scholarly journals Do reindeer aggregate on snow patches to reduce harassment by parasitic flies or to thermoregulate?

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Anderson ◽  
Arne C. Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Trapping Period ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Trap Catches

During warm, sunny days (Max. temp. 22 °C to 25 °C) C02-baited traps operated at sites on and off snow patches (SP's) in subarctic Norway caught significantly fewer culicids, simuliids and tabanids on snow in both 1985 and 1987. However, for overnight catches (18.30 - 07.30 h) there was no significant difference in the number of culicids caught on versus off SP's. Analysis of videotapes taken in 1987 showed that defensive anti-fly behaviors of reindeer on and off SP's remained low (< 1/4 min) throughout the day. Based on reindeer anti-fly behaviors, harassment was greatest from 10.30 to 12.30 h (Norwegian Standard Time), but reindeer continued to aggregate on SP's while anti-fly behaviors were lowest (13.30 to 20.00 h). Groups of > 150 animals often occupied the entire surface of a snow patch. At the fly densities and climatic conditions encountered it seemed apparent that reindeer intermittently used SP's primarily to thermoregulate following periods of foraging. Almost all reindeer remained on SP's from 11.00 to 12.30 h, but at other times between 08.00 and 19 00 h about half the herd (ca. 800 animals) foraged for about an hour while the other half aggregated on SP's. However, by 20.00 h, during the cooler period when trap catches of mosquitoes were increasing, almost all reindeer had moved off SP's. The small decreases in anti-fly defensive behaviors observed for reindeer on SP's versus animals foraging in snow-free areas indicated that their presence on SP's may have resulted in a minor, coincidental reduction in harassment. Significantly more tabanids were caught during the morning trapping period than at other times, and significantly more mosquitoes were caught during the evening/overnight trapping period than at other times.

The composition and spatial distribution of scavenging hyperbenthos in the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Morton ◽  
Christine N.W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Baited traps with a 5 mm diameter opening were deployed 9 cm off the seabed in the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. In contrast to analogous studies from boreal waters, lysianassoids accounted for 0.5% of the total number of trapped hyperbenthos. Species of Tisbe (Copepoda: Tisbidae), Ceradocus (Gammaridea: Melitidae), Nebalia (Leptostraca: Nebaliacea), unidentified benthic ostracods, Neanthes cricognatha (Polychaeta: Nereidae) and a species of Lepidepecreum (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea) were caught in a decreasing order of numerical importance. A spatial segregation of trapped fauna was identified between the reserve's shallow Lobster Bay (<–2 m Chart Datum (CD)) and deeper-waters (between –6 and–17 m CD) outside it. Ceradocus sp. monopolized the trapped fauna in the former area, while the other species were caught almost exclusively from the latter. Insignificant Ceradocus sp. catch differences between baited and control traps suggested that they functioned only as ‘habitat traps’ for this species. Almost all other organisms attracted to the bait were hyperbenthic scavengers. Their absence from the shallows might be due to the coarser and lower organic contents of the sediments, also related to faster flow rates here. Finally, we confirm that in subtropical Hong Kong, lysianassid amphipods are not as significant hyperbenthic scavengers as they are in boreal waters.

Effects of the coastal brown ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), on the ant fauna of the Perth metropolitan region, Western Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. May ◽  
B. E. Heterick
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Apparent Displacement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

This paper reports on the apparent displacement of native and exotic ants from gardens in the Perth Metropolitan region by the coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)). Twelve gardens were sampled, four with P. megacephala present, and eight (the controls) where the ant was judged to be absent. Eight out of the 26 ant species recorded (including the coastal brown ant) were introduced. Ninety-two per cent of pitfall trap contents comprised the four most abundant species: P. megacephala, lridomyrmex chasei (Forel), Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith) and Paratrechina ?obscura (Mayr). Three of the four P. megacephala-dominated gardens were depauperate of almost all other ant species. The fourth P. megacephala-infested garden had a relatively small number of coastal brown ants (104), and the highest number of ant species was found in that garden. The removal of this outlier garden left an average range of one to three species for the other three P. megacephala-infested gardens. Control gardens had between five and 12 ant species. Total ant abundance ranged from an average of 1 027 per P. megacephala-infested garden (increasing to 1 171 if the outlier garden is removed) to 146 at control gardens. There was a significant difference both in ant richness and ant abundance between the controls and P. megacephala-infested gardens (P < 0.05). This remained the case when figures for coastal brown ants were excluded from calculations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) among hepatitis-B patients and others suspected for PT-hepatitis in Baghdad

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Ghassaq Tariq Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Shadow Zone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Minor

