includes the cost of surgery performed for symptom management, but does not include strategies which address the underlying cause of the disorder for which there are none. Because failure rates of native tissue repairs are as high as 30%, vaginal mesh is increasingly used in the surgical repair of POP. The procedure aims to reinforce the fibromuscular layer of the vagina and the paravaginal attachments, thus providing structural integrity to the weakened native tissues. However, the use of mesh is limited by mesh-related complications including exposure, erosion, pain contraction and infection.

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