Effects of the coastal brown ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), on the ant fauna of the Perth metropolitan region, Western Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. May ◽  
B. E. Heterick
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Apparent Displacement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

This paper reports on the apparent displacement of native and exotic ants from gardens in the Perth Metropolitan region by the coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)). Twelve gardens were sampled, four with P. megacephala present, and eight (the controls) where the ant was judged to be absent. Eight out of the 26 ant species recorded (including the coastal brown ant) were introduced. Ninety-two per cent of pitfall trap contents comprised the four most abundant species: P. megacephala, lridomyrmex chasei (Forel), Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith) and Paratrechina ?obscura (Mayr). Three of the four P. megacephala-dominated gardens were depauperate of almost all other ant species. The fourth P. megacephala-infested garden had a relatively small number of coastal brown ants (104), and the highest number of ant species was found in that garden. The removal of this outlier garden left an average range of one to three species for the other three P. megacephala-infested gardens. Control gardens had between five and 12 ant species. Total ant abundance ranged from an average of 1 027 per P. megacephala-infested garden (increasing to 1 171 if the outlier garden is removed) to 146 at control gardens. There was a significant difference both in ant richness and ant abundance between the controls and P. megacephala-infested gardens (P < 0.05). This remained the case when figures for coastal brown ants were excluded from calculations.

COMPLEXITY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF THE CORONAVIRUS GENOME VERSUS GENOMES OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AND DENGUE VIRUS

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050129
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that has affected almost all around the world. The most crucial step in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 is to investigate about the coronavirus itself. In this research, for the first time, we analyze the complex structure of the coronavirus genome and compare it with the other two dangerous viruses, namely, dengue and HIV. For this purpose, we employ fractal theory, sample entropy, and approximate entropy to analyze the genome walk of coronavirus, dengue virus, and HIV. Based on the obtained results, the genome walk of coronavirus has greater complexity than the other two deadly viruses. The result of statistical analysis also showed the significant difference between the complexity of genome walks in case of all complexity measures. The result of this analysis opens new doors to scientists to consider the complexity of a virus genome as an index to investigate its danger for human life.

scholarly journals Impact of deforestation on earthworm populations in Guyana's rainforests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pristine Forest ◽  
Earthworm Populations

Changes to the landscape of tropical rainforests are potential instigators in population changes experienced by earthworms, which are integral biological components of almost all terrestrial ecosystems. A comparative analysis of earthworm populations was done in the rainforests of Guyana to investigate the impact of deforestation on earthworm populations. Earthworms were sampled in pristine forest sites and deforested sites, which yielded 31 species belonging to 10 families. Deforested sites suffered significantly from low abundance, density, diversity and richness. The population data among the two types of sites were all of statistical significant difference, with the exception of epigeic abundance. Earthworm abundance and richness were found to be significantly negatively correlated to deforestation. Anecic ecotype were the most affected as none were recorded in deforested sites while P. corethrurus was found to be the most abundant species in the deforested sites.

scholarly journals Gender Role in Global Personal Self-Esteem and Narcissism among Nepalese School Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Dasarath Neupane ◽  
Tatwa Timsina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

  Introduction: Global personal self-esteem and narcissism with reference to gender role among school adolescents was studied in Kathmandu. The general aim of this research was to explore the correlation in global personal self-esteem and narcissism with response to gender among Nepalese school adolescents.Methodology: The study was correlational in design employing a pen-and-paper self-report survey. Within the survey, instruments (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 1979 / RSES and Narcissistic Personality Inventory 1981/ NPI) measured the global personal self-esteem and narcissism. Participants were drawn from thirty (fifteen public and fifteen private) schools of Kathmandu. These schools were chosen in random selection. The number of participations was 936 school students.Results: The study investigated the prevalence of global personal self-esteem in the school with reference to gender. The result from the survey indicates that there is no significant difference between self-esteem and gender. On the other hand, girls are reported slightly higher narcissistic behaviour than boys.Conclusion: Self-esteem is how people feel about themselves generally. This study explored the prevalence rates of global personal self-esteem with reference to gender. It showed that there is no significant correlation between them. On the other hand, narcissism is a psychological condition defined as a total obsession with self, to the exclusion of almost all other interaction with people. The present study explored the prevalence rates of narcissism with reference to gender. It showed that girls reported slightly higher narcissistic behaviour than boys’ which contradicts the previous findings. Why it is found so in the Nepalese context is left for further research.

Exit left: the case of Australian state Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Manwaring
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Australian State ◽  
The Face ◽  
Almost All

This chapter evaluates the case of Australian state (Labor) governments. It outlines four distinctive state Labor governments in Australia in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia. In all cases, Labor held office for a relatively sustained period of time, before eventually losing. These state Labor governments offered a distinctive approach to governance that reshaped and renewed the trajectory of social democracy, especially in the face of neoliberal economic settings. Yet, in almost all these cases, these Labor governments were ejected from office. However, in contrast to some of the other cases in this volume, Labor has regained power in many of the state jurisdictions. So, while the Labor model of ‘strategic government’ might have passed, there might be further lessons here about how Labor can regain power.

scholarly journals Do reindeer aggregate on snow patches to reduce harassment by parasitic flies or to thermoregulate?

