Isolation of polyvinyl chloride degrading bacterial strains from environmental samples using enrichment culture technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashree Patil
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Strains

scholarly journals Screening for Urease-Producing Bacteria from Limestone Caves of Sarawak

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie ◽  
Nurnajwani Senian ◽  
Phua Ye Li ◽  
Ngu Lock Hei ◽  
Dominic Ong Ek Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Urease Production

Urease is a key enzyme in the chemical reaction of microorganism and has been found to be associated withcalcification, which is essential in microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) process. Three bacterialisolates (designated as LPB19, TSB31 and TSB12) were among twenty-eight bacteria that were isolated fromsamples collected from Sarawak limestone caves using the enrichment culture technique. Isolates LPB19, TSB31and TSB12 were selected based on their quick urease production when compared to other isolates. Phenotypiccharacteristics indicate all three bacterial strains are gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, catalase and oxidasepositive. Urease activity of the bacterial isolates were measured through changes in conductivity in the absence ofcalcium ions. The bacterial isolates (LPB19, TSB12 and TSB31) showed urease activity of 16.14, 12.45 and 11.41mM urea hydrolysed/min respectively. The current work suggested that these isolates serves as constitutiveproducers of urease, potentially useful in inducing calcite precipitates.

scholarly journals Characterizations of novel pesticide-degrading bacterial strains from industrial wastes found in the industrial cities of Pakistan and their biodegradation potential

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12211
Author(s):  
Noreen Asim ◽  
Mahreen Hassan ◽  
Farheen Shafique ◽  
Maham Ali ◽  
Hina Nayab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Considerable Degradation ◽  
Different Strains

Background Lack of infrastructure for disposal of effluents in industries leads to severe pollution of natural resources in developing countries. These pollutants accompanied by solid waste are equally hazardous to biological growth. Natural attenuation of these pollutants was evidenced that involved degradation by native microbial communities. The current study encompasses the isolation of pesticide-degrading bacteria from the vicinity of pesticide manufacturing industries. Methods The isolation and identification of biodegrading microbes was done. An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate the selected pesticide-degrading bacteria from industrial waste. Results Around 20 different strains were isolated, among which six isolates showed significant pesticide biodegrading activity. After 16S rRNA analysis, two isolated bacteria were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii (5B) and Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans, and the remaining four were identified as different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1A, 2B, 3C, 4D). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their evolution from a common ancestor. All strains showed distinctive degradation ability up to 36 hours. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains 1A and 4D showed highest degradation percentage of about 80% for DDT, and P. aeruginosa strain 3C showed highest degradation percentage, i.e., 78% for aldrin whilst in the case of malathion, A. baumannii and A. ferroxidans have shown considerable degradation percentages of 53% and 54%, respectively. Overall, the degradation trend showed that all the selected strains can utilize the given pesticides as sole carbon energy sources even at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Conclusion This study provided strong evidence for utilizing these strains to remove persistent residual pesticide; thus, it gives potential for soil treatment and restoration.

scholarly journals Mineralisation of natural rubber (poly cis 1-4 isoprene) by co-cultured bacterial strains isolated from rubber plantation area

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasa Muralidharan ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S R Rna ◽  
Physico Chemical

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To isolate Natural Rubber degrading Bacterial co-cultures from rubber plantation soil and to characterize and identify the organisms by 16s r RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Cocultures of the bacteria were isolated from the contaminated site by enrichment culture technique. Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to mineralize Natural rubber. Degradation was confirmed by Spectrophotmetric and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies.Natural rubber degraded by the cocultures were studied at different concentrations and the physico-chemical analysis were optimized (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources)</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Isolated organism was identified as <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> and <em>Brevundimonas naejangsanensis</em>. The co-cultures were able to utilize the Natural rubber which was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and FTIR studies. From the current study it was evaluated that Natural rubber was mineralized up to 50 % where optimum concentration was 10 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated bacterial cocultures <em>Bacillus cohnii</em> and <em>Brevundimonas naejangsanensis</em> have the capacity to mineralize Natural rubber and hence such isolated cocultures can be used in removal of from waste Natural rubber products in the environment.</p>