The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of HGV among three different categories, group1, composed of hepatitis –B patients (HB- patients), group 2, included people having hepatitis-like symptoms with sera negative for HBV and HCV markers, referred to as suspected for hepatitis (SUS-patients) while the third group is the control group. Serum samples were assayed for anti-HGV antibodies using ELISA technique-indirect method. Results revealed that HGV coinfection detected in only few number of HB-P 9.8%, 23.5% of HB-P having anti-HGV antibodies with titer lower than the cut-off value (COV) which are said to be in the shadow zone and the other 66.6% of the group are reported as negative cases, reporting a highly significant difference P˂0.001. Among the second group (SUS- patients), HGV was detected in only 4.8%, 58.5% detected as shadow cases while the other 36.5% were found to be negative for HGV.When both HB-P and SUS-P are gathered in one group a low percentage 7.6% of HGV infection was recorded, 39.1% of HB-/SUS-patients were in the shadow zone while the majority of this group 53.2% were detected as negative cases. In conclusion HGV play only a minor role as a confection agent with HBV and as a responsible agent among non-A-E hepatitis cases. Remarkable high percentages of shadow cases are reported in the three groups especially among non-A-E hepatitis patients.

COMPLEXITY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF THE CORONAVIRUS GENOME VERSUS GENOMES OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AND DENGUE VIRUS

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050129
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that has affected almost all around the world. The most crucial step in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 is to investigate about the coronavirus itself. In this research, for the first time, we analyze the complex structure of the coronavirus genome and compare it with the other two dangerous viruses, namely, dengue and HIV. For this purpose, we employ fractal theory, sample entropy, and approximate entropy to analyze the genome walk of coronavirus, dengue virus, and HIV. Based on the obtained results, the genome walk of coronavirus has greater complexity than the other two deadly viruses. The result of statistical analysis also showed the significant difference between the complexity of genome walks in case of all complexity measures. The result of this analysis opens new doors to scientists to consider the complexity of a virus genome as an index to investigate its danger for human life.

scholarly journals G ´ E Interaction for Growth, Yield and Quality Characters of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) under Bangladesh Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
M. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
M. Abdul Khaleque Mian ◽  
M. Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Almost All

A multi location trial with five promising strawberry genotypes viz., Sweet Charlie, Festival, Camarosa, FA 008 and BARI Strawberry-1 was conducted under different sub tropical climatic conditions of Bangladesh to study their G ´ E interaction. Location were Gazipur, Rajshahi and Chittagong during the period from August 2009 to May 2011. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant variation among the genotypes as well as location for almost all the characters studied. Genotype ´ environment studies indicated different response of genotypes over locations for most of the characters suggesting location wise environmental variation. Stability parameter revealed that a particular genotype did not perform consistently for all the characters. The genotype Festival considered as stable for most of the characters except days to flowering and ascorbic acid content of fruits, and considered as stable over different locations. For this reason, the genotype ‘Festival’ could be well thought-out and less receptive to the environmental conditions and might be recommended for all environments. On the other hand, environmental indices indicated that the environment of Rajshahi was found to be most favourable for strawberry cultivation followed by that of Gazipur and Chittagong.

scholarly journals Trapping Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Other Beetles in Flourmills: Evaluating Fumigation Efficacy and Estimating Population Density

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Carl W. Doud ◽  
Gerrit W. Cuperus ◽  
Phillip Kenkel ◽  
Mark E. Payton ◽  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

This paper reports beetle pests common to flourmills targeted during a series of trapping studies over a two-year period in flourmill 1 and a one year period in flourmill 2. Objectives were (1) use pheromone-baited traps to detect T. castaneum (Herbst) and other pest species present for their distribution over space and time, (2) monitor T. castaneum activity before and after fumigations to assess efficacy of the treatment, and (3) correlate counts of T. castaneum via trap capture against direct T. castaneum counts from samples of the milled flour to assess the value of trap data to estimate relative size of the pest population. Traps were deployed in two different flourmills over two consecutive years. T. castaneum was the most commonly trapped beetle during both years in mill 1. In mill 2, Typhaea stercorea (L.) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) were both captured in higher numbers than T. castaneum. In mill 1, trap capture was higher overall during Year 2 for most of the species compared with capture during Year 1, likely due to a dust cover modification made for the pitfall trap used in Year 2. Trap capture was also evaluated by location within the mills and a significant difference was found in the capture of T. stercorea during both years in mill 1. T. castaneum captures were significantly reduced following most fumigations, which used methyl bromide in milling areas and phosphine in bulk-stored finished flour. However, in most cases trap catches showed that beetle populations were not eliminated. Trap captures after fumigation suggest either that the fumigations were not entirely effective, or that full grown adult beetles were entering the mill soon after fumigation. When captures of T. castaneum from traps in two spaces of mill 1 during Year 2 were compared with counts of beetles from samples of siftings collected in the finished flour, the correlation coefficients were nearly significant for both sets of traps.

