An improved design procedure for hybrid stepper motors

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2535-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Jenkins ◽  
D. Howe ◽  
T.S. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Improved Design

Improved Design of Vertical Curves with Sight Distance Profiles

2003 ◽  
Vol 1851 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Improved Design

Design of vertical alignment is one of the main tasks in highway geometric design. This task requires, among other things, that the designer ensure drivers always have a clear view of the road so they can stop before hitting an unexpected object in the road. Therefore, the ability to determine the required and available stopping sight distance (SSD) at any point of the vertical alignment is essential for the design process. Current design guides in the United States and Canada provide simple analytical models for determining the minimum length of a vertical curve that would satisfy the sight distance requirement. However, these models ignore the effect of grade on the required SSD. Alternative approaches and models have also been suggested but cover only special cases of vertical curves. Two specific models were expanded to determine the required SSD on crest and sag vertical curves. By comparing profiles of available SSD and required SSD on examples of vertical curves, it was shown that current North American design practices might yield segments of the vertical curve where the driver’s view is constrained to a distance shorter than the required SSD. An alternative design procedure based on the models was developed and used to determine the minimum lengths of crest and sag vertical curves. Depending on the approach grade, these new values of minimum curve length might be greater than or less than values obtained through conventional design procedures. Design aids were therefore provided in tabular form for designers’ easy and quick use.

An Improved Design Procedure for Grassed Waterways

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 0066-0068
Author(s):  
Kurt Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Improved Design

The Use of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Process Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Heat Exchanger Networks ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Optimum Solution

The importance of using the second law of thermodynamics in the design of heat exchangers, heat exchanger networks, and processes in general, is discussed. The optimal ΔT at a refrigerated heat exchanger is considered from a second law viewpoint. It is shown that the use of minimum total annualized cost as the single optimizing factor is unsatisfactory. Total annualized costs are based on predicted costs of fuel, equipment, and capital, which are uncertain at best. Instead of a singular or “global optimum” ΔT, there is a range of optimal ΔTs, over which the total annualized cost is essentially the same, but within which the distribution between cost of capital and cost of energy is significantly different. In selecting a design ΔT, this distribution of costs should also be considered. The possibility of only one singular, or global optimum, solution for complex processes is also considered from a philosophical viewpoint, and is again rejected. The existence and identification of design decisions which unnecessarily waste thermodynamic availability (physical exergy) are discussed and identified as “second law errors.” Elimination of a second law error from a design guarantees an improved design. An optimal design, which may be any one of a numerous set of optimal designs, will result when all second law errors are eliminated. A design procedure to develop optimal process designs, using such thermodynamic insights, is proposed.

scholarly journals A PROCEDURE FOR THE ANALYSIS AMD DESIGN OF CONCRETE ARMOR UNITS

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
W.F. Baird ◽  
J.S. Readshaw ◽  
R.D. Scott ◽  
D.J. Turcke
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Interaction Curves ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rubble Mound Breakwaters ◽  
Hydraulic Stability

A rational approach to the design of rubble mound breakwaters that incorporates both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity of individual concrete armor units is presented. A key element of this improved design procedure is the development of instrumentation to measure loads occurring on armor units in a physical model of a breakwater. Numerical methods have been employed to determine stresses throughout the armor unit once the loads are known and interaction design curves were developed from measured data. These interaction curves provide a useful assessment of the structural integrity of the armor units. The curves clearly demonstrate the overall factor of safety associated with the armor unit and the expected mode of failure. Based on the results of this type of analysis, the cost effectiveness and safety associated with different design alternatives may be explored and a breakwater that is both hydraulically and structurally efficient may be designed.

Improved design procedure for multiplierless FIR digital filters

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shaffeu ◽  
M.M. Jones ◽  
H.D. Griffiths ◽  
J.T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filters ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Fir Digital Filters ◽  
Improved Design
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