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Pesticide Degrading Bacteria in Polluted Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Sowunmi ◽  
Suliat Morenike Shoga ◽  
Oluwabukola Mabel Adewunmi ◽  
Adewale Felix Oriyomi ◽  
Lukman Sowunmi
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Living System ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

AbstractPesticides are the substances for preventing, destroying, repelling any pest. Due to bulk handling or accidental release, they are accumulated in soil which leads to occasional entry into ecosystem that shows lethal effect on living system. An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate bacterial strains from organophosphate soil degrading high concentration of the selected pesticides. Five pure bacterial cultures were isolated. All five isolates were characterized on the basis of molecular and biochemical features like biodegradation test and substrate specificity, phosphate solubilization and screened for pesticide residue, pH, and extraction of DNA, quantity and quality check and salt tolerance. The organophosphate isolates were also tested for quantitative production. The screening of pesticide tolerance was done at for fungicides and insecticides.

The metabolism of p-fluorophenylacetic acid by a Pseudomonas sp. I. Isolation and identification of intermediates in degradation

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Harper ◽  
E. R. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Organic Fluorine

A Pseudomonas sp. capable of growing on p-fluorophenylacetic acid as sole carbon source has been isolated using the enrichment culture technique. All the organic fluorine is released into the culture medium as fluoride ion during growth. A number of fluorinated intermediates have been isolated from the culture medium when resting cells were incubated with the substrate. Using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic techniques together with chemical degradative procedures, these have been identified as D(+)-monofluorosuccinic acid, trans-3-fluoro-3-hexenedioic acid, (−)-4-carboxymethyl-4-fluorobutanolide, 4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

Degradation of (–)-Ephedrine by Pseudomonas putida Detection of (–)-Ephedrine: NAD+-oxidoreductase from Arthrobacter globiformis

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Klamann ◽  
F. Lingens
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Arthrobacter Globiformis ◽  
Muconic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nad Oxidoreductase

Abstract A bacterium utilizing the alkaloid (-)-ephedrine as its sole source of carbon was isolated by an enrichment-culture technique from soil supplemented with 4-benzoyl-1,3-oxazolidinon-(2). The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonasputida by morphological and physiological studies. The following metabolites were isolated from the culture fluid: methylamine, formaldehyde, methyl- benzoylcarbinol (2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1-phenylpropane), benzoid acid, pyrocatechol and cis, cis- muconic acid. A pathway for the degradation of (-)-ephedrine by Pseudomonas putida is proposed and compared with the degradative pathway in Arthrobacter globiformis.The enzyme, which is responsible for the first step in the catabolism of (-)-ephedrine could be demonstrated in extracts from Arthrobacter globiformis. This enzyme catalyses the dehydrogena- tion of (-)-ephedrine yielding phenylacetylcarbinol/methylbenzoylcarbinol and methylamine. It requires NAD+ as cofactor and exhibits optimal activity at pH 11 in 0.1 m glycine/NaOH buffer. The Km value for (-)-ephedrine is 0.02 mM and for NAD+ 0.11 mм, respectively. No remarkable loss of activity is observed following treatment with EDTA. The enzyme has been shown to react with a wide range of ethanolamines. A slight enrichment was obtained by ammonium sulphate precipitation. The name (-)-ephedrine: NAD+-oxidoreductase (deaminating) is proposed.