scholarly journals Gender Role in Global Personal Self-Esteem and Narcissism among Nepalese School Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Dasarath Neupane ◽  
Tatwa Timsina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

  Introduction: Global personal self-esteem and narcissism with reference to gender role among school adolescents was studied in Kathmandu. The general aim of this research was to explore the correlation in global personal self-esteem and narcissism with response to gender among Nepalese school adolescents.Methodology: The study was correlational in design employing a pen-and-paper self-report survey. Within the survey, instruments (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 1979 / RSES and Narcissistic Personality Inventory 1981/ NPI) measured the global personal self-esteem and narcissism. Participants were drawn from thirty (fifteen public and fifteen private) schools of Kathmandu. These schools were chosen in random selection. The number of participations was 936 school students.Results: The study investigated the prevalence of global personal self-esteem in the school with reference to gender. The result from the survey indicates that there is no significant difference between self-esteem and gender. On the other hand, girls are reported slightly higher narcissistic behaviour than boys.Conclusion: Self-esteem is how people feel about themselves generally. This study explored the prevalence rates of global personal self-esteem with reference to gender. It showed that there is no significant correlation between them. On the other hand, narcissism is a psychological condition defined as a total obsession with self, to the exclusion of almost all other interaction with people. The present study explored the prevalence rates of narcissism with reference to gender. It showed that girls reported slightly higher narcissistic behaviour than boys’ which contradicts the previous findings. Why it is found so in the Nepalese context is left for further research.

THE EFFECT OF LOCATION ON NATURAL SELECTION IN BULK POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.). I. SIMPLY INHERITED TRAITS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. CHOO ◽  
H. R. KLINCK ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All

The effect of location on natural selection was investigated by studying the changes in phenotypic composition of six simply inherited traits. Seventeen F15 unselected bulk populations were derived from a single cross of barley. Fifteen of the bulks were alternated between Macdonald College and La Pocatière either annually or after 2–8 yr at one location; one of the remaining two bulks was grown continuously at Macdonald College and the other at La Pocatière. By F15, almost all populations had shifted toward plants with rough awns, yellow aleurone, short-haired rachillas, hairy rachis, or a dense spike. The V-shaped collar type predominated in these populations. The propagation environments had a significant effect on the rates of change in phenotypic composition of the six simply inherited traits in these barley bulk populations. However, the frequency of alternating populations between the two locations appeared to have only a minor influence on the rates of change in phenotypic composition of these traits.

scholarly journals Performance of Some Bivoltine Silkworm,Bombyx mori L. Hybrids during Summer

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Naveena Nazim ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Bhat ◽  
M. F. Baqual ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad Mir
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Pupation Rate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Disease Free

Aim: The present study was aimed to find out the robust hybrid during summer season under temperate climatic conditions. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: College of Temperate Sericulture (CoTS) Mirgund, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), in the year 2014. Methodology: The disease free layings (dfl’s) of the selected hybrids viz., SK31× SK13, SK6 × SK13 and CSR18× CSR19 were obtained from the Germplasm Bank maintained at College of Temperate Sericulture (CoTS) Mirgund, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, of Kashmir (SKUAST-K). Thesedfl’s were incubated, brushed and reared up to 3rd instar en masse following the standard rearing procedure. Just after 3rdmoult, 3 replications of 100 larvae in each treatment were maintained. Cocoon and post cocoon parameters viz, pupation rate, single cocoon weight, single shell weight, shell ratio, raw silk, denier and leaf cocoon ratio were calculated and recorded during the course of experimentation. Results: No significant difference was recorded in pupation rate among the hybrids. H1 hybrid was found significantly superior over H2 and H3 for single cocoon and shell weight with mean value as 1.957 and 0.406 respectively. On the other hand influence of hybrids over shell ratio remained non significant. The performance of silkworm hybrids with respect to raw silk was recorded higher in H1 (17.98%) followed by H2 (17.96%) and H3 (17.93%), while the fine denier of 2.86 d was reported in H3 followed by H1 (2.94d) and H2 (3.01d). Leaf cocoon ratio was recorded lower in H1with mean value as 15.16 /100 dfl’s. Conclusion: Significant differences among the hybrids were observed, but no hybrid performed better in all traits studied, however in maximum traits SK31× SK13, seems to be superior to the other two studied hybrids.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

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