scholarly journals Soil diversity and properties in mountainous subtropical areas, in Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. García Calderón ◽  
A. Ibáñez Huerta ◽  
G. Alvarez Arteaga ◽  
P. V. Krasilnikov ◽  
A. Hernández Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Soil Groups ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Agroforestry is a new practice of sustainable soil use in the mountainous Sierra Sur de Oaxaca area of Mexico. Coffee is also a common cash crop grown in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the pedodiversity in the area. Soil development is very complex, and is influenced by slope parameters and parent materials. Several soil groups are found in the area investigated: Alisols, Umbrisols, and Cambisols. Morphology, chemical properties, and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of these soils were studied. The soils vary in the extent of weathering, morphology, and chemical properties, which are important to farming in the area. Most of the soils have heterogeneous parent material. The distribution of major soil types of the area is related to mass movement along the slopes, both past and present. The studied soils represent a chronosequence from unleached and unweathered Cambisols to Alisols, characterized by strong clay illuviation and dominance of kaolinite and gibbsite in clay fraction. A mosaic of landslides and gullies of various ages, formed by catastrophic events such as earthquakes and hurricanes, form the pedodiversity of the area studied. Key words: Landslides, chronosequence, pedodiversity, Cambisols, Umbrisols, Alisols

scholarly journals Effects of geological formations and topography on the evolution and diversity of soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 476-789
Author(s):  
Hengameh Javadi ◽  
Reza Sokouti ◽  
Ebrahim Pazira ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Massihabbadi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geological Formations

Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.

Red soils of different origins from southwest Nigeria: Characteristics, classification, and management considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Okusami ◽  
R. H. Rust ◽  
A. O. Alao
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Biotite Gneiss ◽  
Variable Charge

Representative profiles of the Owena, Egbeda, Alagba, and Balogun series were studied. The Owena soil is formed in amphibolite whereas Egbeda and Balogun soils are formed in biotite gneiss derived parent materials. The Alagba soil is formed in sandstone parent rock. The main objectives were to characterize the soils and their clay fraction, and to classify and interpret soil properties for agricultural land use. Most soils exhibit 2.5 YR hues in subsurface horizons. A pedon formed in biotite gneiss has the highest dithionite Fe content and Fed/clay ratio. The relationships between clay content and Fed values vary according to parent material origin and, therefore, would have to be interpreted differently for soil weathering processes. Clay coatings were noticeable in some soil horizons of all pedons studied. Soils are generally medium to slightly acid with sandstone-derived soils being the most acid. The clay mineral suite in all soils is dominated by kaolinite with traces of 2:1 and 2:2 clay minerals, goethite, hematite, anatase, maghemite, and rutile. In addition, some soils contain trace amounts of gibbsite. Kandic horizons have been identified in all soils. The low charge properties of the soils reflect the intensely weathered clay mineral suite. The base status is probably influenced by the cropping system and therefore may tend to unnecessarily differentiate highly weathered soils at the order level. The Egbeda and Balogun series were classified as Rhodic Kandiudults, clayey-skeletal, oxidic and Rhodic Kandiudalfs, clayey-skeletal, oxidic, respectively. Others, Owena, and Alagba series, were classified as Typic Kanhaplohumults, clayey, oxidic and Rhodic Kanhaplustults, fine loamy or clayey, oxidic, respectively. In the FAO-Unesco legend, all soils become Rhodic Ferralsols. In addition, the Owena (with its nitic properties) is further classified as niti-rhodic Ferralsol. The two classification systems are at variance for highly weathered (variable charge property) soils and this difference will definitely influence management decisions depending on which system is used at any particular time. Soil attributes favorable for agricultural use include thick sola and favorable structures. Chemical properties suggest minimal fixation of phosphorus. Key words: Dithionite Fe, kandic, oxidic, variable charge, ferralic, exchangeable Al

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF OVERROOF ROCKS OF CLAY SHALES OF THE DZHERDANAK DEPOSIT

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this study is study of the physical and chemical properties of the overburden of the Dzherdanak deposit. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the overburden of the Djerdanak deposit has been studied by the methods of X-ray and thermography, electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The main phases are quartz, kaolinite and muscovite. The study of the fine structure of the rock under an electron microscope showed the homogeneity of the rock with pronounced uniform inclusions, which is preserved even after firing. Changes in the rock after firing at 1050 °C have been determined. The formation of mullite at this temperature has been established.