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Anderson ◽  
Arne C. Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Trapping Period ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Trap Catches

During warm, sunny days (Max. temp. 22 &deg;C to 25 &deg;C) C02-baited traps operated at sites on and off snow patches (SP's) in subarctic Norway caught significantly fewer culicids, simuliids and tabanids on snow in both 1985 and 1987. However, for overnight catches (18.30 - 07.30 h) there was no significant difference in the number of culicids caught on versus off SP's. Analysis of videotapes taken in 1987 showed that defensive anti-fly behaviors of reindeer on and off SP's remained low (&lt; 1/4 min) throughout the day. Based on reindeer anti-fly behaviors, harassment was greatest from 10.30 to 12.30 h (Norwegian Standard Time), but reindeer continued to aggregate on SP's while anti-fly behaviors were lowest (13.30 to 20.00 h). Groups of &gt; 150 animals often occupied the entire surface of a snow patch. At the fly densities and climatic conditions encountered it seemed apparent that reindeer intermittently used SP's primarily to thermoregulate following periods of foraging. Almost all reindeer remained on SP's from 11.00 to 12.30 h, but at other times between 08.00 and 19 00 h about half the herd (ca. 800 animals) foraged for about an hour while the other half aggregated on SP's. However, by 20.00 h, during the cooler period when trap catches of mosquitoes were increasing, almost all reindeer had moved off SP's. The small decreases in anti-fly defensive behaviors observed for reindeer on SP's versus animals foraging in snow-free areas indicated that their presence on SP's may have resulted in a minor, coincidental reduction in harassment. Significantly more tabanids were caught during the morning trapping period than at other times, and significantly more mosquitoes were caught during the evening/overnight trapping period than at other times.

scholarly journals Comparison of the efficiency and ethical implications of pitfall and Tomahawk traps on Virginia opposums (Didelphis virginiana)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yury Glebskiy ◽  
Zenón Cano-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Paired Design ◽  
Infrequent Event

The choice of methods for trapping animals can greatly affect the studies and their results, despite that there are relatively few studies on the matter. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare two common methods of live trapping (Tomahawk traps and pitfall traps), their efficiency and ethical implications for trapping Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Traps were located in a paired design, the trapped animals were checked for sex, injuries caused by the trap and stress level, then marked and released in the same spot. At the same time, costs of both trap types were compared. Tomahawk traps were 60 % more efficient to trap opossums but the pitfall traps had better results in all the other categories: were more cost-effective, did not injure the animals as often and were less stressful. Neither type of trap presented bias in sex proportion or number of recaptured animals. In general, both types of traps resulted to be effective, the pitfall trap was the better option in almost all of the categories but has the disadvantage that in the infrequent event of two males being caught on in the same trap, they are likely to fight.

scholarly journals Impact of deforestation on earthworm populations in Guyana's rainforests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Persaud
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pristine Forest ◽  
Earthworm Populations

Changes to the landscape of tropical rainforests are potential instigators in population changes experienced by earthworms, which are integral biological components of almost all terrestrial ecosystems. A comparative analysis of earthworm populations was done in the rainforests of Guyana to investigate the impact of deforestation on earthworm populations. Earthworms were sampled in pristine forest sites and deforested sites, which yielded 31 species belonging to 10 families. Deforested sites suffered significantly from low abundance, density, diversity and richness. The population data among the two types of sites were all of statistical significant difference, with the exception of epigeic abundance. Earthworm abundance and richness were found to be significantly negatively correlated to deforestation. Anecic ecotype were the most affected as none were recorded in deforested sites while P. corethrurus was found to be the most abundant species in the deforested sites.

scholarly journals Coleopterofauna found on fresh and frozen rabbit carcasses in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM. Mise ◽  
RC. Corrêa ◽  
LM. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Many arthropod species are associated with carrion and some of them can be used as forensic indicators in murder investigations to estimate the time of death. Different physical conditions of cadavers may influence the fauna and the importance of freezing and thawing is unknown. The present paper sought to survey the Coleoptera species encountered in frozen and fresh rabbit carcasses, at a forest in Curitiba, Brazil. Four rabbit carcasses, two of them fresh and the other frozen were used. The coleopterofauna was sampled daily, and analyzed using non-parametric tests. A total of 666 beetles were sampled, belonging to 28 species in 10 families. Most of the beetles captured were larvae of Oxelytrum spp. (433) which are known to be necrophagous. The two frozen carcasses accounted for most of the beetles (338 and 180) in comparison with the two fresh carcasses (103 and 45). The tests were based on the most abundant species. Oxelytrum spp. median differed significantly between carcasses (H = 12.47844; p = 0.0059). The two fresh carcasses differed significantly (U = 190.0; p = 0.00019), but there was no significant difference between the frozen carcasses (U = 336.0; p = 0.29755). The data indicate that the freezing process prevents certain species to colonize carcasses, in this case with the dominance of species of Oxelytrum. These data also indicate that careful attention is necessary before using frozen carcasses in forensic entomology studies.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document