scholarly journals Morphology and Composition of Two Late Wisconsinan Soils Forming in Till and Lacustrine Deposits, Scarborough Bluffs Area, South-Central Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Mahaney
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Lacustrine Deposits ◽  
South Central ◽  
Primary Mineral ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Sand And Gravel

ABSTRACT Halton Till and Glacial Lake Iroquois lacustrine sand and gravel deposits are the major surficial materials exposed at the surface of Scarborough Bluffs in South-Central Ontario. Luvisols formed in these deposits have different morphologies, including depth of weathering, complexity of horizonation, and strength of structural grades which result from parent material differences and pedogenesis. Particle size variations between the two paleosols result, in part, from different modes of deposition, and show that variable amounts of clay were produced pedogenically in the two systems. Clay mineral genesis, involving the transformation of illite and illitesmectite to vermiculite, appears to be restricted to the Iroquois sand paleosol, while some chloritization of illite occurs in both profiles. Changes in the primary mineral contents in the two paleosols suggest a similar magnitude of weathering in both systems. Distributions of vermiculite and dithionite-extractable Fe suggest some preweathering effects in the Halton Till paleosol. Morphological, mineralogical and some soil chemical properties are closely related to the physical attributes of the two different parent materials (till vs lacustrine sand and gravel).

CARBONATE MINERALOGY OF LAKE SEDIMENTS AND SURROUNDING SOILS. 2. THE QU’APPELLE LAKES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. GHEBRE-EGZIABHIER ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Ionic Activity ◽  
South Central ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Lake Waters

The nature and distribution of carbonate minerals in the upper Qu’Appelle basin in south-central Saskatchewan were investigated. The equivalent carbonate content and calcite:dolomite ratios of the deposits reflect the mechanisms of glacial deposition and some differences in the sources of the original parent material. The particle size analysis shows that the Qu’Appelle Lake sediments are more clayey than the surrounding soils and till deposits. Mg-bearing calcites occur only in the fine-sized fraction of the carbonate accumulation horizons. However, most of the upper Qu’Appelle Lake sediments contain appreciable amounts of sand-sized Mg-bearing calcites. The marked increase in carbonate content of the sediments relative to the adjacent soils and deposits is partially due to direct precipitation of calcite from the supersaturated lake waters. In this respect, a good correlation exists between the lake water ionic activity products for CaCO3 and the relative equivalent carbonatic mineral contents of the sediments. Key words: Mg-bearing calcite, dolomite, IAP, erosion

Regional geochemical mapping in areas lacking surface drainages: Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn content of overburden and soil in south-central Saskatchewan

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1086-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Doyle ◽  
W. K. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Geochemical Mapping ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
South Central ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Range Test

An approach to regional geochemical mapping is outlined utilizing differences among mean metal concentrations for soil associated with individual parent materials. Initially the area of study is divided into parent material-based subareas for soil collection. Separate mean and variance metal values are estimated for each parent material and Duncan's Multiple Range Test is used to evaluate the statistical significance of among mean differences. Results are summarized in map form showing only compositionally distinctive parent materials or parent material groups and their associated mean and range values.This approach was tested in the Rosetown–Outlook area of south-central Saskatchewan. Results suggest that, in total, fewer than 10 samples are required per parent material to produce stable maps for copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in this 10 000 km2 area. Because of the limited number of samples needed, the method is both rapid and relatively inexpensive. It is therefore ideally suited for regional geochemical surveying, particularly in relatively arid areas where conventional lake and stream sediment-based procedures are not applicable.

MINERALOGICAL VARIABILITY OF THE CLAY IN A MAP DELINEATION OF BRANDON SOIL

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. ROSS ◽  
C. WANG ◽  
R. G. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Primary Mineral

The mineralogical variability of the clays from the Ap and BCg horizons of 20 pedons in a delineation of Brandon soil near Ottawa was measured. The soil has level topography, is dominantly poorly drained, and has developed from marine clay during the past 8000 yr. Smectite, vermiculite and mica were the dominant clay minerals, whereas quartz, feldspars and amphiboles were generally present in smaller amounts. The coefficients of variation (CV) among pedons were generally less than 20% indicating that the lateral distribution of minerals in the clay was relatively uniform. This was supported by the low variability (CV of 10% or less) of the chemical properties of the clay, such as cation exchange capacities and K contents, which are generally related to clay mineralogy. There were more significant differences in clay mineralogy between Ap and BCg horizons. Differences appear to have resulted from pedogenic weathering. The clay from the Ap horizon contained a higher proportion of smectite and lower proportions of mica, albite and amphiboles. Presumably, some mica had expanded to form smectite and some primary mineral grains had weathered. Decreased total amounts of Na, K and Ca in the Ap clay also reflected this weathering. The lateral uniformity of the clay mineralogy was accounted for by the relatively uniform soil forming factors and processes in this map unit. The confidence limits for variations from means of mineral contents in replicated clays as well as other results indicate that the determination of spatial variability of clay mineralogy is limited by the precision of analytical methods for mineral quantification. Key words: Mineralogical variability, map delineation, Brandon soil