Screening and identification of pectinolytic bacteria for ramie degumming

2020 ◽  
pp. 004051752096828
Author(s):  
Lifeng Cheng ◽  
Shengwen Duan ◽  
Xiangyuan Feng ◽  
Ke Zheng ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Molecular Biology Method

To explore high-quality microbial resources with the capability of ramie degumming, we collected soil samples from rotten ramie and straw heaps. After enrichment culture by ramie raw materials, bacterial strains with the potential ramie-degumming function were screened using a pectin-hydrolysis plate. Dominant bacteria were identified by combining colonial morphological characteristics with the molecular biology method, and their ramie-degumming effects were verified through comprehensive biological degumming indices. Results demonstrated that Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, and Acidovorax temperans were successfully obtained. The highest pectinase activity, 98.2 U/mg, was found by A. temperans. B. thuringiensis showed the best ramie-degumming effect. The residual gum content, single-fiber linear density, and bundle-breaking strength of the degummed ramie fiber treated with B. thuringiensis were 8.32%, 6.80 dtex, and 7.84 cN/dtex, respectively. The residual gum content of the ramie fiber treated with B. thuringiensis met the textile requirement (<10%), and the values of all other indicators were also satisfactory. Therefore, B. thuringiensis was an excellent strain for ramie degumming, indicating potential industrial applications.

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia in Clinical, Food, and Environmental Samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (20) ◽  
pp. 6457-6461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario De Medici ◽  
Fabrizio Anniballi ◽  
Gary M. Wyatt ◽  
Miia Lindström ◽  
Ute Messelhäußer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Type A ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

ABSTRACT Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), the most toxic substance known, is produced by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum and, in rare cases, also by some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii. The standard procedure for definitive detection of BoNT-producing clostridia is a culture method combined with neurotoxin detection using a standard mouse bioassay (SMB). The SMB is highly sensitive and specific, but it is expensive and time-consuming and there are ethical concerns due to use of laboratory animals. PCR provides a rapid alternative for initial screening for BoNT-producing clostridia. In this study, a previously described multiplex PCR assay was modified to detect all type A, B, E, and F neurotoxin genes in isolated strains and in clinical, food, environmental samples. This assay includes an internal amplification control. The effectiveness of the multiplex PCR method for detecting clostridia possessing type A, B, E, and F neurotoxin genes was evaluated by direct comparison with the SMB. This method showed 100% inclusivity and 100% exclusivity when 182 BoNT-producing clostridia and 21 other bacterial strains were used. The relative accuracy of the multiplex PCR and SMB was evaluated using 532 clinical, food, and environmental samples and was estimated to be 99.2%. The multiplex PCR was also used to investigate 110 freshly collected food and environmental samples, and 4 of the 110 samples (3.6%) were positive for BoNT-encoding genes.

scholarly journals Higher alkyl sulfatase activity required by microbial inhabitants to remove anionic surfactants in the contaminated surface waters

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2357-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Icgen ◽  
Salih Batuhan Salik ◽  
Lale Goksu ◽  
Huseyin Ulusoy ◽  
Fadime Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Sulfatase Activity

Abstract Biodegradation of anionic surfactants, like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are challenged by some bacteria through the function of the enzyme alkyl sulfatases. Therefore, identifying and characterizing bacteria capable of degrading SDS with high alkyl sulfatase enzyme activity are pivotal. In this study, bacteria isolated from surfactant contaminated river water were screened for their potential to degrade SDS. Primary screening carried out by the conventional enrichment culture technique and assessment of SDS-degrading ability through methylene blue active substance assay revealed 12, out of 290, SDS-degrading surface water bacteria with maximum SDS degrading abilities of 46–94% in 24–54 h. The isolates exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 1 g/L, but tolerated up to 15–75 g/L. Eleven isolates were identified as the species of Pseudomonas and one isolate was identified as Aeromonas through 16S rRNA sequencing. Proteolytic activity of alkyl sulfatases in the identified isolates was shown by using native-PAGE analysis. The determined enzyme activities changed in between 1.32 and 2.90 U/mg in the crude extracts. Preliminary experiments showed that the isolates with the alkyl sulfatase enzyme activities ≥2.50 U/mg were strong gratuitous degraders. However, their relative importance in soil, sewage, and wastewater treatment plants remains to be assessed.

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