THE EFFECT OF LOCATION ON NATURAL SELECTION IN BULK POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.). I. SIMPLY INHERITED TRAITS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. CHOO ◽  
H. R. KLINCK ◽  
C. A. ST-PIERRE
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All

The effect of location on natural selection was investigated by studying the changes in phenotypic composition of six simply inherited traits. Seventeen F15 unselected bulk populations were derived from a single cross of barley. Fifteen of the bulks were alternated between Macdonald College and La Pocatière either annually or after 2–8 yr at one location; one of the remaining two bulks was grown continuously at Macdonald College and the other at La Pocatière. By F15, almost all populations had shifted toward plants with rough awns, yellow aleurone, short-haired rachillas, hairy rachis, or a dense spike. The V-shaped collar type predominated in these populations. The propagation environments had a significant effect on the rates of change in phenotypic composition of the six simply inherited traits in these barley bulk populations. However, the frequency of alternating populations between the two locations appeared to have only a minor influence on the rates of change in phenotypic composition of these traits.

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF GENES IN DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATIONS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
E. Reinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Number Of Genes

It was shown that the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative character in a single cross can be estimated by dividing the square of the deviation of the most extreme doubled haploid from the sample mean by the genotypic variance of doubled haploids. The number of segregating genes was estimated for three characters in four crosses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It was found that the number of segregating genes for grain yield, heading date, and plant height ranged from 5 to 11, 6 to 9, and 4 to 13, respectively.

scholarly journals Scale Effects on Quasi-Steady Solid Rocket Internal Ballistic Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Greatrix
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Erosive Burning ◽  
Internal Ballistics ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Experimental Firing ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Component Models

The ability to predict with some accuracy a given solid rocket motor’s performance before undertaking one or several costly experimental test firings is important. On the numerical prediction side, as various component models evolve, their incorporation into an overall internal ballistics simulation program allows for new motor firing simulations to take place, which in turn allows for updated comparisons to experimental firing data. In the present investigation, utilizing an updated simulation program, the focus is on quasi-steady performance analysis and scale effects (influence of motor size). The predicted effects of negative/positive erosive burning and propellant/casing deflection, as tied to motor size, on a reference cylindrical-grain motor’s internal ballistics, are included in this evaluation. Propellant deflection has only a minor influence on the reference motor’s internal ballistics, regardless of motor size. Erosive burning, on the other hand, is distinctly affected by motor scale.

COMPARISON OF SORGHUM WITH WHEAT AND BARLEY GROWN ON DRYLAND

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench ’Pride P130’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’) were harvested at 1-wk intervals on dryland at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1976 and 1977 and separated into leaves, stems, heads, and seed. Whole-plant yields were higher in 1976 than in 1977 and sorghum whole-plant yields were higher than barley or wheat in both years. Sorghum grain yields were similar to those of barley, but were greater than those of wheat. Although sorghum is about 40 days later maturing than barley or wheat, its whole-plant and filling-period durations were not very different from the other two crops. Sorghum used water more efficiently than wheat or barley under drought conditions. The biggest disadvantage of present sorghum hybrids appears to be slow growth in spring.

scholarly journals Scale Effects on Quasi-Steady Solid Rocket Internal Ballistic Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Greatrix
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Erosive Burning ◽  
Internal Ballistics ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Experimental Firing ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Component Models

The ability to predict with some accuracy a given solid rocket motor’s performance before undertaking one or several costly experimental test firings is important. On the numerical prediction side, as various component models evolve, their incorporation into an overall internal ballistics simulation program allows for new motor firing simulations to take place, which in turn allows for updated comparisons to experimental firing data. In the present investigation, utilizing an updated simulation program, the focus is on quasi-steady performance analysis and scale effects (influence of motor size). The predicted effects of negative/positive erosive burning and propellant/casing deflection, as tied to motor size, on a reference cylindrical-grain motor’s internal ballistics, are included in this evaluation. Propellant deflection has only a minor influence on the reference motor’s internal ballistics, regardless of motor size. Erosive burning, on the other hand, is distinctly affected by motor scale.

Identification and potential enzyme capacity of flavobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Efsen Johansen ◽  
Preben Nielsen ◽  
Svend Jørgen Binnerup
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Partial Sequencing

The diversity of 99 flavobacterium-like isolates from a barley rhizosphere is described. They were identified on 1/10 strength tryptic soy agar by their yellowish colour and a flexirubin reaction after exposure to 10% KOH.16S rDNA partial sequencing identified the majority (70%) of isolates as Flavobacterium . Twelve percent of the isolates belonged to other genera in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Finally 17% of the isolates did not belong to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Most of the Flavobacterium isolates were affiliated to various aquatic, validly named species and likely represent a bulk of undescribed soil Flavobacterium species found in especially high numbers in the rhizosphere of young plant roots. Most Flavobacterium isolates showed gliding motility on CY agar and VY/2 agar, whereas none of the other isolates shared this feature. A high percentage of Flavobacterium strains produced enzymes involved in polysaccharide and protein digestion as well as extracellular phosphatases, compared with strains related to other genera in the phylum Bacteroidetes.

scholarly journals Long-Term Variability of Precipitation form in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in Relation to Atmospheric Circulation (1979–2009)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Łupikasza
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solid Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Minor Influence ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

Abstract The paper discusses the impact of the atmospheric circulation on the long-term variability of liquid, mixed and solid precipitation. The three precipitation forms were characterised by their totals, the number of days when they prevailed, and the contribution of each to the overall precipitation totals. Trends, as a background to further analysis, were calculated with regard to each characteristic of each precipitation form. The most significant increases were recorded in the contribution of liquid precipitation to the overall precipitation totals in September and in the mixed precipitation totals in December and November. Arctic Oscillation (AO) was found to have only a minor influence on the long-term variability of precipitation characteristics. The AO phase could to some degree account for the observed variation in the number of days with liquid precipitation. On the other hand, the direction of the local advection could account for considerably more of this variability and also the variability in liquid precipitation totals.