scholarly journals Soil diversity and properties in mountainous subtropical areas, in Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. García Calderón ◽  
A. Ibáñez Huerta ◽  
G. Alvarez Arteaga ◽  
P. V. Krasilnikov ◽  
A. Hernández Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Soil Groups ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Agroforestry is a new practice of sustainable soil use in the mountainous Sierra Sur de Oaxaca area of Mexico. Coffee is also a common cash crop grown in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the pedodiversity in the area. Soil development is very complex, and is influenced by slope parameters and parent materials. Several soil groups are found in the area investigated: Alisols, Umbrisols, and Cambisols. Morphology, chemical properties, and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of these soils were studied. The soils vary in the extent of weathering, morphology, and chemical properties, which are important to farming in the area. Most of the soils have heterogeneous parent material. The distribution of major soil types of the area is related to mass movement along the slopes, both past and present. The studied soils represent a chronosequence from unleached and unweathered Cambisols to Alisols, characterized by strong clay illuviation and dominance of kaolinite and gibbsite in clay fraction. A mosaic of landslides and gullies of various ages, formed by catastrophic events such as earthquakes and hurricanes, form the pedodiversity of the area studied. Key words: Landslides, chronosequence, pedodiversity, Cambisols, Umbrisols, Alisols

scholarly journals Effects of geological formations and topography on the evolution and diversity of soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 476-789
Author(s):  
Hengameh Javadi ◽  
Reza Sokouti ◽  
Ebrahim Pazira ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Massihabbadi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geological Formations

Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.

scholarly journals Arsenate and arsenite adsorption in relation with chemical properties of alluvial and loess soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 943-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Rukh ◽  
Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Ayaz Mehmood ◽  
Sayed Hassan ◽  
Khalid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Loess Soils

Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements in the soil environment. Understanding of the arsenic adsorption chemistry is essential for evolving the extent of soil and groundwater contaminations. This research was conducted to determine the variation in adsorption behaviour of arsenite and arsenate with depth in different lithology soils. We sampled two parent materials at genetic horizons, and within a parent material, we selected two soils. Besides basic soil characterizations, a laboratory batch experiments were carried out to study the adsorption of arsenate and arsenite. Freundlich adsorption approaches were employed to investigate the adsorption of arsenate and arsenite in the soils. Freundlich isotherms fit arsenate and arsenite sorption data well with r2 values of 0.88?0.98 in most soils. Arsenate and arsenite adsorption varied with the soil properties, especially in clay composition and in the oxides of iron and aluminum. Arsenic adsorption parameters also varied with depth in parent materials, and loess derived soils had greater adsorption capacity as compared to alluvial soils in most of the adsorption parameters. This research concludes that the loess soils had higher arsenic adsorption capacity than the alluvial soils.

Morphology and Weathering Trends of the Sangamon Soil Complex in South-Central Indiana in Relation to Paleodrainage

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Color Development ◽  
South Central ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
Poor Drainage

Three paleodrainage groups are proposed for profiles of the Farmdale–Sangamon soil complex in south-central Indiana. The groups (good, intermediate, and poor) are differentiated on the basis of matrix colors and color patterns. Genetic support for the groupings is provided by morphological trends still evident following > 100,000 yr of pedogenesis and burial by late Wisconsinan loess. Depth of carbonate leaching, solum thickness, and argillic horizon thickness all decrease with poorer drainage. Clay mineralogy also reflects paleodrainage. Illite degradation is intense in all profiles, but profiles with good drainage have poorly crystalline, interstratified expandable minerals, while well crystalline smectites dominate in profiles with poor drainage. Remanent aggregation in former A horizons is stronger in more poorly drained profiles, while the effects of structural overprinting from the modern soil increase with better modern drainage. Soil morphology, mineralogy, and parent material–paleolandscape position of Sangamon profiles are all internally consistent with color development under soil hydrological conditions during the last interglacial to glacial transition. The occurrence frequency of each drainage group indicates that the Sangamon soilscape was better drained than now, and morphology and clay mineral evidence suggests that areas with poor drainage did not experience the extreme seasonal groundwater shifts that the modern landscape experiences.

Contributions to the Knowledge of Sandy Soils from Oltenia Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽  
Catalin Cristian Simota ◽  
Mihail Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Wind Characteristic ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Highlighting the sandy soil of Oltenia Plain calls for a better knowledge of their variability their correlation with major natural factors from each physical geography. Pedogenetic processes specific sandy soils are strongly influenced by nature parent material. This leads, on the one hand, climate aridity of the soil due to strong heating and accumulation of small water reserves, consequences emphasizing the moisture deficit in the development of the vegetation and favoring weak deflation, and on the other hand, an increase in mineralization organic matter. Relief under wind characteristic sandy land, soil formation and distribution has some particularly of flat land with the land formed on the loess. The dune ridges are less evolved soils, profile underdeveloped and poorly supplied with nutrients compared to those on the slopes of the dunes and the interdune, whose physical and chemical properties are more favorable to plant growth.Both Romanati Plain and the Blahnita (Mehedinti) Plain and Bailesti Plain, sand wind shaped covering a finer material, loamy sand and even loess (containing up to 26% clay), also rippled with negative effects in terms of overall drainage. Depending on the pedogenetic physical and geographical factors that have contributed to soil cover, in the researched were identified following classes of soils: protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrosols.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production requires some land improvement works (especially fitting for irrigation) and agropedoameliorative works. Particular attention should be paid to preventing and combating wind erosion.

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