scholarly journals Algae and Biodiesel: Patenting energized as green goes commercial

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Preiss ◽  
Stanley P Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Algal Biodiesel ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Green Fuels ◽  
Commercial Applications

In the twenty-first century, predominant dependence on fossil fuels as energy resources will not be sustainable. Developing and commercializing green energy innovations will be an essential component of the transition to a more diversified energy economy. Algal biodiesel is one of the most promising green fuels because of its potential as a renewable and sustainable fuel source without displacing food crops. Algal biodiesel research and development are necessary early steps towards a transition to a green energy economy. The strategic use of strong patent portfolios will drive this by attracting investment, incentivizing innovation and accelerating commercialization. Whereas algal biodiesel research and development is largely still early stage, this will rapidly change as aggressive investments and government subsidies facilitate economically competitive algal biodiesel to enter the energy market. Algal domestication, improvement and industrial utilization for biodiesel production will therefore inevitably create value, leading to increased assertion of property rights, of which intellectual property rights in the form of patents are fundamental. This article provides a summary of representative patents and patent applications in the algal biodiesel technology space and their commercial applications.

ASCENDANCY OF ULTRASONIC REACTOR FOR MICRO BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Abdullah ◽  
N. Baluch ◽  
S. Mohtar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Animal Fats

Biodiesel is a form of biofuel; diesel fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases. Biodiesel is produced through a process called transesterification which involves taking naturally occurring carbon chain molecules, known as triglycerides, found in such feed stocks as seed oils and animal fats, and converting them into methyl esters, which is the chemical term for biodiesel. The conventional transesterification of the triglycerides to fatty methyl esters and glycerin is slow and not complete. During the conversion process not all fatty acid chains are turned into alkyl esters (biodiesel) reducing biodiesel quality and yield, significantly. In considering a new biodiesel facility or an upgrade of existing biodiesel plant, it is imperative that ultrasonic mixing technology be considered; it is efficient and ideal for micro scale biodiesel processing. This paper infers the efficiency of Ultrasonics for the ultrasonication of liquids and gleans that Ultrasonic cavitational mixing is the most advanced means to form fine-size emulsions at micro processing scale.  The paper construes the innovative ascendancy of ‘Ultrasonic Reactor’ for micro scale production of biodiesel and demonstrates that there is a direct link between methanol droplet size, biodiesel yield, and conversion speed which makes ultrasonic reactors the most productive technology in the biodiesel industry. The paper concludes that biofuels are sustainable alternative to fossil fuels and biodiesel is a green energy source for agriculture, transport and power generation at micro level use in rural communities. 

scholarly journals Current Research and Development Status of Corrosion Behavior of Automotive Materials in Biofuels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Aamir Shehzad ◽  
Arslan Ahmed ◽  
Moinuddin Mohammed Quazi ◽  
Muhammad Jamshaid ◽  
S. M. Ashrafur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
The World ◽  
Blended Fuel

The world’s need for energy is increasing with the passage of time and the substantial energy demand of the world is met by fossil fuels. Biodiesel has been considered as a replacement for fossil fuels in automotive engines. Biodiesels are advantageous because they provide energy security, they are nontoxic, renewable, economical, and biodegradable and clean sources of energy. However, there are certain disadvantages of biodiesels, including their corrosive, hygroscopic and oxidative natures. This paper provides a review of automotive materials when coming into contact with biodiesel blended fuel in terms of corrosion. Biodiesels have generally been proved to be corrosive, therefore it is important to understand the limits and extents of corrosion on different materials. Methods generally used to find and calculate corrosion have also been discussed in this paper. The reasons for the occurrence of corrosion and the subsequent problems because of corrosion have been presented. Biodiesel production can be carried out by different feedstocks and the studies which have been carried out on these biodiesels have been reviewed in this paper. A certain number of compounds form on the surface of materials because of corrosion and the mechanism behind the formation of these compounds along with the characterization techniques generally used is reviewed.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Feedstock and Lipase Research and Development towards Commercialization of Enzymatic Biodiesel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Vasudeo Zambare ◽  
Rutuja Patankar ◽  
Bhushan Bhusare ◽  
Lew Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Biodiesel is a biodegradable, renewable, and carbon-neutral alternative to petroleum diesel that can contribute to the global effort of minimizing the use of fossil fuels and meeting the ever-growing energy demands and stringent environmental constraints. The aim of this work was to (1) review the recent progress in feedstock development, including first, second, third, and fourth-generation feedstocks for biodiesel production; (2) discuss recent progress in lipase research and development as one of the key factors for establishing a cost-competitive biodiesel process in terms of enzyme sources, properties, immobilization, and transesterification efficiency; and (3) provide an update of the current challenges and opportunities for biodiesel commercialization from techno-economic and social perspectives. Related biodiesel producers, markets, challenges, and opportunities for biodiesel commercialization, including environmental considerations, are critically discussed.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

Editor in Chief’s Note on the Green Hydrogen Fuel from Solar / Wind Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ehsan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Cost

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

Utilization of pomegranate waste-peel as a novel substrate for biodiesel production by Bacillus cereus (MF908505)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207
Author(s):  
Amruta P. Kanakdande ◽  
Chandrahasya N. Khobragade ◽  
Rajaram S. Mane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs

The continuous rising demands and fluctuations in the prices of fossil fuels warrant searching for an alternative renewable energy source to manage the energy needs.

scholarly journals Bio-Derived Catalysts: A Current Trend of Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Hoang Chinh Nguyen ◽  
My-Linh Nguyen ◽  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Alkali Catalysts ◽  
A Current

Biodiesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and mainly produced from oils/fat through the (trans)esterification process. To enhance the reaction efficiency and simplify the production process, various catalysts have been introduced for biodiesel synthesis. Recently, the use of bio-derived catalysts has attracted more interest due to their high catalytic activity and ecofriendly properties. These catalysts include alkali catalysts, acid catalysts, and enzymes (biocatalysts), which are (bio)synthesized from various natural sources. This review summarizes the latest findings on these bio-derived catalysts, as well as their source and catalytic activity. The advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts are also discussed. These bio-based catalysts show a promising future and can be further used as a renewable catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Nazir ◽  
Imtisal Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Production Technologies

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

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