Agronomic response to seeding rate of two- and six-rowed barley cultivars in central Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Responses

Little information is available on the response of two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to seeding rate in central Alberta. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of seeding rates of 129–344 seeds m−2 (50–140 kg ha−1) on the agronomic response of two- and six-rowed barley grown in central Alberta. Grain yields of 5.8–6.1 t ha−1 were not affected by seeding rates in 1990 and 1991 at Lacombe. As seeding rates increased in 1992, grain yields at Lacombe increased from 6.4 to 7.8 t ha−1; at Olds, from 3.5 to 4.0 t ha−1; and at Botha for the 129 seeds m−2 treatment, yields were only 5.5 t ha−1, compared with 5.8 to 6.0 t ha−1 for the other treatments. Effects of seeding rate on test and kernel weights varied between location–years. Tiller numbers m−2 were found to increase at higher seeding rates for the two-rowed cultivars, Abee and Harrington, while for the six-rowed cultivars, Noble and Virden, these numbers remained constant. Node numbers spike−1 decreased with higher seeding rates for both two- and six-rowed cultivars. There was little effect of seeding rate on kernel number spike−1 for the two-rowed cultivars, while for the six-rowed cultivars this number decreased. Although the two- and six-rowed cultivars differed in their partitioning of yield and the effects of seeding rates on these components, their yield responses to seeding rate did not differ. Recommended seeding rates for barley in central Alberta should be above 129 seeds m−2 (50 kg ha−1). To maintain high kernel and test weights, seeding rates for barley grown in central Alberta for malt quality should range from 172 to 258 seeds m−2. When conditions warrant accelerated development, seeding rates of 300 or more seeds m−2 should be used. Key words:Hordeum vulgare, management, yield components

Effects of environment and cultivar on total mixed-linkage β-glucan content in eastern and western Canadian barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
D. Kong ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
The Mean

Two-row and six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, originating from eastern and western Canada were grown in six environments across Canada. The grain was studied for the effects of environment and cultivar on the total mixed-linkage β-glucan content (TBG, g hg−1 DM). Environment significantly affected TBG content in barley. TBG content differed among the 32 eastern or 43 western Canadian cultivars but the mean TBG for the eastern cultivars was not different from the mean of western cultivars. All eastern cultivars were hulled-feed types, and their TBG ranged from 3.31 in Micmac to 4.09 in Birka for two-row barleys, and from 3.78 in OAC Kippen to 4.41 in Maskot for six-row barleys. Western hulled cultivars which included feed and malt types, contained TBG ranging from 3.37 in Manley to 4.14 in Betzes for two-row barleys, and from 3.71 in Heartland to 4.42 in Tankard for six-row barleys. The two-row hulless cultivar, Condor, contained more TBG (4.69) than the other two hulless cultivars, CDC Richard (3.91) and Scout (3.85). The six-row hulless cultivars, CDC Buck and Tupper, were equal in TBG (4.35). The mean TBG was lower for the two- than six-row barleys (3.7 vs. 4.0), and a broader range for TBG in the two- (3.31–4.55) than six-row barleys (3.71–4.42) suggesed the greater possibility of producing low and high TBG barleys from the two-row cultivars. Canadian cultivars contained between 3.31 and 4.55 g TBG hg−1 DM, and there is a need to develop feed-type barleys containing a third less than the minimum TBG, and food-type barleys containing a third more than the maximum TBG. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare cultivars, β-glucan

DEVELOPMENT OF CYTOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES DURING GERMINATION OF DIFFERENT BARLEYS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. BALLANCE ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity

The development of three cytolytic enzyme activities was assessed at sequential stages of germination for water-steeped and also gibberellic acid-treated samples of six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. The cytolytic enzymes were barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase, endo-β 1,4-glucanase and endo-β 1,3-glucanase. Significant differences in the activity development profiles of the three enzymes were noted. Differences between cultivars were quite apparent for the barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activities but not for the other two activities. Gibberellic acid enhanced the barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity within cultivars to varying degrees, slightly increased endo-β 1,3-glucanase activity and had no effect on endo-β 1,4-glucanase activities.

scholarly journals Influence of potassium on growth, content of mineral nutrients and yield formation of the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Josef Zehnálek ◽  
Vojtěch Adam ◽  
René Kizek
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield Formation

In model experiment, an influence of increasing KCl doses on spring barley growth, accumulation of main mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in main stalks, offshoots and roots and on yield formation and its structure was observed. Increase of weight of above-ground parts of plants was inhibited only at the beginning of experiment by increasing KCl doses, particularly, significantly lower growth of offshoots, but on the other hand production of dry weight of roots was negatively influenced during whole cultivation. Accumulation of main mineral nutrients in the plants was mostly influenced at potassium. Uptake of potassium by plant increased up to 37%. Yield of kernels was higher at variants with application of KCl but the correlation between higher K doses and the yield increase has not been statistically proved. Increase in the yield was reached by higher number of offshoots, higher number of kernels and higher weight of kernels in comparison with control. Content of main mineral nutrients in kernel was not influenced by application of KCl, but potassium content in straw was significantly increased.

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