scholarly journals Methods for soil enhancement in geoheritage research: a case study from Veglia-Devero Natural Park (Lepontine Alps)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Masseroli ◽  
Irene M. Bollati ◽  
Luca Trombino ◽  
Manuela Pelfini
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Lepontine Alps

<p>In mountain environments, the high variability of soil forming factors (i.e., parent material, climate, relief, organism, time) is responsible for the presence of different soil types, which not only contribute to the pedodiversity but are also a component of the local cultural heritage.</p><p>Up to now, scarce attention has been paid to the soil in the geoheritage/geoconservation scientific analyses.</p><p>To promote soil as element concurring to mountain geoheritage definition, we propose a strategy to include pedological topics within a multidisciplinary trail planned in the Veglia-Devero Natural Park (Lepontine Alps). The geomorphological dynamicity and environmental change affecting during times the small mountain catchment of Buscagna hydrographic basin are illustrated with a specific address to soil characteristics. The physical and chemical properties, and pedological features of soils reflect the interaction among the other ecosystem components (i.e. geology, geomorphology and vegetation), underlining the role of soil as natural archive for reconstructing landscape evolution and for achieving a more complete assessment of Late Quaternary geomorphic events, especially surface processes.</p><p>Geopedological researches carried out in the study area, allowed to detect 7 soil profiles as potential sites of pedological interest, located in safe and accessible places, along already existing hiking paths. The selected soil profiles not only mirror the main soil types that characterize the area but also represent evidence of past environmental conditions and geomorphic dynamics.</p><p>The opportunities for hikers and mountaineers, to observe the exposed soils along the Buscagna valley, thanks to the presence of erosional scarps and subsidence areas, allow also to get more awareness of the need of geoheritage conservation strategies addressed to soil, especially in the mountain landscape where soil characteristics reflect the striking influence of its forming factors.</p>

scholarly journals Pedogenesis on volcanic rocks in protected landscape areas in Central and North Bohemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Žigová ◽  
M. Šťastný
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Pedogenic Process ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

The development of soil cover on volcanic rocks in Central and North Bohemia was analyzed. The study was performed in the protected landscape areas on basalt, andesite, and dolerite. Parent material was characterized on the basis of thin-section study. Petrography of the parent material makes it possible to document the differences in the texture, character, and amount of rock-forming minerals. All the studied sequences exhibit the same configuration of soil profiles but various thicknesses. The soil profiles were evaluated on the basis of particle size distribution, chemical properties, soil organic matter parameters, and mineral composition of clay fraction. The major specific pedogenic process in soils developed on volcanic rocks is weathering of parent material and development of the Bw horizon with the formation of mainly smectite from the group of swelling clay minerals. The results revealed differences in the formation of the Bw horizon which is significantly affected by the petrography of the parent material and local geological conditions. According to the type of volcanic rocks, the intensity of the developmental process of the Bw horizon is as follows: andesite (Týřovické skály) > dolerite (Záhrabská) > basalt (Březina).

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Properties on the Phytotoxicity of Atrazine, Ametryne, Prometryne, and Diuron in Puerto Rican Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Liu ◽  
H. Cibes Viadé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Dosage Prediction ◽  
Concentration Series ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Thirteen soils representing a wide range of physical and chemical properties were used in this study. Four herbicides including Atrazine, Ametryne, Prometryne, and Diuron were applied at a concentration series from 0.5 to 32 p.p.m. to each soil, with the exception of Caño Tiburones soil. Kanota oat (Avena sativa L.) was chosen as an indicator plant. ED50  values were obtained for the various soil types. The result indicated that ED50  values varied greatly with different soil types. Simple, partial, and multiple correlations were made among ED50  values and different soil properties. It was found that the organic matter was the major soil property which contributed chiefly to the phytotoxicity of herbicides. A theoretical relationship between percent soil organic matter and p.p.m.w. of herbicides required for 50-percent fresh-weight reduction of oat was obtained for herbicide dosage-prediction purpose.

scholarly journals Sediment yield, detachment, and runoff from soil under selected parent materials in Southeastern Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Agim L.C. ◽  
Igwe C.A.
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil degradation due to water erosion among other causes has been a major problem in southeastern Nigeria, therefore a study was conducted to determine sediment yield, detachment, and runoff from soil under selected parent material in southeastern Nigeria. The objective was to characterize the selected soils in terms of their physical and chemical parameters, carry out rainfall simulation, and to establish some relationships that exist among studied parameters with selected soil properties. Soil samples were collected in three replicates from twenty locations, 5 location each from 4 geologic formations namely Asu River Group, Bende Ameki Group, Coastal Plain Sand and False bedded Sandstone at a depth of 0 – 20 cm using soil auger. Standard laboratory procedures were followed for samples for routine analyses while the rest was subjected to rainfall simulation at an intensity of 190 mm/hr for a period of 30 minutes under dry and wet conditions of the soils. Result showed that significant P<0.05) differences among studied parameters. Sediment yield under wet and dry states ranged from 0.56 - 3.95 kg m-2 hr-1 and from 0.80 - 4.97 kg m-2hr-1. The highest sediment yield under both conditions was recorded at Ishiagu, Bende, Obinze and Okigwe from ARG, BAG, CPS and FBS derived parent materials, respectively. Detachment under both conditions ranged from 0.04 - 0.13 kg m-2hr-1 and from 0.03 - 0.21 kg m-2 hr- . Similarly, runoff ranged from 79.80 - 125.30 mm and 28.00 – 106.90 mm under wet and dry states. Result also indicated a negative relationship between clay fraction and sediment yield (r= - 0.62) under dry and ( r= - 0.27) under wet condition. Conclusively, the study noted that rainfall has great impact on studied soils as higher values of sediment yield and detachment were noted mostly under dry than in wet conditions.

scholarly journals Soil-Landscape Relationship in the Northern Volcanic Mountain of Leyte, Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Roland Rallos ◽  
Victor Asio ◽  
Faustino Villamayor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unstable Position ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Studies on soil-landscape relationships are necessary to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution and variation of soils for their sustainable management. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and landscape position in the northern volcanic mountain of Leyte, Philippines. Five soil profiles located on summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope positions were evaluated. Findings revealed that the degree of soil development as well as the soil morphophysical and chemical properties varied with landscape position. The soil in the most stable position (summit) had thicker solum and slightly more developed soil profile than the soils in other landscape positions. On the other hand, soils in the unstable position (backslope) generally had thinner solum. All the five soils also revealed the influence of the andesitic volcanic parent material on their properties. They all showed some properties typical of Andisols such as low bulk density and high pH in NaF although they were classified as Andic Dystrudept. The soils all possessed physical and chemical constraints for crop production.

A soil toposequence on bunya phyllite in Brisbane

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
AJ Koppi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Genetic Unit ◽  
Dioctahedral Mica ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
In Situ Weathering ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A common toposequence on Bunya Phyllite in south-east Queensland was studied in detail at a representative site. Four sample profiles on the slope are described, and some physical and chemical properties are given. The clay minerals, derived from the weathering of the quartz-sericite-chlorite phyllite, comprise dioctahedral mica, dioctahedral vermiculite, an interstratification of these minerals, and kaolin. Properties are related to the slope; and the clay-rich horizon of the middle and lower slopes is considered to be formed mostly by in situ weathering. The classification of the genetic unit given by the slope and parent material is discussed.

The influence of heating temperature on the physical and chemical properties of soils with different parent materials and anthropogenic uses

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Sacchi ◽  
Paola Campitelli ◽  
Patricia Soria ◽  
Silvia Ceppi
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Although natural and controlled fires are common in natural environments of the Province of Córdoba (Argentina), the effects on the physical and chemical soil properties are not well known. Warming effects were studied in two representative soil parent materials located in the piedmont of the Sierra Chica, Córdoba, Argentina. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes caused by different heating temperatures (100 °C and 500 °C), under laboratory conditions, on physical and chemical properties of two soils with different granulometric compositions and anthropic uses. The soils were classified as Udic Haplustoll, fine loamy (alluvial soils) and Udic Argiustoll, fine silty (loessoides soils). The depth analyzed corresponded to the upper 5 cm of the surface horizon. The physical property was granulometric composition (clay, silt and sand content) and the chemical properties: pH, oxidizable carbon (Cox), total nitrogen (Nt), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>), extractable phosphorus (Pe) and electrical conductivity (EC). These analyses included both unheated samples (control) and those heated at different temperatures. Cox, pH, EC and CEC showed similar behavior at the different heating temperatures, despite the parent materials and the soil use conditions. Cox, pH, Nt and CEC could statistically explain the differences in edaphic properties at the temperatures analyzed. At 300 °C statistically significant differences were recorded for the analyzed soil parameters, and at 500 °C changes difficult to reverse due to the inorganic colloidal fraction collapse and the decrease (90%) of the organic fraction were found.

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